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Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 12
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- In fact trafficked persons, like other categories of persons in a migration process, are initially persons pushed into a search for a better life to flee a range of issues, such as poverty, armed conflict, humanitarian crises, torture or other human rights violations, including domestic violence and gender-related persecution. Social and economic vulnerabilities, linguistic isolation, irregular residence status and States' persistent failure to recognize and protect the human rights of vulnerable and/or undocumented migrants contribute to exploitative activities that occur as a result of trafficking in places of origin, transit and destination (A/HRC/26/37/Add.2, para. 46). This is particularly prevalent in some sectors in countries of destination that have a rapidly growing demand for low-cost, low-skilled migrant labour, and that are thus prone to labour exploitation.
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- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
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- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2015
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 52
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- The benefit of trained law enforcement, peacekeeping and humanitarian personnel has also been mentioned both by States and by other entities active in the field as a means of preventing trafficking in persons, especially women and children. In this regard, several examples of successful joint cooperation between States to train law enforcement officials and to conduct joint anti-trafficking operations were mentioned, including the recent joint exercises between European and African law enforcement officials organized by the Centre of Excellence for Stability Police Units and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which were focused on reducing human trafficking along migrant routes.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
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- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 19
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- Conflict-related violence, such as sexual violence, can itself be a driver of forced internal displacement, which in turn increases vulnerability to further exploitation, including through trafficking. For instance, sexual violence by armed groups has forced ethnic minority women and girls in remote rural areas away from their communities and placed them at greater risk of trafficking within the country as well as overseas. Additionally, worsening security situations and overcrowded camps with inadequate basic services cause some internally displaced persons to risk crossing borders in an irregular manner in search of employment, putting themselves at high risk of exploitation because of their lack of legal status. Military attacks on camps further worsens displacement and causes undocumented internally displaced persons, including women and unaccompanied children, to flee their camps, exposing them to the risk of being exploited or trafficked.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64c
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- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Ensure free-of-charge birth and marriage registration of nationals and non-nationals fleeing conflict, including in internally displaced person and refugee camps, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations, in order to prevent or address potential trafficking in children for sexual and other forms of exploitation and the exploitation of the labour of individuals, particularly underage children and women;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 28
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- The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that some 300,000 boys and girls under the age of 18 are involved in more than 30 conflicts worldwide. One in three children in the Kurdistan region of Iraq has been approached for forced or compulsory recruitment in armed conflict. Moreover, children are especially vulnerable to being trafficked into military service by Government armed forces, paramilitary groups and rebel groups if they are separated from their families, are displaced from their homes, live in combat areas or have limited access to education.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 77h
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- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 72g
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- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 76b
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- [The United Nations should:] Address labour exploitation by making all necessary efforts to ensure that, in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, all workers, including migrant workers, employed by State and non-State military actors, their contractors and subcontractors are employed under decent conditions of work, and establish a zero-tolerance policy towards violations of their fundamental rights.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 71d
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- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Ban administrative detention of children, in particular, but not only, for violations of immigration laws and regulations;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 74a
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- [State contracting agencies of armed forces deployed in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, should:] Exercise due diligence when employing workers, including migrant workers, to provide goods and services and help to ensure that businesses operating in conflict and post-conflict areas are not involved in human rights abuses, including trafficking in persons for labour exploitation;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
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- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 68b
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- [All States, whether a source, transit or destination country of women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation in conflict and-post conflict areas, should:] Prevent early marriages, whether in refugee/internally displaced persons camps or in the society of the host country;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 39
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- Post-conflict situations are typically characterized by absent or dysfunctional justice and law enforcement institutions, and consequently by: a climate of impunity that fosters violent criminal networks; high levels of poverty and lack of basic resources; significant inequality; large populations of highly vulnerable individuals (displaced persons, returnees, widows, unaccompanied children); fractured communities and lack of trust; and militarized societies tolerant of extreme levels of violence. These features render men, women and children in post-conflict societies especially vulnerable to trafficking.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 14
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- Human trafficking is an increasingly common feature of modern conflict, whether national or international. Existing forms of trafficking and vulnerabilities ranging from gender-based violence to discrimination to lack of economic opportunities are exacerbated before, during and after conflict. Furthermore, conflict tends to fuel impunity, the breakdown of law and order and the destruction of institutions and communities, which foster conditions within which trafficking will flourish, often beyond the point at which hostilities have ceased. Lack of access to safe and legal migration options forces many persons fleeing conflict to use the services of illegal facilitators, increasing their exposure to exploitation, including trafficking.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 24
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- Conflict and post-conflict situations increase the vulnerability of those fleeing conflict to trafficking for purposes of organ removal, and enables impunity for exploiters. A system for collecting and selling human organs from fighters, captives and hostages is allegedly established by armed opposition groups, especially the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and affiliated armed groups, as a means of financing war. Moreover, there is evidence that migrants fleeing conflict in the Sudan have been trafficked for organ harvesting in Egypt. Palestinians from the Syrian Arab Republic, who use smugglers to travel to Europe through the Sudan and Libya, have also become victims of trafficking for organ removal when they found themselves unable to pay the ransom for their kidnapping. In addition, medical practitioners from post-conflict Kosovo were found to be involved in the trafficking of victims from the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation and Turkey to Kosovo for the purpose of organ removal (A/68/256, para. 29).
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
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- 2016
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 25
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- Individuals and communities caught up in conflict are vulnerable to a range of human rights violations. Pre-existing conditions and vulnerabilities, such as structural gender-based and other forms of discrimination affecting women, children and non-citizens, are exacerbated during conflict as opportunities for exploitation increase and protections break down. Conflicts are prolonged by actors who take advantage of situations of lawlessness to reap personal gain through lucrative activities such as trafficking. In this section the Special Rapporteur will look into trafficking into military service and sexual and labour exploitation during conflict involving all persons, including boys, girls and migrants.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 23
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- Persons fleeing conflict could also be vulnerable to trafficking for purposes of organ removal. There was evidence that migrants fleeing conflict in the Sudan were being targeted for organ harvesting in Egypt. In addition, medical practitioners from post-conflict Kosovo were found to be involved in the trafficking of victims from the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation and Turkey to Kosovo for the purpose of organ removal (see A/68/256, para. 29). Certainly, conflict and post-conflict situations provide fertile ground for increasing vulnerability to this form of trafficking and enables impunity for exploiters.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 21
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- Refugees and asylum seekers are vulnerable to trafficking. Refugees fleeing the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic through Lebanon and Turkey often become subject to trafficking-related exploitation, including child labour, forced prostitution, forced and early marriage and exploitation and begging. Refugees and asylum seekers, including numerous unaccompanied children from the Sudan and Somalia, have been kidnapped or lured from refugee camps or while en route, sold on and subsequently held captive in Libya or the Sinai desert for purposes of exploitation through extortion.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 37
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- Moreover, migrant workers can also be trafficked into conflict zones by private contractors employed by States and their military forces to support large-scale military operations. While not all situations of contracting and subcontracting involve trafficking for labour exploitation, there have been cases where large firms that hold the prime contract with States and their militaries hire migrant workers through smaller subcontractors or local employment agencies to perform certain tasks, including cleaning, construction, cooking and serving and haircutting.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 74d
- Paragraph text
- [State contracting agencies of armed forces deployed in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, should:] Require and ensure that private individuals or companies they have contracted or subcontracted protect the rights of workers, including migrant workers and refugees, and provide decent working and living conditions to workers, including safeguarding their right to return and their freedom of assembly and association;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69c
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Ensure free-of-charge birth and marriage registration of nationals and non-nationals fleeing conflict, including in internally displaced person and refugee camps, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations, in order to prevent or address potential trafficking in children for sexual and other forms of exploitation and the exploitation of the labour of individuals, particularly underage children and women;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 15
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- In order to provide a description and to establish the nature and scope of the problem, the Special Rapporteur will consider trafficking in conflict from three perspectives: trafficking of persons fleeing conflict; trafficking during conflict; and trafficking in post-conflict situations. In practice, overlapping between these aspects is common. However, it is possible to identify particular features or issues of trafficking associated with each to understand how different situations and vulnerabilities arise and how they can be addressed. Because of a dearth of information, the Special Rapporteur addresses the most common forms of trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69h
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Involve national and local social authorities and civil society organizations in procedures to detect trafficking cases and indications of the risk of trafficking, as well as in the organization of assistance, protection and support for victims and potential victims in cases where a high number of people are identified; such measures must not be made conditional on the initiation of criminal proceedings, the legal qualification of the crime or the cooperation of victims with law enforcement authorities;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Individuals fleeing anticipated or actual conflict, or the aftermath of conflict, are vulnerable to trafficking. The pressure to move is often urgent and intense, leading people to take risks that would be unacceptable under normal circumstances. Conflict weakens State structures, removes protections and enables criminal networks to operate more freely, including across borders. Sometimes trafficking will occur within the conflict zone or in another part of an affected country to which the victims have been displaced. Increasingly, persons who have escaped conflict by fleeing to another country as part of a larger, mixed migration process have become victims of trafficking at some point in their journey or at their destination.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 44
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- The international legal framework around trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations is a composite one that draws on multiple branches of law, including transnational criminal law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, refugee law and human rights law. In some cases, common and overlapping rules operate to ensure that certain protections (e.g., against slavery and forced labour) are applicable in all situations, including international and non-international armed conflict. In other cases, particular rules and protections will apply depending on the nature of the situation under consideration.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- While forcible recruitment of children often involves abduction or coercion, recruiters also appeal to notions of martyrdom or social and economic factors or employ trickery or indoctrination to enlist children. There are instances where the Internet, particularly social media, has been used by extremist groups to exploit the vulnerability of young educated children from middle class families in Western countries to recruit them using deception. Moreover, children are especially vulnerable to being trafficked into military service if they are separated from their families, are displaced from their homes, live in combat areas or have limited access to education.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Youth
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Post-conflict situations are typically characterized by absent or dysfunctional justice and law enforcement institutions; a consequent climate of impunity that fosters violent criminal networks; high levels of poverty and lack of basic resources; significant inequality; large populations of highly vulnerable individuals (displaced persons, returnees, widows, unaccompanied children); fractured communities and lack of trust; and militarized societies tolerant of extreme levels of violence. These features render men, women and children in post-conflict societies especially vulnerable to trafficking.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69f
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Adequately train all stakeholders, including peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel working in conflict zones, in refugee camps and in areas of arrival of large influxes of people fleeing conflict, to identify trafficking or risks of trafficking, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations, host countries and civil society organizations;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Conflict severely affects individuals, families, communities and nations on a global scale. In 2014, 41 active conflicts were identified, with the most acute in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. In the same year, conflict and persecution forced a daily average of 42,500 individuals to leave their homes and seek protection, either within their own country or in other countries. The number of persons displaced because of conflict and persecution in 2014 stood at an unprecedented 59.5 million, a 40 per cent increase in just three years.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69g
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Establish and/or adapt national procedures for assistance and protection services for victims and potential victims of trafficking in persons, including gender- and child-sensitive measures, to detect trafficking cases and indications of the risk of trafficking in all locations where there are large influxes of refugees and migrants, including hotspots, reception centres and administrative detention centres for migrants;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64g
- Paragraph text
- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Establish and/or adapt national referral mechanisms for assistance and protection services, including gender- and child-sensitive measures, for victims and potential victims of trafficking in persons, involving national authorities and civil society organizations in the decision-making, especially relating to the identification and protection of victims and potential victims;
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo