A/70/342 recognize that, in the case of technical and vocational education and training, public-private partnerships have characteristics that are very distinct from those in basic or higher-level education. 127. Regulating public-private partnerships in education is a complex and challenging task and requires strong public institutions and a sound regulatory framework. Regulations must ensure that public-private partnerships in education are harnessed to the broader public interest and reflect the humanistic mission of education. Regulatory frameworks governing publicprivate partnerships in education should be centred on the concept of education as a social good. They should seek to ensure responsible business practices, with effective enforcement in accordance with national education priorities. 128. States must create a comprehensive regulatory framework to control public-private partnerships in education that is prescriptive, prohibitive and punitive. Laws and policies in many countries should be modernized to respond adequately to the challenges of public-private partnerships. 129. Regulations for public-private partnerships in education should be composed broadly of: (a) Screening all private partners engaged in business and pursuing private interests through a controlling environment; (b) Promoting philanthropic spirit; and supporting contributions to education in a (c) Creating an enabling environment to establish partnerships that promote technical and vocational education and training. 130. States, in particular developing countries, must develop innovative modalities for public-private partnerships, harnessed for skills development, to respond to the rising aspirations of young people, with institutionalized collaboration between institutions offering technical and vocational education and training and enterprises. They should also valorize the social esteem of technical and vocational education and training and lay down a legal framework that makes it imperative for industry and institutions offering technical and vocational education and training to collaborate to their mutual advantage. 131. Governments should develop adequate reporting requirements and accountability mechanisms for public-private partnerships in education, so as to ensure the full compliance of private partners with the normative framework of the right to education, along with conditions and standards laid down by Governments. The State has the responsibility to establish an oversight mechanism for public-private partnerships in education and must ensure compliance with its laws. 132. Public authorities, parent-teacher associations, civil society groups and teachers’ unions must closely monitor public-private partnerships in education. Public authorities should carefully review any commercial marketing and advertisement of education and take action in all cases of misleading claims as to quality, or any other fraudulent practices. 15-12538 23/25