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Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 61a
- Paragraph text
- [Participants identified several other actions and interventions, listed below, which have also helped the Special Rapporteur define areas for further engagement and work under the mandate in strengthening the strategies implemented by multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to detect and tackle trafficking in persons:] Corporate codes and policies must be strengthened to address risks of trafficking and forced labour in recruitment and labour supply chains, and must set out specific protections for migrant and other vulnerable workers;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should provide specific training to auditors and assurance providers on trafficking in persons to improve their skills in risk detection and evaluation of risk indicators; the training should also cover how to interview workers and should raise awareness of worker vulnerabilities, including those related to gender or migration status.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that bilateral and multilateral agreements on labour migration include mechanisms for oversight of recruitment of migrant workers, are concluded between countries of origin, transit and destination, as relevant, and are implemented effectively. States should also ensure that such agreements are consistent with internationally recognized human rights, including fundamental principles and rights at work, and other relevant international human rights instruments and labour standards. Agreements should also contain specific mechanisms to ensure international coordination and cooperation, including on consular protection, and to close regulatory and enforcement gaps related to recruitment across common labour migration corridors.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Regarding lessons learned and challenges in detecting cases of forced labour and trafficking in persons, representatives of the auditing community were asked to consider the strengths and weaknesses of current audit strategies, including how auditors addressed recruitment and migration practices, how they gathered information from workers, and challenges and constraints related to client expectations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The evaluation of the competence of the auditors is also a key concern. The level of understanding of the complexities of detecting trafficking in persons, forced labour and other types of labour exploitation varies among those in the industry. The skills required to, among other things, interview workers, and an auditor’s comprehensive understanding of the specific vulnerabilities of categories of workers, such as migrant or contract workers, are indispensable to ensuring adequate evaluations of a company’s performance on indicators related to trafficking in persons. Unfortunately, one single team of auditors is often charged with the evaluation of the complete set of indicators, including those on other issues, such as deforestation or corruption. It is unlikely that auditors with expertise in environmental concerns would have also the same level of experience in evaluating corporate practices that represent risk indicators of trafficking in persons or forced labour, especially considering the subtle ways in which such practices may be concealed and the fact that workers themselves may be unaware of the wrongfulness of corporate practices that are perceived as common businesses practices, such as compulsory overtime or the payment of recruitment fees.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- States should develop and increase the number of alternative options for regular and safe migration and for legal employment of migrant workers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Budget constraints imposed by client companies and limitations in audit protocols with respect to worker interviews, including the practical challenges of interviewing migrant workers from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, are also key concerns. Given the low levels of awareness among clients about trafficking and forced labour risks and a lack of systems for assessing recruitment and migration practices, the level of detection of trafficking in persons and forced labour cases remains low. An underlying problem identified through the dialogue with the auditing industry is the absence of representatives of that industry at standard-setting negotiations within multi-stakeholder initiatives. As a result, such negotiations can produce auditing protocols that are not effective or practical.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- It was noted that, while social audits had contributed positively to establishing a baseline understanding of human rights and labour conditions in the workplace, other forms of engagement, including training and capacity-building for compliance staff and the development and dissemination of targeted guidance on human trafficking, were equally important. Other types of assessments were also highlighted, including self-assessments carried out by suppliers to evaluate their own compliance with standards and assessments of labour supply chains to review conditions of recruitment and migration, where those conditions pose risks of, inter alia, debt bondage and forced labour for migrant workers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66e
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Workers are provided with a written employment contract that is straightforward and understandable by the workers. Contracts for migrant workers are shared with the workers sufficiently in advance of their deployment;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66o
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Withholding or confiscating passports, other identity documents or work permits is prohibited; in cases where such documents are withheld by employers or labour recruiters as per legal requirement, simple procedures are in place to allow the workers direct and immediate access to the documents at any time;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- Companies should establish a remediation plan in cooperation with the supplier and local and national authorities when a case of trafficking in persons is detected, in order to ensure that workers have effective access to remedies, including compensation, and to appropriate assistance. Any measure adopted should have a human rights-centred approach and be based on the rights of the trafficked person, whose participation in the determination of a solution for their case should be ensured throughout the process. Companies should ensure that, with regard to access to the grievance mechanism and the remediation plan, they consider the specific barriers faced by, and the vulnerabilities of, migrant workers, contract workers, young people and women.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The assurance programme must not only be based on third-party audit mechanisms but also use monitoring schemes that include workers and trade unions as an alternative source of information to allow an ongoing assessment of compliance with the labour-related standards. If necessary, multi-stakeholder initiatives should develop specific guidance to ensure that potentially vulnerable workers, such as migrants, young people and women, are not excluded from monitoring mechanisms.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 111
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure full recognition of the rights of all workers, including migrant workers, to join and form trade unions and to bargain collectively.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that workers have rapid and affordable access to grievance and other dispute resolution mechanisms that enable them to address alleged abuses and fraudulent practices in recruitment and employment without fear of retaliatory measures, including blacklisting, detention or deportation, irrespective of their presence or legal status in the State, and to appropriate and effective remedies where abuses have occurred. States should also ensure, through judicial, administrative, legislative or other means, that when abuses related to recruitment and employment occur within their territory and/or jurisdiction, those affected have access to effective remedies, which may include, but should not necessarily be limited to, compensation. Pending the investigation or resolution of a grievance or dispute, whistle-blowers or complainants should be protected and migrant workers should have timely and effective access to procedures. States should ensure that these mechanisms can be accessed across borders after a worker has returned to his or her country of origin.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that employment contracts are clear and transparent and are respected, and should require and ensure that written contracts of employment are provided to workers specifying the job to be performed and the terms and conditions of employment, including those derived from collective agreements. The contract, or an authoritative copy, should be in the language of the worker or in a language the worker can understand, and the necessary information should be provided in a clear and comprehensive way in order to allow the worker to express his or her free and informed consent. Contracts for migrant workers should be provided sufficiently in advance of their departure from their country of origin. The contracts should not be substituted and should be enforceable in the destination country. While respecting confidentiality and the protection of personal data, Governments may consider the use of information technology to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. In the absence of a written contract, States should ensure that all rights of recruited workers are respected in accordance with existing legislation and regulations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- States should equip embassies abroad to provide services to migrant workers, especially channels for consultations and complaints.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The consultations also fostered robust dialogue on strategies and engagement aimed at promoting workers’ voices and empowerment within sustainability initiatives, especially within compliance monitoring schemes, including complaints hotlines, the use of worker surveys, good practices in engaging workers during audits, training and capacity-building for workers on their rights and responsibilities in the workplace, and training on worker-management dialogue in the workplace. However, ensuring that potentially vulnerable workers, such as migrants, young people and women, were not inadvertently excluded from these new strategies was identified as a challenge.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In addition to national legislative frameworks on the accountability of businesses and the effective transposition of international standards to national labour codes, the existence of national policy and legislative frameworks in other areas also plays an important role in tackling and reducing trafficking in persons and forced labour. While not directly addressing the issue of trafficking in persons, measures such as those to regulate recruitment are crucial in reducing risk factors. Indeed, in 2014 the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants dedicated part of his report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/26/35) to the issue of recruitment in the context of labour exploitation of migrants.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should define indicators to assess the risk level of clients and determine the intensity and frequency of audits. Such indicators should take into account elements such as State ratification and enforcement of relevant international conventions on human rights and labour standards; the existence of regulatory regimes that regulate recruitment activities in accordance with international standards and guidelines; the level of informality within the economic sector in which the client operates; the percentage of vulnerable groups in the client’s workforce, including the number of migrant, temporary, seasonal, contractual or home-based workers; the level of complexity of the client’s labour supply chains; and client’s previous record on these issues.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- States should promote policies aimed at identifying and eliminating barriers to effective access to grievance and other dispute resolution mechanisms, such as complex administrative procedures, unreasonable costs, fear of discrimination or retaliation and dismissal and, in the case of migrant workers, fear of detention or deportation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The benefit of trained law enforcement, peacekeeping and humanitarian personnel has also been mentioned both by States and by other entities active in the field as a means of preventing trafficking in persons, especially women and children. In this regard, several examples of successful joint cooperation between States to train law enforcement officials and to conduct joint anti-trafficking operations were mentioned, including the recent joint exercises between European and African law enforcement officials organized by the Centre of Excellence for Stability Police Units and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which were focused on reducing human trafficking along migrant routes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Conflict-related violence, such as sexual violence, can itself be a driver of forced internal displacement, which in turn increases vulnerability to further exploitation, including through trafficking. For instance, sexual violence by armed groups has forced ethnic minority women and girls in remote rural areas away from their communities and placed them at greater risk of trafficking within the country as well as overseas. Additionally, worsening security situations and overcrowded camps with inadequate basic services cause some internally displaced persons to risk crossing borders in an irregular manner in search of employment, putting themselves at high risk of exploitation because of their lack of legal status. Military attacks on camps further worsens displacement and causes undocumented internally displaced persons, including women and unaccompanied children, to flee their camps, exposing them to the risk of being exploited or trafficked.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64c
- Paragraph text
- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Ensure free-of-charge birth and marriage registration of nationals and non-nationals fleeing conflict, including in internally displaced person and refugee camps, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations, in order to prevent or address potential trafficking in children for sexual and other forms of exploitation and the exploitation of the labour of individuals, particularly underage children and women;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that some 300,000 boys and girls under the age of 18 are involved in more than 30 conflicts worldwide. One in three children in the Kurdistan region of Iraq has been approached for forced or compulsory recruitment in armed conflict. Moreover, children are especially vulnerable to being trafficked into military service by Government armed forces, paramilitary groups and rebel groups if they are separated from their families, are displaced from their homes, live in combat areas or have limited access to education.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 77h
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Increasingly restrictive and exclusionary immigration policies, including criminalization and detention of irregular migrants, insufficient channels for regular migration and family reunification and lack of regular access to the labour market for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants further contribute to an increase in the exploitation of migrants, including through trafficking. This forces migrants, including asylum seekers and refugees fleeing conflict, into the arms of those who can help them circumvent controls.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 72g
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 76b
- Paragraph text
- [The United Nations should:] Address labour exploitation by making all necessary efforts to ensure that, in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, all workers, including migrant workers, employed by State and non-State military actors, their contractors and subcontractors are employed under decent conditions of work, and establish a zero-tolerance policy towards violations of their fundamental rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 71d
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Ban administrative detention of children, in particular, but not only, for violations of immigration laws and regulations;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 74a
- Paragraph text
- [State contracting agencies of armed forces deployed in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, should:] Exercise due diligence when employing workers, including migrant workers, to provide goods and services and help to ensure that businesses operating in conflict and post-conflict areas are not involved in human rights abuses, including trafficking in persons for labour exploitation;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo