A/HRC/44/51 and governments to endorse principles and take concrete actions to help close the gender gap, including the setting of targets and quotas. Valuing paid care and domestic work After a finding of historic gender-based undervaluation of the sector and following sustained campaigning by unions, workers and community organizations, wages were increased in the care sector, setting new minimum rates of pay for workers. The decision resulted in wage increases of between 19 and 41 per cent for care workers. Spurred by the ratification of the ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), by 11 countries in Latin America, efforts have been made to ensure that domestic workers are covered under minimum wage provisions equalizing domestic worker pay with other workers. Some countries in the region are also encouraging collective bargaining in the sector to improve pay and conditions. A number of member States of the European Union have introduced incentives to encourage the formal employment of domestic workers by using income tax deductions and tax credits along with a strong regulatory framework to increase the levels of formal employment in domestic work. Increasing men’s participation in female-dominated areas Non-profit organizations in a country in Western Europe are working to recruit men into the social care industry, particularly in housing, care for the elderly and social work with vulnerable families, through a recruitment campaign in schools and colleges, as well as targeting veterans. Ensuring all women workers can enjoy their rights, without discrimination, including informal workers 50. A key concern for women’s enjoyment of human rights in the changing world of work is the growth of non-standard forms of employment, through increased subcontracting and use of on-demand labour, platform work, temporary contracts, self-employment, variable hour contracts, zero-hour contracts and other casual work. 30 While new forms of work may provide women a route out of more vulnerable and arduous forms of informal work, such as family work in agriculture or street vending, job insecurity, low pay and lack of access to social protection will continue to entrench economic insecurity and structural discrimination at work for many women. Work undertaken by women at the bottom of the supply chain, for example as agricultural workers in plantations, is often hazardous, and exposes them to harmful chemicals and poor conditions. Much of this work, particularly microtask work done by women, is also often hidden and invisible, increasing the risk of exploitation. 51. Realizing women’s human rights in the changing world of work requires workers in new forms of work to have access to human rights. There is an urgent need to extend rights and entitlements to all workers, with a focus on women informal workers, including paid sick leave, annual leave, working time limits and rights to health and safety at work. In some contexts, access to menstrual leave is an important enabler of women’s access to decent work. 52. Paid domestic work is a very important and expanding source of wage employment for women, but the majority of it is informal and poor quality, with high risks of abuse and violence. Similarly, waste picking is an important source of income for women in some countries and contributes to environmental sustainability. However, women workers who engage in these forms of work are too often denied basic labour rights and are vulnerable to discrimination, stigma, harassment and violence. Furthermore, ensuring the rights of women informal workers in agriculture, including equal ownership of and control over land 30 14 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Employment Outlook 2019: The Future of Work (Paris, 2019).