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SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2013, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The goal of universal ratification was also incorporated in the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons and in the Roadmap for Achieving the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour by 2016.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to social security (Art. 9) 2007, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The right to social security plays an important role in supporting the realization of many of the rights in the Covenant, but other measures are necessary to complement the right to social security. For example, States parties should provide social services for rehabilitation of the injured and persons with disabilities in accordance with article 6 of the Covenant, provide child care and welfare, advice and assistance with family planning and the provision of special facilities for persons with disabilities and older persons (article 10); take measures to combat poverty and social exclusion and provide supporting social services (article 11); and adopt measures to prevent disease and improve health facilities, goods and services (article 12). States parties should also consider schemes that provide social protection to individuals belonging to disadvantaged and marginalized groups, for example crop or natural disaster insurance for small farmers or livelihood protection for self-employed persons in the informal economy. However, the adoption of measures to realize other rights in the Covenant will not in itself act as a substitute for the creation of social security schemes.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 7. (2) (e)
- Paragraph text
- [Each Member shall, taking into account the importance of education in eliminating child labour, take effective and time-bound measures to:] (e) take account of the special situation of girls.
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 7. (2) (d)
- Paragraph text
- [Each Member shall, taking into account the importance of education in eliminating child labour, take effective and time-bound measures to:] (d) identify and reach out to children at special risk; and
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Migrant women who live and work temporarily in another country should be permitted the same rights as men to have their spouses, partners and children join them.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1994
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 125
- Paragraph text
- The accountability of States is equally important to set a clear regulatory framework for the activities of corporations and to support businesses to meet their responsibilities in the safeguard of children's rights, throughout their operations, at home and abroad.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The principal responsibility of States in such cases is to protect the children concerned. When there is evidence that the majority of children to be found begging have been trafficked or are being subjected to either forced labour or a practice similar to slavery, the relevant Government authority with appropriate child protection expertise should consider what response is appropriate, notably whether it should involve discouraging children of a certain age from begging, making it a criminal offence to profit from a child's begging or discouraging the public from donating money to child beggars in some or all circumstances. When trafficked children are reported to be moved from one State to a neighbouring State, it would be in the best interests of the children concerned for the various States involved to harmonize their responses, so that traffickers cannot simply move on, accompanied by the children they exploit, to take advantage of different laws and regulations in a neighbouring State.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- A number of sources have reported that children are subjected to contemporary slavery in Ghanaian fisheries by "fisher-entrepreneurs" or middlemen who take them far from their homes to work in fisheries. Recruiters reportedly deceive families with promises of educational opportunities in exchange for a few hours of work each day. Children are also often promised cash or in-kind payments for their labour, such as a cow for boys or a sewing machine for girls. Parents may be offered an advance for their child's work, thus placing the child in a situation of debt bondage. Lake Volta is a popular destination for child slaves, as fishery resources have been depleted and children are considered cheap sources of labour. Tasks in the fishing sector are gendered: boys paddle canoes, pull in nets and carry fish; girls sort, pack and transport fish; and both boys and girls are often tasked with deep-water diving to clear entangled nets. Children usually work six to seven days a week, at least 12 hours a day, and fishing expeditions can last for many days. These children are exposed to dangerous working conditions, long hours, sexual and physical abuse, and even death due to drowning, snake bites or physical abuse at the hands of boat or equipment owners.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Some parents take out loans against their children's labour. Other parents sell their children and, upon their arrival in the mines, the children are charged exorbitant prices for their transportation to the mines, food and tools by the employer or middleman. In both these instances, the children are often unable to leave the mines or quarries until they have paid off the debt owed to the middleman or employer. In majority of the cases, children become bonded as a result of their parents' debt. Bonded labour is prohibited under the 1956 Supplementary Convention. Many children report not being able to save or even earn enough money to send back home. This results in them being unable to leave their situation until their debt is paid. In 2010, the Special Rapporteur received information that Bangladeshi and Nepali children were being purchased by middlemen or abducted and sold by gangs to mining employers in India. The price of the child varied from 50-75 USD. According to the information received, the children are forced to work to pay off their debt. The middlemen bring both boys and girls to work in the mines. The girls living and working in the mines are often sexually abused by adult mine workers and employers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The immediate level of demand covers those who directly exploit children through transactions for the purpose of forced labour. They turn to intermediaries or traffickers to find and recruit victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. (d)
- Paragraph text
- The intent of engaging the child in forced labour is sufficient for the offence to be identified as such, even if the exploitation has not actually occurred.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. (a)
- Paragraph text
- The act of selling the child that materializes with a form of transaction in which the person(s) offering the child obtain(s) a gain (remuneration or any other consideration) and the person(s) receiving the child expect(s) some benefit through exploitation of the child;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Following an analysis of relevant concepts, it can be inferred that the crime of the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour includes the following elements:
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Acknowledging the debates regarding the use of the term "child sex tourist", the term "tourism" is to include any form of travel, whether short or long term, for business or for leisure, including long-term residential stays.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- The tourism and travel industry - airline companies, hotels and other services used by travelers - is an important partner in the prevention of child sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Child participation also refers to a way of working that gives children, including those most marginalized and those of different ages and abilities, the opportunity to participate on an informed and willing basis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Once on the street, children are vulnerable to all forms of exploitation and abuse. Girls who belong to gangs are subject to violence and sexual exploitation by male gang members.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- It is important to analyse the causal links between social standards and the sale and exploitation of children in order to better understand and address them. "Social standards" encompass the rules of conduct and models of behaviour defined by society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- A target on providing social protection to reduce the vulnerabilities of the poor, including marginalized groups, including migrants, is essential. Indicators could include the proportion of migrants with access to, and cross-border portability of, earned social benefits (e.g. pensions). Under article 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, States recognize the right of everyone to social security. In its general comment No. 19, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights defined the right to social security as encompassing "the right to access and maintain benefits, whether in cash or in kind, without discrimination in order to secure protection, inter alia, from (a) lack of work-related income caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member; (b) unaffordable access to health care; (c) insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependents". It went on to say that "the right to social security includes the right not to be subject to arbitrary and unreasonable restrictions of existing social security coverage, whether obtained publicly or privately, as well as the right to equal enjoyment of adequate protection from social risks and contingencies".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The living conditions of migrants housed by their employers, described above, fully applies to undocumented migrants in similar conditions. Indeed, because of their legal status, undocumented migrants are more likely to find themselves in this kind of working arrangement. Moreover, they are on many occasions subject to exploitative working conditions. Lacking formal recognition in the country of destination, undocumented migrants are unaccounted for and can often become victims of trafficking and slavery-like conditions. Cases have been widely reported of migrants whose employers steal their passports or national identity cards and force them to work and live in sweatshops, where they are housed in small overcrowded rooms and barred from leaving the premises. For example, in Argentina, migrants from neighbouring countries and their children have been found locked up and sleeping in small storerooms in the clandestine cloth factories in which they worked. It is worth recalling the responsibility of States to protect migrants who become trafficking victims from these hideous practices, as well as to prosecute and sanction the perpetrators and provide redress to the victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4) 2016, para. 115
- Paragraph text
- The Committee encourages all of the above stakeholders to share good practices in relation to the content of the general comment.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4) 2016, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- States parties should translate the general comment into relevant languages and make child appropriate versions available.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4) 2016, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The obligation imposed on States parties by article 4 to realize children's economic, social and cultural rights "to the maximum extent" also means that they should not take deliberate retrogressive measures in relation to economic, social and cultural rights. States parties should not allow the existing level of enjoyment of children's rights to deteriorate. In times of economic crisis, regressive measures may only be considered after assessing all other options and ensuring that children are the last to be affected, especially children in vulnerable situations. States parties shall demonstrate that such measures are necessary, reasonable, proportionate, non-discriminatory and temporary and that any rights thus affected will be restored as soon as possible. States parties should take appropriate measures so that the groups of children who are affected, and others with knowledge about those children's situation, participate in the decision-making process related to such measures. The immediate and minimum core obligations imposed by children's rights shall not be compromised by any retrogressive measures, even in times of economic crisis.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
General Measures of Implementation of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- In its reporting guidelines and in the consideration of States parties' reports, the Committee has paid much attention to the identification and analysis of resources for children in national and other budgets. No State can tell whether it is fulfilling children's economic, social and cultural rights "to the maximum extent of … available resources", as it is required to do under article 4, unless it can identify the proportion of national and other budgets allocated to the social sector and, within that, to children, both directly and indirectly. Some States have claimed it is not possible to analyse national budgets in this way. But others have done it and publish annual "children's budgets". The Committee needs to know what steps are taken at all levels of Government to ensure that economic and social planning and decision-making and budgetary decisions are made with the best interests of children as a primary consideration and that children, including in particular marginalized and disadvantaged groups of children, are protected from the adverse effects of economic policies or financial downturns.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2003
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- States must adopt specific measures that take account of the involvement of the private sector in service delivery to ensure the rights enumerated in the Convention are not compromised. They have an obligation to set standards in conformity with the Convention and closely monitor them. Inadequate oversight, inspection and monitoring of these bodies can result in serious violations of children's rights such as violence, exploitation and neglect. They must ensure that such provision does not threaten children's access to services on the basis of discriminatory criteria, especially under the principle of protection from discrimination, and that, for all service sectors, children have access to an independent monitoring body, complaints mechanisms and, where relevant, to judicial recourse that can provide them with effective remedies in case of violations. The Committee recommends that there should be a permanent monitoring mechanism or process aimed at ensuring that all non-State service providers have in place and apply policies, programmes and procedures which are in compliance with the Convention.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The girl child 1998, para. c
- Paragraph text
- [Actions to be taken by Governments, international organizations and the private sector:] Pay special attention to girls in the informal sector, such as domestic workers, and develop measures to protect their human rights and fundamental freedoms and prevent their economic exploitation, ill-treatment and sexual abuse;
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 1998
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 7. (2) (a)
- Paragraph text
- [Each Member shall, taking into account the importance of education in eliminating child labour, take effective and time-bound measures to:] (a) prevent the engagement of children in the worst forms of child labour;
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 3 (b)
- Paragraph text
- [For the purposes of this Convention, the term the worst forms of child labour comprises:] (b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 52g
- Paragraph text
- [Accordingly, we resolve to pursue, among others, the following global targets and actions for mobilizing resources for children:] Explore new ways of generating public and private financial resources, inter alia, through the reduction of excessive military expenditures and the arms trade and investment in arms production and acquisition, including global military expenditures, taking into consideration national security requirements;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 44.34
- Paragraph text
- [To achieve these goals, we will implement the following strategies and actions:] Take appropriate steps to assist one another in the elimination of the worst forms of child labour through enhanced international cooperation and/or assistance, including support for social and economic development, poverty eradication programmes and universal education.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph