A/HRC/RES/58/25 and promote the rule of law in accordance with international law, including international human rights law, with a view to preventing the recurrence of violations and abuses, Emphasizing also the importance of ensuring victims’ participation throughout all processes of investigation, truth-seeking, reconciliation and memorialization and in establishing guarantees of non-recurrence, and recognizing that their participation is essential in achieving justice, accountability and sustainable peace, and that their full, meaningful and safe participation must be at the centre of all transitional justice efforts, Underscoring the roles of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011, and the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, established by the Human Rights Council in its resolution S-17/1 of 23 August 2011, as well as that of the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, Acknowledging the important role of Syrian and international civil society, human rights defenders, victims, survivors and their families in documenting violations and abuses in the Syrian Arab Republic throughout the conflict and post-conflict period, often at great personal risk, in pursuit of truth and accountability, Welcoming the visits and observations made since December 2024 by the High Commissioner, the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism, the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, the Commission of Inquiry and the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, following the unprecedented granting of access by the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, previously denied by the former regime, and noting that the mandates of these different mechanisms are distinct yet complementary to one another, Deploring that, since 2011, the former Syrian regime had consistently used arbitrary detention, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, including sexual and gender-based violence and enforced disappearances, and other detention-related violations, to intimidate, punish and coerce perceived political opponents, dissenting civilians and their family members, in addition to summary executions, extrajudicial killings, the targeting of civilians and use of chemical weapons, as documented by the Commission of Inquiry1 and the Office of the High Commissioner, Reiterating its grave concern at the findings of the Investigation and Identification Team of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons attributing responsibility for multiple chemical weapons attacks to the former Syrian regime, and expressing its strong conviction that all those responsible for the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic must be held accountable, Noting that, despite the welcome release by the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic of prisoners since December 2024, efforts to establish the fates and whereabouts of those who remain missing and the need to support victims, survivors and their families, including through psychosocial assistance, will continue for years to come, and that such efforts can be supported by the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, Underscoring the urgent need to preserve and secure all documentation, information and evidence related to violations and abuses of human rights, and violations of international humanitarian law, to ensure Syrian-led, Syrian-owned accountability, supported by the continuation of international efforts to this end, Noting with great concern alarming allegations of attacks that appear to constitute retaliation since December 2024, and alarming reports of killings, including of civilians, in 1 2 See also A/HRC/46/55 and the conference room paper of the Commission of Inquiry entitled “‘Web of agony’: arbitrary detention, torture and ill-treatment by former Government forces in the Syrian Arab Republic”, available on the web page of the Commission of Inquiry at https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/iici-syria/documentation.