(b) To take all appropriate measures to prevent racism and discriminatory and xenophobic attitudes and behaviour through education, keeping in mind the important role that children play in changing these practices; (c) To ensure that children, from an early age, benefit from education and from participation in activities which develop respect for human rights and emphasize the practice of non-violence, with the aim of instilling in them the values and goals of a culture of peace, and invites them to develop national strategies for human rights education which are comprehensive, participatory and effective; (d) To ensure that education programmes and materials reflect fully the promotion and protection of human rights and values of peace, tolerance and gender equality, using every opportunity presented by the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, 2001-2010; (e) To harness the rapidly evolving information and communication technologies to support education at an affordable cost, including open and distance education, while reducing inequality in access and quality; 18. Urges States: (a) To take measures to protect students from violence, injury or abuse, including sexual abuse and intimidation in schools, to establish complaint mechanisms that are accessible to children and to undertake thorough and prompt investigations of all acts of violence and discrimination; (b) To take measures to eliminate the use of corporal punishment in schools; Freedom from violence 19. Requests the independent expert to conduct the study on the question of violence against children as soon as possible, invites him to be based in Geneva in order to enhance his collaboration with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Health Organization, invites Member States, United Nations bodies and organizations, including the Committee on the Rights of the Child, as well as other relevant intergovernmental organizations, to provide substantive and, where appropriate, financial support, including through voluntary contributions, for the effective conduct of the study and invites non-governmental organizations to contribute to the study, taking into account the recommendations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child made following the general discussions on violence against children held in September 2000 and 2001, and, further, encourages the independent expert to seek also the participation of children in the study, taking into account their age and maturity; 20. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a substantive progress report on the study to the Commission at its sixtieth session and the final in-depth study to the Commission at its sixty-first session for its consideration, with the aim of evaluating all possible complementary measures and future actions; page 7