A/HRC/RES/57/29 communications technology and by encouraging women and girls to embark on careers in the sciences and in information and communications technology, Recalling articles 9 and 21 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which, inter alia, call upon States parties to take appropriate measures to promote access for persons with disabilities to new information and communications technology and systems, including the Internet, Recognizing the concept of Internet universality and in this regard also the Internet universality indicators of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as a possible tool for meaningful connectivity and to bridge digital divides, Noting the importance of building confidence and trust in the Internet, not least with regard to freedom of opinion and expression, privacy and other human rights, so that the potential of the Internet as, inter alia, an enabler for development and innovation can be realized, with full cooperation between Governments, civil society, the private sector, the technical community and academia, Deeply concerned at all human rights violations and abuses committed against persons for exercising their human rights and fundamental freedoms on the Internet and the impunity for these violations and abuses, Recognizing that the use of the Internet has the potential to promote educational and awareness-raising tools against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, while calling attention to the need to address, in a manner that complies with States’ obligations under international human rights law, misinformation and the spread of disinformation that can be designed to incite discrimination, hostility and violence, as well as spread hatred, racism, xenophobia, negative stereotyping and stigmatization, Deeply concerned at measures in violation of international human rights law that aim to or that intentionally prevent or disrupt access to or dissemination of information online, Strongly condemning the use of Internet shutdowns, including the blocking of access to communication platforms, to intentionally and arbitrarily prevent or disrupt access to or dissemination of information online, which is inconsistent with international law, including international human rights law, and stressing the importance of a free, open, interoperable, reliable and secure Internet, Stressing the importance of applying a human rights-based approach when providing and expanding access to the Internet, and of the Internet being open, accessible and nurtured by multi-stakeholder participation, and noting the importance in this regard of the Internet Governance Forum, Considering the key importance of government engagement with all relevant stakeholders, including civil society, the private sector, the technical community and academia, in promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms online, Noting with concern threats to meaningful connectivity that restrict the free flow of information, enable human rights violations and abuses, erode democratic values and threaten freedoms of expression and peaceful assembly and association, including through use of technological tools, such as spyware, including commercial spyware, and other surveillance technologies, Welcoming efforts to support meaningful multi-stakeholder engagement, including the principles and implementation procedures contained in the multistakeholder statement on strengthening Internet governance and digital policy processes adopted by the 10-year review conference of the Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance (NETmundial+10), held in São Paulo, Brazil, on 29 and 30 April 2024, 1. Affirms that the same rights that people have offline must also be protected online, in particular freedom of expression, which is applicable regardless of frontiers and through any media of one’s choice, in accordance with article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; 2. Condemns unequivocally all human rights violations and abuses committed against persons for exercising their human rights and fundamental freedoms on the Internet, 3