A/HRC/56/47 health owing to dietary changes: fewer marine resources, more packaged food and greater consumption of alcohol. 89 Interruptions in the electricity supply in El Bosque, Mexico reportedly impeded access to essential medication, such as insulin for diabetics, exacerbating already existing health conditions.90 Inadequate access to water and sanitation in relocated villages in Chiapas, Mexico reportedly contributed to several cases of typhus fever and infections, exacerbated by the absence of health centres.91 52. Planned relocations can have a negative impact on psychosocial well-being. Relocation from Keta, Ghana in 2003 due to sea level rise led to a drop in well-being and higher anxiety compared to those not yet relocated in nearby Totope. This was attributed to the disruption to livelihoods and community ties, and recurring flooding in the relocation area.92Delayed relocation in El Bosque, Mexico also caused psychological distress and losses post-disaster displacement;93 planned relocation in Sagar Island, India, however, improved well-being for 70 per cent of respondents, who reported increased happiness and satisfaction with environment, housing, economic and food security.94 7. Right to education 53. Relocated residents in Tacloban (Philippines) and Boca de Cachón in Lake Enriquillo (Dominican Republic) enjoyed improved access to education compared to their previous housing sites. 95 In Gardi Sugdub, Panama, youth pursue higher education to support community relocation efforts, and a dedicated school classroom for Guna traditional knowledge and language was included at the new site.96 In San José Montenegro and Rincón Caballar in Chiapas, Mexico, however, limited educational opportunities reportedly force children to relocate to other municipalities to continue their education. 8. Access to livelihoods 54. In the context of climate change and environmental degradation, communities are often moved from areas where they practice land- or water-based livelihoods to inland areas where such activities are difficult or impossible.97 In Cabo Verde, Cameroon and Ghana, communities have reportedly been unable to recreate their traditional livelihoods, which depend on land and natural resources, while alternative livelihoods were scarce.98 Such is not always the case, however; communities relocated within the same geographical area have sometimes been able to maintain their livelihoods, as in Jordan, Monkey River (Belize) and the Mekong Delta (Viet Nam).99 55. People do not always have better access to livelihoods when relocated to cities. Persons relocated to urban Tacloban (Philippines) following Typhoon Haiyan reported that their access to livelihoods and jobs was more difficult than at their previous residences, where they earned income from sea- or coastal-based activities. 100 Others in Ouagadougou and Niamey reportedly struggled to gain access to livelihoods owing to the distance between the relocation site and the city centre; many relocated individuals ended up returning to their original land.101 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 Submission by Yee, Piggott-McKellar and McMichael. Submission by Moreno and Fry. Pérez and Tomaselli, “Indigenous Peoples and climate-induced relocation”. Abu and others, “Social consequences of planned relocation in response to sea level rise”. Submission byf Moreno and Fry. Submission by Stefancu and Adger. Submission by the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines. See also https://kmhub.iom.int/sites/default/files/publicaciones/oim-relocation_report_6.pdf. Submission by Human Rights Watch. Submission by Stefancu and Adger. IOM, Leaving Place, Restoring Home II: A Review of French, Spanish and Portuguese Literature on Planned Relocation in the Context of Hazards, Disasters, and Climate Change (Geneva, 2021). See www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/201705/GMDAC%20S%20Melde%20PPT%20Planned%20relocation%2011%20April%202017.pdf. Submission by the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines. IOM, Leaving Place, Restoring Home II. 13