A/HRC/RES/32/15 millions of lives every year, and noting with deep concern that, according to the World Health Organization in its World Medicines Situations Report of 2011, at least one third of the world population has no regular access to medicines, while recognizing that the lack of access to medicines is a global challenge that affects people not only developing countries but also in developed countries, even though the disease burden is disproportionately high in developing countries, Concerned at the lack of access to quality, safe, efficacious and affordable medicines for children in appropriate dosage forms, and at problems in the rational use of children’s medicines in many countries, and that, globally, children aged under five years still do not have secure access to medicines for the treatment of pneumonia, tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases, HIV infection and malaria, or medicines for many other infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and rare diseases, Concerned also that the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases constitutes a heavy burden on society, with serious social and economic consequences, which represent a leading threat to human health and development, and recognizing the urgent need to improve accessibility to safe, affordable, efficacious and quality medicines and technologies to diagnose and treat non-communicable diseases, to strengthen viable financing options, and to promote the use of affordable medicines, including generics, as well as improved access to preventive, curative, palliative and rehabilitative services, particularly at the community level, Expressing deep concern at recent outbreaks of highly infectious pathogens with epidemic potential, which demonstrate the potential vulnerability of populations to them, and in this context reaffirming and underscoring the importance of the development of new and innovative medicines and vaccines and of ensuring access to safe, affordable, efficacious and quality medicines and vaccines to all, as well as strengthening health system capacities for preventing and responding to outbreaks, Recalling the Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property of the World Health Organization, and commending the efforts of the Organization to fill gaps in health research and development for the relevant needs of developing countries, including neglected diseases and potential areas where market failure exists, through the follow-up to the report of the Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development, and reiterating that health research and development should be needs-driven, evidence-based, guided by the core principles of affordability, effectiveness, efficiency and equity, and considered a shared responsibility, 1. Recognizes that access to medicines is one of the fundamental elements in achieving progressively the full realization of the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; 2. Stresses the responsibility of States to ensure access for all, without discrimination, to medicines, in particular essential medicines, that are affordable, safe, efficacious and of quality; 3. Calls upon States to promote access to medicines for all, including through the use, to the full, of the provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, which provide flexibility for that purpose, recognizing that the protection of intellectual property is important for the development of new medicines, as well as the concerns about its effects on prices; 4. Also calls upon States to take steps to implement policies and plans to promote access to comprehensive and cost-effective prevention, treatment and care for the integrated management of non-communicable diseases, including, inter alia, increased access to affordable, safe, efficacious and quality medicines and diagnostics and other 3