A/HRC/25/46 pave the way for the practical implementation of the Lucens Guidelines by parties to conflict, with the support of the United Nations. 62. It is the Special Representative’s hope that, through acknowledgement that the military use of schools may result in increased risk of attack, consensus will grow to address this concern. The Special Representative calls upon Member States to tackle this issue by taking concrete and proactive initiatives to protect schools and promote their civilian status, through the inclusion of protection elements in military training and doctrine and operational planning, as well as the incorporation of the recent Lucens Guidelines into national legislation. D. International justice 63. Adherence to international law through the ratification of legal instruments is a crucial first step for States to improve the protection of children affected by armed conflict, and to address impunity for perpetrators. However, the establishment of national legislation and institutions frequently represents an obstacle to the effective implementation of obligations in States affected by conflict, owing to their weakened capacity. Even when legislation and institutions are in place, the challenge remains to ensure access to independent courts so that right holders can enforce respect of their rights. 64. The Special Representative welcomes alternative strategies, such as mobile courts, to support access to justice in remote areas, to tackle impunity and to provide redress for victims of grave violations in the aftermath of conflict. Mobile courts have been used effectively in several countries such as the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste. 65. The Special Representative also commends the pilot mobile court scheme initiated by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to improve access to justice for refugees who have been victims of crime. Such projects have recently been initiated in Uganda, in collaboration with the Government of Uganda, and aim to address the lengthy wait that refugees face before their cases are heard, and to encourage victims of sensitive crimes including rape, sexual assault and domestic violence to report allegations. 66. The engagement by the United Nations in favour of strong rule of law at the international level is also essential to addressing global accountability challenges. While the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for grave violations committed against children rests with Member States, the work of international criminal tribunals and courts is particularly important to strengthen law enforcement and protection against right violations at the international level. 67. The Special Representative welcomes the surrender into the custody of the International Criminal Court, on 22 March 2013, of Bosco Ntaganda, against whom the Court had issued two arrest warrants, on 22 August 2006 and 13 July 2012 respectively. As the alleged former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Forces patriotiques pour la libération du Congo, Mr. Ntaganda is accused of seven counts of war crimes, including the enlistment of children under the age of 15, the conscription of children under the age of 15, and using children under the age of 15 to participate actively in hostilities, as well as murder, attacks against the civilian population, rape and sexual slavery, pillaging, and three counts of crimes against humanity allegedly committed in Ituri (Democratic Republic of the Congo) in 2002 and 2003. At the time of writing, the hearing for the confirmation of charges, which was initially scheduled for September 2013, had been postponed to allow the Prosecutor to complete the numerous tasks necessary after the case had been “dormant” for several years. 14