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Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Gender discrimination and violence based on moral and religious constructs regarding the social or marital status of the mother have been a key driver of illegal adoptions in several countries. In Ireland, the so-called mother and baby homes, which were managed by Catholic organizations, and other maternity institutions, were established in the 1920s to deal with unmarried pregnant women and girls and operated until the 1990s. Conditions in those institutions were deplorable and cases of violence against the women were common (e.g. abuse of expectant mothers, forced labour, neglect and detention). Before the 1952 Adoption Act, most children born out of wedlock were placed in foster care, "boarded out" or informally adopted. After passage of the Act, children were put up for formal adoption. Consent was improperly induced or forcibly obtained and documents, including illegal birth registrations, were falsified on a large scale. Furthermore, there were cases of intercountry adoptions, in particular to the United States of America, which often resulted from the same illegal practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The sale of children for the purpose of forced labour in domestic work is a widespread phenomenon. Domestic work can amount to a form of forced labour, depending on the nature of the employment relationship, which can make children heavily dependent on their employer. That type of employment relationship leads to ambiguous informal arrangements and a lack of clear contractual conditions, which paves the way for dependency, abuse and harmful working conditions. Among child domestic workers, live-in workers are the most exploited. Over 17 million children are engaged in domestic work, of which almost two thirds are estimated to be in child labour, either because they are below the legal minimum working age or working in conditions which represent the worst forms of child labour. Most of them are girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Due to the control their employers exercise over them, children sold for the purpose of forced labour are particularly vulnerable to violence and abuse. For example, child labour in domestic work makes children vulnerable to sexual violence and abuse, as well as beatings and degrading treatment. Children, in particular girls, involved in forced labour in manufacturing, such as the garment industry, are often victims of sexual violence. In armed conflict, systematic sexual violence and enslavement is often a daily reality for girls (see A/HRC/32/CRP.2).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Reports on the garment industry have also demonstrated the extensive use of forced labour involving children in factories, amounting to slavery-like practices. Child labour is facilitated by the close relationship between employers and parents, who often come from the same village. A system of work in spinning mills was found to involve young women and girls, who are only paid at the end of their three-year contract. They do not get paid if they leave, a situation amounting to forced labour and debt bondage. Products made from such labour feed the global retail market, driven by multinational companies in search of lower prices to respond to consumer demand.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The sexual exploitation of girls, who constitute the majority of victims, is rooted in gender discrimination. Patriarchal structures that promote male sexual domination and do not condemn the commercialization of girls and women are a fundamental underlying level of the demand factor. Culturally imposed feminine gender stereotypes also contribute to the sexual exploitation of women and girls by placing them in the role of serving males, negating women's and girls' ability to make decisions regarding their own sexual and reproductive life and making them prime targets for sexual violence. Likewise, the commodification of the female body reinforces the notion of its consumption, which can be extended to girls by offenders. Gender stereotypes around masculinity also adversely affect boys, with little attention given to their possible vulnerability to sexual exploitation. Boys who are victims of sexual exploitation are consequently much less likely to be able to report a rights violation and to receive care.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- A report by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic describes how Yazidi women and girls were sold by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in slave markets, through auctions and sometimes as groups to be resold individually. In the last year, ISIL fighters have started to hold online slave auctions with pictures and personal details of captured women and girls. The fighters, and sometimes their wives, regularly engage Yazidi women and girls in forced domestic labour, in addition to inflicting systematic sexual violence. Yazidi men and boys over the age of puberty are also engaged in forced labour by ISIL in tasks including construction work, digging trenches and looking after cattle (see A/HRC/32/CRP.2).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination on the basis of age, gender and ethnicity and caste also increases the vulnerability of children to being sold for the purpose of forced labour. With limited exceptions, forced labour victims are much younger than those freely employed. Gender primarily affects the type of exploitation to which children are vulnerable. The sale of children for forced labour in domestic work or for servile marriage mainly affects girls. They respond to common perceptions that girls will be safe and protected and, in the case of domestic work, prepared for married life. Other forms of forced labour, such as forced begging, chiefly involve boys.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The notion of paedophilia is complex and there are several varying definitions. The definition used by the World Health Organization is slightly broader than others; it is "a sexual preference for children, boys or girls or both, usually of prepubertal or early pubertal age". The medical condition is often widely used to characterize any adult who has sexual intercourse with a minor, yet the definitions above indicate that the general consensus is that a paedophile has a preference for young children. Furthermore, offenders are considered to be paedophiles if they are at least 16 years old and 5 years older than their victims. Different subgroups have been identified among paedophiles, ranging from fixated to regressed and aggressive. A fixated offender will go to great lengths to reach a child and is often associated with such methods as grooming. Regressed offenders, on the other hand, often require facilitators before acting and will target unknown victims. Aggressive offenders also derive their sexual gratification from the sense of power and control they feel by inflicting pain on the child.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Various recent and ongoing events have shed light on the relevance of the issue in current conflicts. After the kidnapping of over 200 schoolgirls in Chibok, Nigeria, in 2014 by Boko Haram, the armed group announced it would "sell" them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- At this intermediate level of the demand, there is a much more significant presence of women. Indeed, according to recent figures on trafficking from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 28 per cent of persons convicted for trafficking in persons were women and that proportion rose to 38 per cent for those having entered into contact with the criminal justice system. Female traffickers were more frequently involved in the trafficking of girls and in particular in recruitment for sexual exploitation. Women are strongly represented among facilitators, since a key element of that role in the demand process is to build a relationship of trust and lure children into sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The overwhelming majority of forced labour consists of labour exploitation. The latest global estimate concludes that a total of 20.9 million persons are victims of forced labour, of which 5.5 million (26 per cent), are children. Women and girls represent the greater share of the total: 11.4 million (55 per cent).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Research shows that girls account for the majority of documented victims of sexual exploitation. However, the fact that boys are also victims cannot be disregarded. Similarly, children who identify as transgender are extremely vulnerable to sexual exploitation. In the United States of America, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex youth are disproportionately represented in runaway and homeless youth programmes and child welfare systems and 42 per cent of them have been sexually exploited. A 2006 study in Cambodia found that 80 per cent of interviewed victims of street-based sexual exploitation were male. In Taiwan Province of China, the number of boys being prostituted discovered through social networking sites peaked in 2008. In Ethiopia, a study revealed that male children are specifically targeted for prostitution on the basis of the belief that anal intercourse is less likely to transmit HIV/AIDS. A recent study in the United Kingdom found that one third of children accessing specialist sexual exploitation services were male.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- A number of risk factors increase children's vulnerability and place them at higher risk of being sold and trafficked to meet the demand for sex with children. They include being female, aged between 12 and 18, belonging to an ethnic minority, living in a rural area, lacking education, having a disability, inadequate family protection, living in extreme poverty and having migrated. The general trends and patterns of sale, trafficking and sexual exploitation of children include increased control of trafficking routes and destinations by criminal organizations, which benefit from increased migration movements; the enhanced role of new technologies in marketing children for sexual exploitation, including through new forms of exploitation such as the online streaming of sexual exploitation (A/HRC/28/56, paras. 42-43); the normalization of prostitution as a legitimate business in tourism and entertainment; and the wide-scale migration of women and girls for domestic and entertainment work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Gender-based discrimination and inequalities also play a large role in the propagation of sexual exploitation of children, in particular girls and children who identify as transgender. Sexual exploitation of girls is often rooted in patriarchal structures that promote male sexual domination and do not condemn the commercialization of girls and women. Culturally imposed feminine gender stereotypes also contribute to sexual exploitation of women and girls by placing them in the role of serving males, negating their ability to make decisions regarding their own sexual and reproductive life and making them prime targets for sexual violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Helplines are invaluable in detecting and reporting abuse but also helping meet the right of the child to be heard and express his or her concerns. Child Helpline International is a global network of 179 child helplines in 143 countries covering all regions of the world. It is contacted approximately 14 million times by children each year. Europe accounted for most calls, which reflects knowledge of the helplines, the ability of children to easily access technology and the readiness of society to discuss those issues publicly. The Childline service developed by Childline India Foundation is another good example of child helplines. Globally, most calls came from girls, which shows that girls are more likely to be victims of exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will adopt a child-centred approach in the implementation of her mandate. All activities will be developed incorporating the principles and rights enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children will be treated as rights holders, and not as passive recipients, victims or dependants. The Special Rapporteur will use child participation mechanisms to establish a direct relationship with children to take into account their suggestions in an effective and meaningful way. She will integrate a gender perspective into her work, taking into account the different needs and opportunities of boys and girls through, inter alia, the collection and analysis of disaggregated data and the proposal of gender-specific recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Care, recovery and reintegration programmes must incorporate a gender perspective, taking into account the different needs and opportunities of boys, girls and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex children. While emphasis is often placed on female child victims, there is a growing need for assistance and protection of boys and children who identify as transgender and therefore also a need to establish specialized care, recovery and reintegration programmes for those children. For instance, in the United States, the Department of Justice Office for Victims of Crime supports the development of specialized services for boys and men as well as programmes for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons to ensure that their needs are met and that they are identified as victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 88c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States:] To conduct research on the effects of sexual exploitation and related sale and trafficking on girls, boys and transgender child victims as well as on the effects of sexual exploitation facilitated by information and communication technologies to inform specialized care, recovery and reintegration programmes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- It seems that girls are more likely to be at risk of grooming than boys. Most victims of grooming tend to be post-pubescent, partly because groomers play on the fact that children who are going through puberty are interested in sex. Group-localized grooming can lead to trafficking in children by offenders within the locality of child victims. Such trafficking is often facilitated through new technologies, particularly mobile telephones.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Girls who are sexually exploited may also give birth to children whom they are either forced to abandon or give up for adoption, or the children may be used as leverage by their pimps or traffickers. Many keep their children and attempt to raise them on their own. A few organizations serving child victims of sexual exploitation provide childcare services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Socioeconomic support, including financial assistance, is as important as education; employment and the ability to earn a livelihood should be viewed as the goal. In Bulgaria, a job skills training programme for Roma girls who were trafficked helped three quarters of them to find a job. In Nepal, eight rehabilitation centres provided victims of trafficking with skills as well as seed money to start a small business.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will integrate a gender perspective throughout her work, as mandated by resolution 7/13. She considers that sensitivity to the ways in which the phenomena of the sale and sexual exploitation of children affects boys and girls differently is essential for proposing effective recommendations. In this respect, she will take into consideration the gender dimension of sexual exploitation which, according to available data, disproportionately affects girls. The Special Rapporteur will take into account the different needs and opportunities of boys and girls through, among other things, the collection and analysis of disaggregated data and propose gender-specific recommendations for their care and recovery.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The 2012 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime indicates that detected cases of child trafficking represented 27 per cent of human trafficking in 2007-2010, up from 20 per cent in 2003-2006. In recent years, the increase has been greater for girls. Between 2006 and 2009, the proportion of girls in the number of total victims has grown from 13 to 17 per cent. Two out of every three child victims are girls. Although trends are not homogenous globally, the report finds that more than 20 countries recorded a clear increase in the proportion of child trafficking detected in the period 2007-2010 compared with the period 2003-2006. Significantly, in Africa and the Middle East, over two thirds of the detected victims of trafficking are children. Globally, trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation represents 58 per cent of the total number of detected cases.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- All forms of abuse, violence and exploitation have serious short- and long-term physical, psychological and social effects, not only for the girls and boys who are the direct victims, but also for their families and communities. Victims of sexual violence are at high risk of unwanted pregnancy and of contracting HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. In their daily lives, they are confronted with social stigma, family rejection, psychological stress and depression. Images of sexually exploited children circulated online will never disappear, which has a devastating effect on victims. The development of responses and care for victims, including reparation and rehabilitation, needs to address these consequences.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Child marriage remains widespread in many countries, despite the adoption of domestic legal frameworks forbidding it. Child marriage is rooted in unequal gender status and power relations in society. In many cases, it can be regarded as a form of sale of children. The requirement to provide a dowry for younger girls can be an incentive for parents to arrange to marry their daughters at an early age. Child marriage can be used as a means to settle family debts or provide economic security to families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- In Latvia, the Special Rapporteur visited the Ilguciems Prison for women and girls. She praised the methodology employed by the caretakers at this centre, where she witnessed a child-rights approach to the care, rehabilitation and follow-up of the girls. The social rehabilitation programmes implemented include measures to encourage forward-looking thinking and to prepare the girls for discharge and reintegration into society through acquiring and developing basic skills.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- A gender perspective highlights the fact that boys and girls face different types of risks. Girls often face discrimination in accessing social services. In many societies, the right of girls to education is compromised owing to their unequal status, depriving them of an important protective element. Gender-based violence is a common feature across societies and is exacerbated in times of conflict and crisis. The sexual exploitation of girls has become a weapon of war, making victims subject to stigmatization and marginalization within their own communities. Boys are not immune to abuse. The exploitation of boys, including for prostitution, is often taboo, especially where homosexual relations are concerned, making prevention strategies even more difficult.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Child Wise Tourism programme is Child Wise's longest running overseas programme operating across South-East Asia. The goal of the project is to support regional Governments, tourism authorities and police to take the lead in establishing policy and practices which prevent child sex tourism and other forms of child sexual exploitation. It also aims to ensure a protective environment for children in tourism destinations, which assists in preventing child sex tourism. Over the last 12 years, Child Wise has implemented the programme in Thailand, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cambodia, Viet Nam, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia. It has fostered action through a country-specific approach that is grounded in unified regional goals enabling regional level comparison, cooperation and collaboration. Stakeholders have come together in regional education campaigns, forums, meetings and follow-ups to work to ensure the sustainability of programmes to prevent child sex tourism in the region. In October 2010, ECPAT Netherlands, Plan Nederland, the travel agents TUI Netherlands, the Dutch Association of Travel Agents and Tour Operators (ANVR), Fly Brazil, the travel agents Travel Counsellors, Plan Brazil, RESPOSTA and the World Childhood Foundation Brazil embarked on a three-year project offering vocational training to girls, motivating the tourism sector, reminding the Dutch and Brazilian authorities of their duties, raising awareness amongst travellers and providing training for travel professionals. IBCR, in collaboration with Fundación Paniomor and with the support of World Vision Canada, is beginning a new project in Costa Rica, which will aim to improve collaboration and the prosecution of these kinds of crimes against children. Moreover, the project will focus on working directly with children, families and communities of the most affected areas in Costa Rica, providing information, tools and the creation of a support network for the victims of this exploitation. Adolescents will receive information about the mechanisms of self-protection and income-generating alternatives to commercial sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Children living and working on the street lack the protective environment to counter potential traffickers and exploiters and may be forced into exploitative situations, including for survival. Girls belonging to gangs can be subject to sexual violence and exploitation by male gang members. Child labourers, particularly girls engaged in domestic work, are vulnerable to exploitation. Child migrants, especially children migrating on their own, are easy prey to traffickers. Furthermore, when migrating to new places, children and families often leave behind social support networks, which provide protection. Children in institutions are also at increased risk. In many countries, institutions are neither registered nor monitored, making children particularly vulnerable to abuse and exploitation without access to a remedy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- A number of social practices are rooted in discrimination against women. Child marriage is entrenched in social and gender norms that significantly affect the well-being of girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph