1998 (Executive Committee—49th Session) (x) Encourages States, which have not already done so, to consider developing the legal framework to give effect at the national level to a right to family unity for all refugees, taking into account the human rights of the refugees and their families; Composite flows and facilitation of return (y) Emphasizes that outflows of people may include refugees and persons not in need of or not entitled to international protection and, therefore, notes that making a proper and careful differentiation between the two groups is of paramount importance for the identification of any protection needs which would make return inappropriate; (z) Reaffirms the fundamental right of all people to leave and to return to their own countries, as well as the obligation of States to receive back their own nationals, and remains seriously concerned, as regards the return of persons not in need of international protection, that some countries continue to restrict the return of their nationals, either outright or through laws and practices which effectively block expeditious return; (aa) Stresses that, as regards the return to a third country of an asylum-seeker whose claim has yet to be determined from the territory of the country where the claim has been submitted, including pursuant to bilateral or multilateral readmission agreements, it should be established that the third country will treat the asylumseeker (asylum-seekers) in accordance with accepted international standards, will ensure effective protection against refoulement, and will provide the asylum-seeker (asylum-seekers) with the possibility to seek and enjoy asylum; (bb) Deeply deplores the use of those practices for the return of asylum-seekers and persons not in need of international protection which seriously endanger their physical safety and reiterates in this regard that, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned, returns should be undertaken in a humane manner and in full respect for their human rights and dignity and without resort to excessive force; Detention of asylum-seekers (cc) Recalls Article 31 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and reaffirms Conclusion No. 44 (XXXVII) on the detention of refugees and asylum-seekers; (dd) Deplores that many countries continue routinely to detain asylum-seekers (including minors) on an arbitrary basis, for unduly prolonged periods, and without giving them adequate access to UNHCR and to fair procedures for timely review of their detention status; notes that such detention practices are inconsistent with established human rights standards and urges States to explore more actively all feasible alternatives to detention; (ee) Notes with concern that asylum-seekers detained only because of their illegal entry or presence are often held together with persons detained as common criminals, and reiterates that this is undesirable and must be avoided whenever possible, and that asylum-seekers shall not be located in areas where their physical safety is in danger; Durable solutions (ff) Urges States, particularly countries of origin of refugees, resolutely to cooperate at the bilateral, regional and universal levels to address the underlying causes of refugee flows, both in a preventive and curative manner, and to facilitate just and lasting solutions; (gg) Recalls Conclusion No. 62 (XLI) which states that voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement, that is, the traditional solutions for refugees, all remain viable and important responses to refugee situations, even while voluntary repatriation is the preeminent solution; (hh) Calls upon countries of origin, countries of asylum, UNHCR, and the international community to take all necessary measures to enable refugees to exercise freely their right to return to their homes in safety and dignity; (ii) Emphasizes the importance of reconciliation for facilitating and ensuring the durability of return, and calls upon States and all other actors, including the refugees themselves, to cooperate willingly and generously in all initiatives undertaken to bring lasting peace and justice to reintegrating communities; (jj) Reaffirms the continuing importance of resettlement as an instrument of protection and an element of burden-sharing; calls on UNHCR to continue to work with resettlement countries to improve the efficiency and timely provision of resettlement opportunities for those where resettlement is the appropriate solution; encourages States which have not already offered resettlement opportunities to refugees, and which are capable of doing so, to join in offering such opportunities, and calls on States and UNHCR to pay particular attention to 129