A/70/334 notably to enhance the response to the specific needs of displaced populations. 11 The cluster system has been used in more than 30 countries and allows both United Nations and non-United Nations organizations to participate. It is essential that Governments be included in the cluster system and participate in relevant meetings so that once Governments are ready, the response can be handed over to them and the cluster system can step down. 71. In the case of the Philippines, the Government replicated its own cluster system within its emergency management mechanisms. As noted in a Brookings Institution-International Organization for Migration (IOM) study, specific clusters were established, largely in line with clusters established at the global level b y the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, 12 and both government leads and international co-leads were identified. D. Governance to support durable solutions for internally displaced persons 72. While the initial and early crisis stages of the response to displacement require certain actions and governance responses, as displacement becomes more protracted, the response from national authorities must transition to address and respond to ongoing and future needs, in full conformity with the human rights of internally displaced persons. A full assessment must therefore be made of the evolving internal displacement scenario that includes the likelihood and possibility of return to original locations, taking fully into account the wishes and intentions of internally displaced persons and the need to ensure durable solutions. This is essential to put the necessary policy, programme and institutional structures and responses in place. 73. What must be clearly understood is the long-term need for dedicated attention to internally displaced persons and that governance of displacement issues does not end with the physical return or relocation of the internally displaced. Regrettably, it is often assumed by national authorities that return, the closure of camps or cas h payments constitutes durable solutions and end the Government ’s responsibilities towards internally displaced persons; this is not the case. 74. According to the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, a durable solution can only be achieved when internally displaced persons no longer have any specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination on account of their displacement. A durable solution can be achieved through either (a) sustainable reintegration at the place of origin (return); (b) sustainable local integration in areas where internally displaced persons take refuge (local integration); or (c) sustainable integration in another part of the country (settlement elsewhere). __________________ 11 12 15-12504 For more information on the cluster system, see www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/coordination/ clusters/what-cluster-approach. Angela Sherwood and others, Resolving Post-Disaster Displacement: Insights from the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) (Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution and IOM, 2015). 19/26