A/HRC/RES/55/22 international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and emphasizes the need to ensure that all those responsible for such violations and abuses are held to account; 2. Welcomes the work and the important role played by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic in supporting essential accountability efforts by investigating all alleged violations and abuses of international human rights law since March 2011 in the Syrian Arab Republic in order to establish the facts and circumstances and to support efforts to ensure that all perpetrators of abuses and violations, which may include those responsible for crimes against humanity and war crimes, are identified and held accountable, demands that the Syrian authorities cooperate fully with the Human Rights Council and the Commission of Inquiry by granting the Commission immediate, full and unfettered access throughout the Syrian Arab Republic, and urges all States to cooperate with the Commission in the discharge of its mandate; 3. Also welcomes the progress made regarding international accountability and notes the importance of further ongoing proceedings, such as those held in Koblenz, Germany, and efforts by States and internationally mandated institutions, including the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011, to investigate conduct in the Syrian Arab Republic and, where possible, to prosecute crimes committed there in order to bring the truth to light and perpetrators to justice, in this regard notes the landmark conviction and sentencing by a court in Germany, in January 2022, of a former director of the Syrian intelligence service for crimes against humanity as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population in the Syrian Arab Republic, also notes that evidence from the Commission of Inquiry and the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism was used as evidence during the investigation and trial, and recalls the authority of the Security Council to refer the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic to the International Criminal Court; 4. Further welcomes the legal proceedings initiated by Canada and the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the International Court of Justice to hold the Syrian Arab Republic accountable for torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of its own people and for breaches of its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, urges the Syrian regime to immediately implement the order of the Court of 16 November 2023 indicating provisional measures, including that it take all measures within its power to prevent acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and ensure that its officials or persons subject to its control do not commit any such acts, as well as effective measures to prevent the destruction and ensure the preservation of related evidence, and acknowledges the reliable and credible reporting of the Commission of Inquiry referenced by the Court in its order and in the legal proceedings initiated by Canada and the Kingdom of the Netherlands; 5. Calls upon all parties, in particular the Syrian authorities, to maintain rapid, unhindered, safe and sustainable humanitarian access and to ensure that humanitarian assistance reaches its intended recipients, in this regard calls for the vital continuation, for as long as needed, of consent to the cross-border operations at Bab al-Salam and Ra‘i, in addition to Bab al-Hawa, for which there is no equivalent in terms of scope and scale for delivering humanitarian aid and assisting vulnerable Syrians and survivors of the earthquakes, and calls upon all parties to facilitate immediate, rapid, unhindered and sustained humanitarian access, including cross-line access, to all parts of the Syrian Arab Republic; 6. Demands that all parties to the conflict comply with their applicable obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law and facilitate, and do not hinder, full, timely, immediate, unrestricted and safe humanitarian access, and notes that humanitarian aid must be delivered on the basis of need; 7. Deeply deplores the fact that the civilian population continues to bear the brunt of the conflict and that civilians, and objects indispensable to their survival, continue to be the target of deliberate and indiscriminate attacks, including with prohibited weapons and 4