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The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The normative content of the rights to water and sanitation can be determined in terms of the criteria of availability (referring to sufficient water for personal and domestic use, or sufficient sanitation facilities), quality (including safety), acceptability (including cultural acceptability), accessibility and affordability (see E/C.12/2002/11, para. 53, and A/HRC/12/24, paras. 69-80). The notion of progressive realization relates not only to progressively achieving universal access to water and sanitation, but also to meeting these standards. Human rights do not settle for minimum standards, such as basic access to water and sanitation, but ultimately require achieving a higher standard that guarantees an adequate standard of living.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Fifthly and finally, services must be affordable. Access to water and sanitation must not compromise the ability to pay for other essential needs guaranteed by human rights such as food, housing and health care. While the Millennium Declaration specifically mentioned reducing by half the proportion of people unable to reach or afford safe water (General Assembly resolution 55/2, para. 19), the notion of affordability was omitted from Goal 7. This suggests that, politically, States saw the significance of affordability for ensuring actual access to services, but could not undertake to monitor it because of the lack of data. Developing such data sets is crucial to monitor affordability levels and progress in that regard. The affordability criterion needs to be revived and prioritized in national Millennium Development Goal monitoring activities and future global initiatives.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Fourthly, water and sanitation services must be accessible to everyone in the household or its vicinity on a continuous basis. Physical security must not be threatened when accessing facilities. Again, the Millennium Development Goals indicator on water is used as a proxy, on the assumption that "improved" sources are likely to be within the dwelling or a convenient distance from it. Accessibility could be measured more explicitly by using the time a round trip, including waiting time, takes. This could also serve as an indirect measurement of the amount of water people collect, as the distance to the water source has an impact on the quantity that can be collected. In fact, this is an indicator available from the surveys used by the Joint Monitoring Programme and has been reported on sporadically by the Joint Monitoring Programme as an additional criterion. The independent expert considers that this should be done systematically, including examination of accessibility in schools, workplaces and other spheres of life.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Effective regulation depends on the capacity to carry out regulatory functions. Regulation must be independent and shielded from political interference and capture by specific groups or politicians. A transparent and comprehensive regulatory framework helps to reduce the potential for abuse. Regulatory and institutional models may differ: some countries have independent regulatory agencies at the national level, while others largely regulate private sector participation by contract. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but regulation has to be approached in a flexible manner and be adapted to local circumstances, needs and challenges such as the degree of decentralization. The essential point is that institutions must be in a position to carry out regulatory functions independently.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 82b
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework requires a coherent and comprehensive approach to planning that emphasizes the underlying structural causes and systemic biases for the lack of access to water and sanitation. It requires considering how laws, social norms, traditional practices and institutional structures and actions affect access. As such, the human rights framework helps to not only cure the symptoms, that is, the lack of access, but aims at addressing the underlying reasons, leading to more sustainable results. In this regard:] Strategies and plans must be developed through a participatory and inclusive process ensuring, in particular, that disadvantaged, marginalized and vulnerable people and communities are represented. Participation must go beyond mere information sharing and superficial consultation, and provide real opportunities for influence throughout the planning process;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- As with capacity-building, progress towards realization of the rights to water and sanitation cannot be sustainable unless it occurs within the context of a strong regulatory framework. National regulatory frameworks bolster the rights in a number of ways, such as setting clear targets and benchmarks for implementation; clarifying and harmonizing the responsibilities of various actors; setting minimum standards for quality, accessibility and affordability; and improving accountability by creating incentives for compliance. Regulatory frameworks allow governments to prioritize unserved or under-served populations and can form the foundation of subsidy programmes and other safeguards for low-income households.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, legislation must prohibit discrimination and should provide for participatory processes. Water and sanitation laws should also clearly designate institutional roles and responsibilities. Water and sanitation should be claimable human rights, ensuring access to justice and other accountability mechanisms. Access to justice requires not only the existence of courts and a legal system, but also awareness of the law and rights and opportunities to claim them. Measures must be put in place to overcome obstacles in access to justice such as prohibitive costs, language requirements, needs of representation and geographic location of the courts, as well as legal aid.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 82c
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework requires a coherent and comprehensive approach to planning that emphasizes the underlying structural causes and systemic biases for the lack of access to water and sanitation. It requires considering how laws, social norms, traditional practices and institutional structures and actions affect access. As such, the human rights framework helps to not only cure the symptoms, that is, the lack of access, but aims at addressing the underlying reasons, leading to more sustainable results. In this regard:] States must ensure transparency throughout the planning process, making relevant information, including on existing policies and measures, and expert advice on available technical options, as well as drafts of the plan, publicly available in all relevant languages via multiple channels to ensure accessibility.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Any national strategy and plan must be owned by the country. Processes that are entirely externally driven can circumvent democratic procedures and often result in merely cosmetic strategies and plans, which are not sustainable and often do not correspond to the people's needs and aspirations. There is, however, a significant role for donors and development partners in the planning process. For instance, they can facilitate coordination and support capacity-building and institutional strengthening, including at the local level. These measures will help institutions to fulfil their responsibilities and to be accountable to the population.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83e
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] International organizations and donor agencies should support strong national planning processes through initiatives, such as Sanitation and Water for All, that help to overcome capacity constraints, but should not drive the process. They should support the coordination process, capacity-building and institutional strengthening, including at the local level, to ensure that institutions can properly fulfil their responsibilities and are accountable to the population, including with regard to preventing and fighting corruption;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83i
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] States must implement measures to overcome obstacles in access to justice, such as prohibitive costs, language requirements, requirements of representation and geographic location of the courts and other mechanisms.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The lack of access to water, sanitation and hygiene has not only an environmental impact but also social and individual dimensions. From a human rights perspective, water and sanitation, just like food, are parts of the same fundamental right to an adequate standard of living. Their similarities with other sectors such as education and health warrant attention alongside goals in these areas to ensure visibility and prioritization. Member States should take a consistent approach to their commitment in the Rio+20 outcome document, in which water and sanitation were set as one of the priority areas for sustainable development (see General Assembly resolution 66/288, annex, para. 119).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The human rights framework requires States to prioritize the most marginalized, and to ensure their access to information, empowerment and effective participation. States must identify challenges, duty bearers and solutions through bottom-up local diagnostics, ensure accountability and tie any measures taken to substantive human rights standards. This process is as essential in combating stigma as the substantive parameters it hinges upon. The process of having the conversation, of including people in the discussion, and finding solutions together, has the potential to effect shifts in attitudes and behaviours and to lead to lasting and transformative changes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Article 2, paragraph 1, of the Covenant requires States to take steps progressively to realize economic, social and cultural rights. Such steps should be deliberate, concrete and targeted as clearly as possible towards meeting the obligations recognized in the Covenant. States have an obligation to move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards the goal of full realization, using the maximum available resources. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights affirmed the link between this obligation of progressive realization (meaning that States must achieve rights over the long term), and the way progressive realization of the right to water "must also be sustainable, ensuring that the right can be realized for present and future generations". In fact, the spirit of all international human rights instruments is "intergenerational": human rights instruments do not have expiration dates.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Stigma relates closely to power and inequality, and those with power can deploy it at will. Stigma can broadly be understood as a process of dehumanizing, degrading, discrediting and devaluing people in certain population groups, often based on a feeling of disgust. Put differently, there is a perception that "the person with the stigma is not quite human". Stigma attaches itself to an attribute, quality or identity that is regarded as "inferior" or "abnormal". Stigma is based on a socially constructed "us" and "them" serving to confirm the "normalcy" of the majority through the devaluation of the "other".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Understanding how stigma relates to social power, marginalization and exclusion also reveals the drivers of stigma, which lie in the individual, social, cultural and institutional spheres. Individuals across society contribute to the creation and continuation of stigma. Often, prejudices and stereotypes persist across generations, and are combined with irrational fears-of contagion, "impurity" or "otherness". This is frequently exacerbated by a lack of access to accurate information, for example on the transmission of diseases. In many instances, people are not aware that they are stigmatizing certain groups, since their stereotypes are widely prevalent in society, considered "normal" and "acceptable".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- To enable the sustainable provision of services, a number of factors within and beyond the water and sanitation sector must be reinforced, in particular, accountable governance. Water and sanitation services must be embedded in a sound legislative policy and regulatory framework. Institutions involved in the water and sanitation sectors must be responsive and accountable for their actions, and decisions must be participatory and transparent. All groups and individuals concerned and all relevant stakeholders must be provided with genuine opportunities to meaningfully participate and must be empowered in these processes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- A related issue is that of independent regulation and accountability mechanisms: lack of regulation undermines sustainable investment in the water and sanitation sectors. Where States fail to establish regulatory and accountability mechanisms when the economy is going well, they open the door to corruption and to risks that the realization of the rights to water and sanitation might be jeopardized, and such abuses might go unnoticed by authorities. Accountability is essential for closing the loop and bringing unsustainable practices to the public eye and exerting pressure on authorities. However, accountability cannot be ensured if national human rights institutions have no mandate or capacity to deal with economic, social and cultural rights, or if such rights are not considered justiciable.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Ensuring efficient tax systems that enable continued investments in the water and sanitation sectors contributes to sustainability and guards against impermissible retrogressions. Mobilizing tax revenue, in an appropriately targeted manner, is the responsibility of governments, and a way of implementing their human rights obligations. Methods such as assessing the effective tax rate (or tax to gross domestic product ratio) can be utilized to provide indicators for reviewing and benchmarking States, identifying failures in their efforts to mobilize resources to meet the need for a water and sanitation sector that is sustainable for all, forever.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Article 25 (a) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights guarantees the right "to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives". In interpreting this provision, the Human Rights Committee, in paragraph 5 of general comment No. 25 (1996), states that "the conduct of public affairs … relates to the exercise of political power, in particular the exercise of legislative, executive and administrative powers. It covers all aspects of public administration, and the formulation and implementation of policy at international, national, regional and local levels".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- More broadly, social accountability mechanisms refer to mechanisms through which residents or civil society hold State officials or service providers to account. Social accountability has the power to increase the pressure on officials to explain and justify their decisions; fear of damage to one's reputation can sometimes be a stronger deterrent or incentive than legal proceedings. The Equitable Access Score-Card developed by ECE and the World Health Organization (WHO) offers a tool that can help Governments and other stakeholders establish a baseline, discuss actions to be taken and evaluate progress through self-assessment. This process, as shown by the experiences of France, Portugal and Ukraine, can enable an objective debate and generate input for policy processes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 92b
- Paragraph text
- [Further, States and other stakeholders should take the following measures:] United Nations treaty bodies, the special procedures of the Human Rights Council, other international mechanisms and regional mechanisms should pay increasing attention to the right to participation. The Special Rapporteur sees a need for standard-setting on the right to participation, e.g., through the elaboration of general comments on the right to participation in the context of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. She also encourages the Human Rights Council to address participation;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Some argue that direct participation is unnecessary where structures for representative democracy exist. Decisions by elected representatives would already be regarded as legitimate, given the mandate conferred by the electorate. However, article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides both for the right to vote and the right to participate in public affairs. Periodic elections are a blunt instrument for achieving public participation, let alone for ensuring inclusion. The realization of human rights is a dynamic process, and elections alone are not enough. Participatory processes complement representative democratic structures and allow for more direct influence by the public.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Human rights violations may result from misappropriation of resources allocated for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation. Corruption directly affects the available resources for basic service provision: in 2006 the World Bank estimated that there would be a loss of US$ 20 billion in financing over the next decade. Corruption increases the price of services, making them unaffordable, for example when bribes have to be paid. Corrupt practices disproportionately affect poor and marginalized groups, who lack the resources to pay bribes and the power and voice to oppose the vested interests of elites.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur embraces a comprehensive understanding of violations of the rights to water and sanitation. Even though all types of violations of rights to water and sanitation are serious, denial of access to services due to discrimination or disconnection from services may be more easily identified as violations. Situations where States have failed to adopt reasonable measures or to allocate appropriate resources are less familiar to many courts and raise additional challenges in determining whether a violation has occurred. Yet such types of violations often involve the greatest number of victims and the most intolerable deprivations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti has come under scrutiny for its role in the cholera epidemic in Haiti in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake. The epidemic killed over 8,500 people, sickened more than 700,000 and is still ongoing. It has been alleged that the cholera was brought in by peacekeepers and that it spread because of haphazardly constructed sanitation facilities that leaked sewage into a river that was an important source of drinking water. The United Nations has rejected the accusations and claimed immunity based on the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, but United Nations human rights representatives are increasingly calling on the United Nations to establish responsibility. The Independent Expert on Haiti has stressed the need "to assure the Haitian people that the epidemic will be halted as soon as possible and that full reparation for damages will be provided". He called for clarification of the facts and for realization of the right to a remedy, arguing that the "United Nations should be the first to honour these principles" and that "silence is the worst response". The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation by the United Nations and the country concerned, and called for "those who suffered as a result of that cholera be provided with compensation". The Special Rapporteur wishes to emphasize the obligation to investigate the allegations in order to establish responsibility for any violations and to ensure the alleged victims' right to a remedy, including compensation, if warranted. She welcomes the commitment by the United Nations to eradicate the disease in Haiti and urges it to meet that commitment by providing adequate resources. She further calls on the United Nations to establish appropriate accountability mechanisms for ongoing and future missions as well as to review and reinforce measures for adequate sanitation and preventive measures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Article 25 (a) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides for the right to participate in public affairs. Participation must be active, free and meaningful. While it is often stressed that participation has significant instrumental value in ensuring more sustainable results, participation is a human right in itself, and non-compliance with the relevant human rights obligations may give rise to violations. Such violations may arise from direct denial of participation as well as indirect, by failure to take reasonable steps to facilitate participation, including by ensuring the right to access to information.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes a remedial rather than punitive approach. While it is important in some cases to hold those responsible for violations accountable for their actions, the general focus should be on what needs to be done to remedy violations and on who is responsible for remedying violations, rather than on who is to blame. The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that initiatives to better identify and remedy violations of human rights should not be seen as adversarial or undermining of constructive dialogue. The rights and interests of rights holders must be the focus of remedying violations. As such, access to justice for violations of the rights to water and sanitation can serve to equalize power dynamics.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- In other countries and other contexts, informal providers exist outside of State oversight, often in response to the absence of more formal solutions for adequate services. These providers tend only to be accountable to consumers insofar as the latter are able to choose between existing providers based on the criteria of availability, price and quality of service. Small-scale, NGO or community-managed providers deliver a range of different water, sanitation and hygiene services, including piped supply, shared or public toilet blocks, water vendors, well construction, latrine construction and pit emptying services.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Sanitation workers frequently face serious health risks, stigmatization, violence and exploitation. In India, the Parliament adopted an act requiring that sanitation systems be overhauled so as to eliminate the need for manual scavengers and seeking to eradicate stigma, inter alia by arranging for alternative jobs. The Supreme Court of India observed that "manual scavengers are considered as untouchables by other mainstream castes and are thrown into a vortex of severe social and economic exploitation". It held that the continuation of manual scavenging violated human rights and ordered the State to fully implement the new act and take appropriate action in response to any violations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Violence
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo