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Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages States and international organizations to further explore options for global monitoring that allow for more comprehensive monitoring of affordable access to services.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Secondly, to meet human rights standards, water must be safe, that is, of such quality that it does not pose a threat to human health. Sanitation facilities must be hygienically and technically safe to use. To ensure hygiene, access to water for cleansing and hand washing is essential. While target 7.C explicitly refers to access to safe drinking water, the indicator does not measure quality directly. It is based on the assumption that improved sources are likely to provide safe water. However, this is not always the case. The drinking water obtained from many improved sources is in fact unsafe, with potentially adverse consequences for the health-related Millennium Development Goals as well as target 7.C. Simply putting a lid on the polluted water, which then counts as a protected well, does not mitigate all forms of pollution. To include an assessment of actual drinking water safety in the Joint Monitoring Programme assessments, household survey data would need to be complemented by data derived from other approaches such as periodic water quality sample surveys using field-based techniques. This is already done in Bangladesh, where a serious contamination of the groundwater with arsenic made it mandatory to monitor water quality, since many "improved" water sources were severely contaminated.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Therefore, in regulating water and sanitation services, it should be recognized, as a starting point, that water and sanitation are human rights derived from the right to an adequate standard of living (see art. 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) and are inextricably related to the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health (see art. 12 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), as well as to the right to life (see art. 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and the right to human dignity (see arts. 1 and 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). According to international human rights law, the human right to water entitles everyone, without discrimination, to have access to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for personal and domestic use. The human right to sanitation entitles everyone, without discrimination, to have physical and affordable access to sanitation, in all spheres of life, that is safe, hygienic, secure and socially and culturally acceptable and that provides privacy and ensures dignity. From a human rights perspective, the ultimate objective of regulation is to give practical meaning to the normative content of these rights, as follows:
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2017
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Monitoring affordability is essential for assessing whether standards are being met, and whether people in fact have access to affordable services. Unless efforts are made to monitor whether services are affordable for all, States and service providers alike will struggle to provide appropriate support to individuals and households that may have difficulties in paying for services.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- While often overlooked, the use of hygiene facilities and services also has costs. The main expenses, other than installation of a handwashing station, are for water and soap for handwashing and personal hygiene, for water and cleaning products for domestic and food hygiene, and for sanitary napkins or other products for menstrual hygiene management.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Set priorities in a way to meet the most essential needs to ensure survival, health and dignity, considering the short-, medium- and long-term planning;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Beyond an individual's access to a latrine or toilet, sanitation also has an important public health dimension. Adequate sanitation not only guarantees an individual's access, but also protects the human rights of others, including their rights to life, health, water and a healthy environment, by ensuring that the environment in which they live is not contaminated with faeces (see A/68/264).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Examples of violations include (a) lack of protection against denial of access to facilities; (b) lack of protection of health and dignity for sanitation workers; (c) lack of protection from violence when accessing facilities; and (d) lack of protection from harmful practices, in particular in the context of sanitation and menstrual hygiene.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Water contamination has a significant impact on the realization of human rights, including the human right to water, but also the rights to health, food and a healthy environment, among many others. Human rights principles and standards are relevant beyond the context of water and sanitation service delivery and need to be integrated into discussions on water and wastewater management at all levels.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 8b
- Paragraph text
- [The normative content of the rights to water and to sanitation provides the standard to be achieved in terms of the following criteria:] Quality. Water must be safe for consumption and other uses and not threaten human health. Sanitation facilities must be hygienically and technically safe to use. To ensure hygiene, access to water for cleansing and hand washing after use is essential;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Among the defining attributes of human rights is their indivisible, interrelated and interdependent nature. The human rights to water and sanitation are intimately linked to the rights to health, housing, education and political participation, among others (E/C.12/2002/11, para. 3, and A/HRC/12/24), as well as the right to life and the prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in extreme cases.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The water used by households and individuals for domestic and personal uses must be of sufficient quality to protect their health (see E/C.12/2002/11, para. 12). Pollution of water by any means, including by agriculture, industry and wastewater must therefore be prevented. WHO has published guidelines for drinking water quality, which define relevant limits for a wide range of potentially harmful substances to prevent "significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Clean and safe water available within the home will ensure the household's access to sufficient quantities of safe water resulting in optimal health outcomes and significant time savings in water collection times. It also eliminates the need for transportation and the risk of unsafe storage, reducing the risk of contamination of water supply and limiting the need for household water treatment. Water piped into the home is more likely to be reliable and continuous compared to other delivery options.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- One example of enforcing the obligation to protect is an Argentine case in which the court prohibited a private company from disconnecting the water supply due to non-payment, relying on the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (art. 11) and other human rights instruments, which are directly applicable in Argentina. The Greek Council of State recently blocked the planned privatization of the Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, arguing that it could put public health at risk due to the anticipated deterioration of water and sanitation quality.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Human rights bodies thus understand sanitation broadly to include the treatment and disposal or reuse of excreta and associated wastewater. Sanitation does not stop simply with the use of latrines or toilets, but includes the safe disposal or reuse of faeces, urine and wastewater. Such a broad understanding is warranted, as sanitation concerns not only one's own right to use a latrine or toilet, but also the rights of other people, in particular their right to health, on which there might be negative impacts.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2013
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Silence is a major component of stigma. The first step is to speak openly about what seems "unpleasant" or "unmentionable" or deviates from dominant public opinion, and to recognize the stigma attached-be it obstetric fistula, homelessness, intersexuality, menstrual hygiene or another issue. Stigma is often based on ignorance, fears and misconceptions that can be tackled through awareness-raising. The voice of the stigmatized must be amplified, and their space must be broadened to clearly articulate their needs and rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The human rights to water and sanitation are guaranteed under international law. They are components of the right to an adequate standard of living guaranteed in article 11, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as in many other human rights treaties. Moreover, water and sanitation are inextricably linked to a range of other human rights, including the rights to life, to health and to housing. The human rights to water and sanitation have been reaffirmed through explicit recognition by the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Even when in place, regulations are not always used to their full potential and best advantage to maximize public health benefits. For example, regulations do not always clearly indicate which stakeholders are accountable and liable for identifying, responding to and mitigating risks to drinking-water quality. Regulations should also contemplate situations where water supply is unsafe, by providing coping measures (e.g. alerts) and precautionary actions. In this context, access to information on water quality is essential and should be safeguarded by regulation, using clear, easy-to-understand language, and be readily accessible to all the population.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2017
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- National standards must ensure that the water used for each personal and domestic use is safe for human health as regards the presence of microorganisms, chemical substances and radiological hazards. The WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality provide guidance for setting national regulations and standards for water safety in support of public health. The Guidelines describe reasonable minimum safe-practice requirements to protect health and provide numerical “guideline values” for constituents of water or indicators of water quality. When defining mandatory limits, the Guidelines are an authoritative source and must be taken into consideration in the context of local or national environmental, social, economic and cultural conditions.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2017
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Regulations should give a practical meaning to “availability” and ensure, at least, access to a minimum essential amount of water that is sufficient, reliable and safe for personal and domestic uses to prevent disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance, an intermediate level of access, to 50 litres per person per day, represents a low level of health concern (provided that absence of contamination is rigorously assessed), while an optimal level of access, to 100 litres per person per day, represents a very low level of health concern. A regulatory interpretation of “availability” should also consider situations where additional supply of water is required due to health issues, climate conditions (i.e. drought), emergency/disaster situations, work conditions, or any other special circumstances; and situations of disruption to water supply.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2017
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The implementation of the human rights to water and sanitation depends heavily on national legal and regulatory frameworks. While constitutional recognition of these rights shows a strong national commitment to their realization, and facilitates their inclusion in domestic laws, it does not constitute a conditio sine qua non for their inclusion in national legal frameworks. Kenya, for example, underwent a process of legal and regulatory reform before enshrining these rights in its Constitution. Laws give voice to national policies, and aspire to achieving universal realization of the rights, while rules and regulations set performance standards and determine how services should be provided to the population, as they encapsulate the technical and scientific requirements needed to give meaningful content to the general terms contained in laws. The fact that the provision of water and sanitation services must be adequate for human dignity, life and health, in accordance with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, places concrete human rights obligations on national regulatory frameworks.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2017
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Employment codes and standards that explicitly require the inclusion of facilities for menstrual hygiene management in the workplace are currently limited or do not exist. Such regulations must be developed, promoted and enforced and must serve to hold businesses and Governments to account. It is important that Governments determine these responsibilities within their administrative structures, so they can be held to account. In addition, private companies and employers have a responsibility to prioritize this issue and take action. Trade unions too have the potential to encourage good practices and support workers' rights in this area.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Hand-washing is often seen as the key aspect of hygiene. It requires both adequate quantities of water at necessary places (in the kitchen and bathroom) and critical times (after using the toilet, before preparing food and before eating), as well as soap (or an alternative, such as ash). In many households, both of these resources may be in short supply, for accessibility or affordability reasons. A typical example of a hand-washing station is a tap connected to piped water, but there are also other solutions, such as the "tippy tap", that are at least acceptable as an interim solution. As with all water use, it is essential that there be an adequate wastewater disposal system to prevent the local (and in some cases broader) environment from being flooded with excess water.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Individual households have various options for sanitation provision, many of which meet human rights standards in different contexts and circumstances, depending, among other aspects, on user engagement. These include pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, septic tanks and different types of ecological sanitation, which are often based on the separation of faeces and urine, on limiting water use, and on the reuse of waste matter. Some options, such as hanging latrines and "flying toilets", are not acceptable under any circumstances, as they do not ensure safety and contribute to the contamination of the environment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Piped systems usually ensure accessibility, acceptability and convenience for the user, quality and privacy. The health benefits for those connected to a sewerage network are clear, as faeces and wastewater are transported away from the household in a way that avoids human contact. While the user has to clean the toilet and ensure that the flush mechanism works properly, all other aspects of maintenance and wastewater treatment are the responsibility of someone else. A regulatory framework and standards for piped systems are generally available, while these are not always effectively put in place and monitored.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Hygiene facilities, such as hand-washing stations or disposal units for sanitary products, must be safe to use and easy to clean. Sanitation facilities must ensure access to safe water for hand washing, menstrual hygiene, and anal and genital cleansing. They must also include mechanisms for the hygienic disposal of menstrual products and nappies. Good hygiene practices require hygiene promotion and education to ensure good hand-washing, proper use of toilets and menstrual hygiene, encouraging individuals to prepare and consume food in a hygienic manner that respects the safety and well-being of others.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Water must be accessible in the household or its immediate vicinity, as well as at other places where an individual spends significant amounts of time, including at the workplace, in schools, health centres and detention centres. To achieve an adequate standard of living, gain full health benefits and ensure that the time spent collecting water is minimal, everyone should have access to a tap in the home. In those cases where water is not accessible on the premises, the route to fetch water and the facility itself must be safe for all users, and the method of extracting water must be usable by all. Further, the supply must be reliable and continuous, so that individuals can collect water at the times that they require.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Availability refers to the quantity of safe water available for domestic and personal use, and the necessary protection of water resources. There must be a sufficient quantity of water available to fulfil individuals' and households' requirements for drinking and personal hygiene, for personal and domestic uses, which includes cooking, preparation of food, laundry and cleaning (see E/C.12/2002/11, para. 12). As individual household needs vary depending on circumstance and context, including age, occupation, ill-health and climatic conditions, an exact quantity necessary to fulfil the above requirements cannot be given. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides broad guidance on the relevant amounts of water to promote good hygiene and protect public health, but each State must assess the relevant amount for given circumstances. Beyond this, availability also relates to the necessary structures to ensure service provision.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Courts have held in a number of circumstances that minimum essential levels of water and sanitation must be ensured immediately. In circumstances where capacity existed, the Constitutional Court of Colombia held that the authorities had to connect housing to water and sewerage and to ensure a sufficient daily amount of water. The Supreme Court of India dealt with lack of basic sanitation in more desperate circumstances, in a case where informal settlements collectively complained that the cesspits used for sanitation were overflowing and causing serious health concerns. The Court ordered the municipality to construct a sufficient number of public latrines and to provide water supply and desludging services.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti has come under scrutiny for its role in the cholera epidemic in Haiti in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake. The epidemic killed over 8,500 people, sickened more than 700,000 and is still ongoing. It has been alleged that the cholera was brought in by peacekeepers and that it spread because of haphazardly constructed sanitation facilities that leaked sewage into a river that was an important source of drinking water. The United Nations has rejected the accusations and claimed immunity based on the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, but United Nations human rights representatives are increasingly calling on the United Nations to establish responsibility. The Independent Expert on Haiti has stressed the need "to assure the Haitian people that the epidemic will be halted as soon as possible and that full reparation for damages will be provided". He called for clarification of the facts and for realization of the right to a remedy, arguing that the "United Nations should be the first to honour these principles" and that "silence is the worst response". The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation by the United Nations and the country concerned, and called for "those who suffered as a result of that cholera be provided with compensation". The Special Rapporteur wishes to emphasize the obligation to investigate the allegations in order to establish responsibility for any violations and to ensure the alleged victims' right to a remedy, including compensation, if warranted. She welcomes the commitment by the United Nations to eradicate the disease in Haiti and urges it to meet that commitment by providing adequate resources. She further calls on the United Nations to establish appropriate accountability mechanisms for ongoing and future missions as well as to review and reinforce measures for adequate sanitation and preventive measures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo