A/70/289 Box 3 Brazil amends its code on children and adolescents The amendments to the code on children and adolescents in Brazil, introduced in 2014, recognize the rights of children and adolescents to education and care without the use of physical punishment or cruel or degrading treatment as forms of correction, discipline, education or under any other pretext, either by their parents, members of their extended family or others responsible for them; by public officials implementing social and educational measures; or by any other person entrusted with their care, treatment, education or protection. Other measures foreseen to support implementation of the code include referral to a family protection programme; warnings and referral to guidance courses and the promotion of educational campaigns; ongoing professional training; and initiatives to support non-violent parenting, education and conflict resolution. Box 4 Nicaragua approves new family code The new family code came into force in April 2015. Article 280 recognizes that “the father, mother, or other family members, guardians or other persons legally responsible for the son or daughter have the responsibility, right and duty to provide, in a manner consistent with the child’s evolving capacities, appropriate direction and guidance to the child, without putting at risk his or her health, physical integrity, psychological and personal dignity and under no circumstances using physical punishment or any type of humiliating treatment as a form of correction or discipline. The Ministry of Family, Youth and Children, in coordination with other State institutions and society shall promote forms of positive, participatory and non-violent discipline as alternatives to physical punishment and other forms of humiliating discipline.” C. Sound data and research on children’s exposure to violence 13. Significant efforts have continued to break the invisibility and address the root causes of violence against children. In Africa and Asia, 15 countries have set in motion comprehensive national household surveys to gather data on children’s exposure to sexual, physical and emotional violence. 4 14. The results from those surveys press for urgent action. They expose serious levels of violence shaping children’s lives and they highlight the gap between the large number of children exposed to violence and the very limited number of victims seeking help and the even smaller number benefiting from the services t hat are needed. For example, across seven of the countries surveyed, more than 25 per __________________ 4 6/25 Botswana, Cambodia, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. 15-13244