• Review national legislation in order to effect addresses sufficiently the multiple forms of violence against women; complete legal prohibition of rape and all forms of violence against women and girls, such as domestic violence, including rape, and to ensure that legislation that protects women and girls from violence is effectively implemented; • Take all appropriate measures to develop an inte- grated and comprehensive legislative framework that addresses sufficiently the multiple forms of violence against women; • Criminalize all forms of trafficking in women and • Promote, where necessary, the harmonization of girls for the purposes of sexual exploitation and penalize all traffickers; local legislation that penalizes acts of violence against women; • Take steps to enable women who are victims of • Provide adequate infrastructure and support trafficking to make complaints to the police and to be available when required by the criminal justice system, and ensure that during this time women have access to social, medical, financial and legal assistance, and protection, as appropriate; services to respond to the needs of the survivors of violence against women and girls, and to assist towards full recovery and reintegration into society, such as witness protection programmes, restraining order against perpetrators, crisis centres, telephone hotlines, shelters, provisions for economic support and livelihood assistance; • Develop and implement national legislation and • Develop guidelines to ensure appropriate police policies prohibiting harmful customary or traditional practices that are violations of women's and girls' human rights and obstacles to the full enjoyment by women and girls of their human rights and fundamental freedoms; • Establish and support programmes that provide • Ensure that women are safe at work by supporting and prosecutorial responses in cases of violence against women; measures that promote the creation of a workplace environment free from sexual harassment or other violence and encourage all employers to put in place policies designed to eliminate and deal effectively with harassment of women whenever it occurs in the workplace; legal aid and assistance for women and girls bringing complaints relating to gender-based violence through various applicable ways and means, such as non governmental organization support for women with claims relating to violence against women; • Ensure the accountability of relevant law enforce- • Encourage the participation of women in law enforce- ment agencies for implementation of policies to protect women from gender-based violence; ment agencies so as to achieve gender balance. • Investigate, and in accordance with national legisla- E. Research and gender-disaggregated data collection tion, punish all acts of violence against women and girls, including those perpetrated by public officials; • Implement strategies and practical measures, tak- Actions to be taken by Governments: ing account of the Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice adopted by the General Assembly, in its resolution 52/86 of 12 December 1997, and contained in the annex thereto; • Promote coordinated research on violence against women to ensure that it is multidisciplinary and addresses the root factors, including external factors, that encourage trafficking in women and girls for prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation; 3