A/71/205 52. The Special Representative also raised with the Government the issue of detention of children on national security-related charges, including for association with non-State armed groups. The Special Representative visited a juvenile rehabilitation centre in Herat and met children held in detention on security -related charges. In relation to the protection of schools and hospitals, the Special Representative noted with concern the increasing attacks on those facilities. She welcomed the Government’s signature of the Safe Schools Declaration in May 2015, and encouraged the Government to take measures to prevent the military use of schools. She also raised with authorities the practice of bacha bazi, the sexual exploitation and abuse of boys by men in positions of power, including in the Afghan National Security Forces, and emphasized the need to criminalize acts of sexual abuse against children. The Sudan 53. The Special Representative visited the Sudan from 27 to 30 March 2016 to witness the signing of an action plan to end and prevent recruitment and use of children by Government security forces and engage with the Government of the Sudan on the protection of children. The Special Representative witnessed commitment from Government officials and emphasized that it should be demonstrated during the implementation of the action plan. She emphasized that accountability for grave violations should be pursued and underlined that access by the United Nations to conflict-affected areas and populations was critical for the success of the action plan. In addition, the Special Representative was given access to 21 children detained by the National Intelligence Security Services since April and August 2015 for their alleged association with the Justice and Equality Movement. She advocated for continued access by the United Nations to the children and release and reunification with their families. Unfortunately, at the time of writing in July 2016, the children continued to be held in detention far away from their families. Somalia 54. From 16 to 21 July 2016, during her second visit to Somalia, the Special Representative engaged in a high-level dialogue with the Government to assess the implementation of the action plan to end and prevent the recruitment and use and killing and maiming of children by the Somali National Army. The Special Representative urged the authorities to fully implement their action plan , particularly to ensure that no children entered the Army in the context of the integration of regional militia groups. She also engaged with the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) to discuss the vital role it should play in protecting children and raising allegations of violations committed against children by their contingents. 55. The detention of children for their association with Al -Shabaab was identified as a concern during the Special Representative’s previous visit to Somalia in August 2014. The release and handover to child protection actors of children detained in Serendi and Hiil-Walaal and of children captured in Galmudug were steps in the right direction. Nevertheless, the Special Representative remains concerned about the lack of transparency and oversight in the classification of children held on national security charges and the plight of those children classified as high risk. The lack of a clear legal framework for children detained on security charges and the absence of international juvenile justice standards are also significant concerns. 16-12896 13/18