The right to freedom of opinion and expression exercised through the Internet 2011, para. 81
Párrafo- Paragraph text
- When a cyber-attack can be attributed to the State, it clearly constitutes, inter alia, a violation of its obligation to respect the right to freedom of opinion and expression. Although determining the origin of cyber-attacks and the identity of the perpetrator is often technically difficult, it should be noted that States have an obligation to protect individuals against interference by third parties that undermines the enjoyment of the right to freedom of opinion and expression. This positive obligation to protect entails that States must take appropriate and effective measures to investigate actions taken by third parties, hold the persons responsible to account, and adopt measures to prevent such recurrence in the future.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
- Reference
- SR Freedom of Opinion, Report to the HRC (2011), A/HRC/17/27, para. 81.
- Paragraph info
- Conclusion / Recommendation
- Paragraph number
- 81
ordenados por
Date added
77 conexiones, 77 Entidades