mainstreaming for alleviating gender-based violence against women, and have contributed actively to promoting the human rights of women. D. Legal measures Actions to be taken by Governments: · Ensure the gender-sensitive development of an integrated framework that includes criminal, civil, evidentiary and procedural provisions and that addresses sufficiently the multiple forms of violence against women; · Take all appropriate measures to develop an integrated and comprehensive legislative framework that addresses sufficiently the multiple forms of violence against women; · Promote, where necessary, the harmonization of local legislation that penalizes acts of violence against women; · Provide adequate infrastructure and support services to respond to the needs of the survivors of violence against women and girls, and to assist towards full recovery and reintegration into society, such as witness protection programmes, restraining order against perpetrators, crisis centres, telephone hotlines, shelters, provisions for economic support and livelihood assistance; · Develop guidelines to ensure appropriate police and prosecutorial responses in cases of violence against women; · Establish and support programmes that provide legal aid and assistance for women and girls bringing complaints relating to gender-based violence through various applicable ways and means, such as non-governmental organization support for women with claims relating to violence against women; · Ensure the accountability of relevant law enforcement agencies for implementation of policies to protect women from gender-based violence; · Investigate, and in accordance with national legislation, punish all acts of violence against women and girls, including those perpetrated by public officials; · Implement strategies and practical measures, taking account of the Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice adopted by the General Assembly, in its resolution 52/86 of 12 December 1997, and contained in the annex thereto; · Review national legislation in order to effect complete legal prohibition of rape and all forms of violence against women and girls, such as domestic violence, including rape, and to ensure that legislation that protects women and girls from violence is effectively implemented; -12-