A/79/334 conflict reconstruction and remedies. Peace agreements should include clear and consistent definitions related to internal displacement, incorporate displacement specific rights and protections, specify the roles and obligations of relevant actors towards internally displaced persons and address the implementation process, including the participation of internally displaced persons therein. 16 14. The Brookings Institution-University of Bern Project on Internal Displacement, in its report entitled Addressing Internal Displacement in Peace Processes, Peace Agreements and Peace-Building, draws upon case studies and good practices to examine how internally displaced persons and their concerns can be integrated in peace processes, how peace agreements can effectively address internal displacement and how peacebuilding work can mainstream internal displacement considerations; recommendations are also made to various stakeholders to strengthen inclusion of internal displacement across those areas. The report is complemented by a “peacemaker’s toolkit”, which provides practical guidance to mediators on how to integrate internal displacement issues into peace negotiations and peace agreements and engage internally displaced persons themselves in peace processes. 17 III. Integrating internal displacement into peacebuilding 15. In the present report, the term “peacebuilding” is used to refer to a range of measures targeted at reducing the risk of a lapse or relapse into conflict by strengthening national capacities at all levels for conflict management, while laying the foundations for sustainable peace and development. That definition encompasses mediation, peace negotiations, peace agreements and peace processes. 16. Peacebuilding is necessary in any context where internal displacement occurs, not only where there is an ongoing peace process. It may even be necessary in contexts where the proximate cause of displacement was not related to armed conflict; for example, conflicts may arise between internally displaced persons and host communities over limited resources, regardless of whether the initial displacement was driven by armed conflict, disasters or other factors. 17. Achieving durable solutions entails more than a narrow focus on settlement options (return, local integration or settlement elsewhere) and is, when properly implemented, “a complex process that addresses human rights, humanitarian, development, reconstruction and peacebuilding challenges”. 18 These objectives align with those of most peace agreements. However, peace agreements alone are insufficient to enable durable solutions; stabilization, the rule of law and the return of security are critical to enabling internally displaced persons to en joy freedom of movement and free choice of residence without the prospect of being displaced again. 19 Furthermore, internally displaced persons may have lost trust in State institutions that had failed to protect them; reforms to the national institutional and legal framework may therefore be necessary for them to feel that their displacement has been truly resolved and that the structural factors that had led to their displacement have been addressed sufficiently to prevent future displacement. 18. Although some peace processes have involved proactive efforts to integrate internal displacement considerations, the Special Rapporteur believes that these are the exception rather than the norm. From the submissions received for the present __________________ 16 17 18 19 6/24 Ibid., paras. 21 (d), 50 and 51. Gerard Mc Hugh, Integrating Internal Displacement in Peace Processes and Agreements , The Peacemaker’s Toolkit series, eds. A. Heather Coyne and Nigel Quinney (Washington, D.C., Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement and United States Institute of Peace, 2010). See A/HRC/13/21/Add.4. Ibid. 24-15773