Strengthening national and international efforts, including with the private sector, to protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse A/RES/77/233 frameworks, for Internet service and access providers to keep children safe when using their platforms and services, 1. Encourages Member States to engage in dialogue and foster cooperation with relevant Internet service and access providers that fall under their jurisdictions to promote and ensure child safety and well-being and to cooperate with a view to combating child sexual exploitation and abuse; 2. Calls upon Member States to establish and strengthen public-private partnerships and dialogues, consistent with their domestic legal frameworks, with Internet service and access providers to facilitate or encourage the use of services that are safe by design and do not compromise children’s safety and to use appropriate measures to enable the detection and reporting of online child sexual exploitation and abuse, or to provide evidence in response to legal processes, regardless of the technology used online, including encryption and anonymizing tools, while protecting the privacy of users and victims; 3. Also calls upon Member States to take appropriate measures to restrict, in accordance with domestic law, access to child sexual abuse materials in cyberspace; 4. Urges Member States to criminalize all forms of child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, including child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse online, to grant law enforcement agencies appropriate authority and to provide appropriate tools to identify victims and effectively combat child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse and bring perpetrators to justice; 5. Urges States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography to implement their legal obligations under that protocol; 6. Encourages Member States to adopt legislative and other measures to prevent and protect children from violence and harm, including online sexual exploitation and abuse, including by considering measures, suitable for their domestic contexts, requiring the prevention, detection, reporting and removal of online child sexual exploitation and abuse materials, including technology-facilitated solicitation, online grooming and the hosting of child sexual abuse materials on online servers; 7. Also encourages Member States, consistent with national legal frameworks, to make appropriate legislative and policy efforts, including strengthening existing legislation, to enable law enforcement authorities to prevent and respond to online child sexual exploitation and abuse, and to protect children from online sexual exploitation and abuse and actively engage in international police cooperation to that end; 8. Invites Member States to consider best practices from other Member States, in particular those that encourage the private sector to enhance its efforts to combat online child sexual exploitation and abuse by developing and promoting voluntarily agreed industry-wide standards for online child safety that foster transparency and cooperation between the private and public sectors; 9. Calls upon Member States to exchange information and insights on their respective domestic legislation, policies, procedures and practices, as well as their experience and knowledge, including with regard to national reporting regimes for online child sexual exploitation and abuse materials, to allow cross-jurisdictional collaboration and to foster best practices; 10. Also calls upon Member States to recognize the need for and promote common data sets, for or among competent authorities, of known child sexual abuse materials, such as the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) International Child Sexual Exploitation database, for the purpose of detecting, 22-28999 5/7