A/79/334 environments for the development of durable solutions and full respect for human rights without discrimination. 39. In many peace processes, there is a balance to be struck between the short -term compromises necessary to achieve a peace agreement and end violence as soon as possible and the need to address more contentious issues related to justice and accountability, including for human rights violations and arbitrary displacement. However, favouring the former over the latter may jeopardize the long -term viability of any agreement, as peace agreements that excessively ignore or postpone the demands of justice may help to achieve conflict reduction in the short run, but rarely avoid controversy or succeed in silencing those demands in the long run, thus creating unstable situations. 29 40. The prevalence of weak, ineffective or corrupt governance institutions, or of institutions that are not seen as representative of the entire population, can be a key driver of violence and displacement. Such institutions – in particular those in the security sector – may have actively participated in or enabled human rights violations affecting civilians before or during periods of conflict, or they may have been unwilling or unable to prevent such violations from being perpetrated by other actors. As a result, they may have lost legitimacy in the eyes of internally displaced persons and other victims of human rights violations. Reforming or rebuilding those institutions is crucial to preventing the recurrence of future atrocities and promoting reconciliation and should be a focus of early post-conflict reconstruction efforts. Measures for doing so can include establishing a transitional administration, holding a constitutional referendum and convening elections. It is crucial to ensure that internally displaced persons enjoy the civil and political rights necessary to participate fully in those processes, including the right to vote and take part in elections. Political participation without discrimination is crucial to peace, recovery and long-term development for societies emerging from conflict, as is the integration or re-integration of internally displaced persons as equal rights holders. 41. Law and policy reform may also be essential to addressing the root causes of violence and preventing further displacement. For example, in cases where housing, land and property grievances had led to conflict, implementing land governance reforms, strengthening legal frameworks to protect housing, land and property rights and implementing land dispute resolution mechanisms could protect rights, address inequalities and mitigate future grievances and instability. Such reforms could also contribute to State transformation by establishing or re-establishing trust among citizens and in the ability of State institutions to uphold human rights. 42. Transitional justice mechanisms should address the full set of issues relevant to internally displaced persons and to enabling durable solutions to their displacement. Those issues include protection, access to justice, housing, land and property matters, social cohesion and clarification of the fate and whereabouts of missing relatives. Inequalities or ineffective governance related to those areas are often at the heart of conflicts, and it is often the people whose rights in those areas are less effec tively protected who experience arbitrary displacement during conflicts. Strengthening governance in those areas as part of transitional justice processes is critical to prevent the recurrence of human rights violations and ensure durable solutions. 43. Humanitarian, development and peace actors should coordinate their efforts throughout the response to conflict, as well as during the transition from risk -based approaches to protection deployed during crises to comprehensive human rights based approaches that enable sustainable peace. Absent dedicated efforts in that regard, there is a risk of different actors remaining siloed in their language, mandates __________________ 29 12/24 Louise Mallinder and Ron Slye, “Rethinking peace and justice”, Institute for Integrated Transitions, 2021. 24-15773