Consejos de búsqueda
ordenados por
30 listados de 1127 Entidades
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- At the level of State practice, national Governments dealing with a legacy of systemic violations have been increasingly prone to supplementing the transitional justice mechanisms they put in place with the adoption of reparation initiatives and comprehensive reparation programmes for victims of human rights violations. Such programmes try to simplify a complex reality by selecting, among the violations that took place during the conflict or the repressive period, those that are considered most serious and distributing a set of benefits among victims and family members. Although they vary significantly, these programmes rarely reproduce the five categories of reparations set forth in the Basic Principles and Guidelines. Instead, they are mainly organized around the distinction between material and symbolic measures and modalities of distribution, including individual and collective distribution. Reparation programmes are also being used in consolidated democracies to try to provide redress for specific and systematic practices perpetrated and/or condoned by the State targeting certain groups of the population.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Academic reflection and civil society activism have certainly contributed to placing the question of gender-sensitive reparations on the national and international agenda. In the last few years, the first monographic volumes addressing reparations for women have been seen. Furthermore, feminist transnational movements working on fighting impunity against gender violence in armed conflict are now leading the debate on women and reparations. The Nairobi Declaration on Women's and Girls' Right to a Remedy and Reparation adopted in 2007 by women's rights advocates and activists and survivors of sexual violence in situations of conflict is the best expression of this transnational growing concern to provide women and girls with adequate reparations. Mobilization concerning reparations at the national level by victims' groups, human rights groups and women's associations has also increased.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Another advantage of reparations programmes crafted through legislative or administrative schemes is that victims, victims' groups and civil society in general can be involved in the process in more proactive ways than judicial proceedings allow for. This not only facilitates access to the information needed for the proper design of a programme, but has in and of itself a reparative effect, by conveying a sense of agency. While this is true for all victims in general, it may be even more so for women, given that they ordinarily face more difficulties reaching the public sphere and interacting with the State.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The definition of "victim" endorsed by the Basic Principles and Guidelines assumes that, although the violation of a right is a precondition for the right to reparation, the relationship between the right and the violation, for purposes of reparation, is mediated by the notion of harm. As a result, the potential rights holders include not only victims, but also others, such as close family members and dependants, who are affected or harmed as a consequence of the violation. This notion of victim that links rights and harms allows for the reflection that every gross violation generates a "community of harm" which impacts others to be reflected. Bringing the notion of harm to the fore can also allow victims to be prioritized according to the severity of the harm endured. Both expanding beneficiaries and prioritizing victims and beneficiaries according to harm can have important consequences for women.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- For more than 25 years, the global movement against violence against women has worked to "transform significantly the place of women and the status of gender based violence within the human rights discourse". In 1985, the Third World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, held in Nairobi, marked the end of the United Nations Decade for Women (1976-1985) and evaluated progress made by the international community in achieving the goals of equality, development and peace for women. The Nairobi Conference "reaffirm[ed] the international concern regarding the status of women and provide[d] a framework for renewed commitment by the international community to the advancement of women and the elimination of gender-based discrimination". Violence against women was one of the concerns raised by participants at this meeting.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- With this scheme in mind and thinking about women as potential beneficiaries of reparations, the first hurdle relates to the fact that much of the violence that women and girls experience predates the conflict and only continues to aggravate the discrimination to which they are subjected in the post-conflict scenario. Even in non-conflict scenarios, acts of violence against women are part of a larger system of gender hierarchy that can only be fully grasped when seen in the broader structural context. Therefore, adequate reparations for women cannot simply be about returning them to where they were before the individual instance of violence, but instead should strive to have a transformative potential. Reparations should aspire, to the extent possible, to subvert, instead of reinforce, pre-existing structural inequality that may be at the root causes of the violence the women experience before, during and after the conflict.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- One example relates to forced sterilization programmes and the emergence of judicial awards of compensation. Many such sterilization policies were instituted in countries around the world, usually as part of eugenics programmes to prevent the reproduction of members of the population considered to be carriers of "defective genetic or social traits". Women were sterilized without informed consent: several died from post-surgery complications, while others faced health problems, psychological complications, unemployment and family isolation. More recently in certain countries, abusive practices in the implementation of sexual and reproductive health programmes as part of population control policies have led to systemic violations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Some States have strengthened inter-agency cooperation to prevent violence through the adoption of national action plans on violence against women. In some cases, national women's institutes have been established or commissioners/ ombudspersons appointed to act as focal points, at times in collaboration with civil society organizations. The effectiveness of these mechanisms can be undermined if they are marginalized in the national agenda or are not provided with sufficient financial or human resources to operate. For example, it is not uncommon for gender focal points within Government agencies to lack decision-making authority or the capacity to influence the agenda of their institutions. The Special Rapporteur has also expressed concern at the absence of effective coordination mechanisms between the police, forensic services, and the prosecutorial system, which remain critical to prevent violence by combating impunity and instilling public trust in the justice system.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- In the aftermath of violent conflict, when "normalcy" is restored, women are subject to new and sometimes higher levels of violence from men whom they know in the family and the community. Internalization of violent mechanisms of conflict resolution, accumulated and unresolved feelings of male impotence and frustration, male anxiety around the empowerment of women who have become politically visible during the conflict or simply the increased vulnerability of women may be some of the reasons that make women the targets of rising levels of violence after official peace or democracy has been declared. Reparations programmes that take place at one given point in time and inevitably look to the past have inherent limitations to address future violations. However, the type of guarantees of non-repetition can ground practical obligations on the part of the State to take into account the foreseeable short- and medium-term legacies of its violent past for women and, more specifically, adopt measures to avoid the exploitation of new forms of vulnerability.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The inclusion of gross violations against women in the list of wrongdoings that will trigger reparations has to be underpinned by the notion that the same violations may entail different harms for men and women, but also for women and girls from cultural minorities. For instance, harms emanating from sexual violence - including the contraction of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, undesired pregnancies, complications due to often unsafe abortions, unwanted children, loss of reproductive capacity, fistulas and vaginal injuries, and multiple psychological disorders - are always compounded with social stigmatization and ostracism by the family and/or community, subsequent emotional distress, loss of status and the possibility to marry or have a male protector, and access communal resources. None of the reparations programmes in the post-conflict or post-authoritarian scenario has explicitly referred to forms of reproductive violence (such as forced impregnation, forced abortion or forced sterilization) as separate categories. Explicit recognition and visibility of various forms of violence and the ensuing harm is required for responsive reparation programmes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Because reparations are often discussed in situations of scarce resources, placing the emphasis on rehabilitation services rather than compensation payments may seem a tempting alternative, as it combines development and reparations concerns. In the aftermath of violence, women often think of material assistance in terms of rehabilitation and reintegration, thus prioritizing their basic needs and those of their family members. The kinds of basic goods and services that women ask for are typically those that they are disparately deprived of ordinarily and that they need most in situations where their family responsibilities increase. This poses an interesting dilemma, as it creates a risk of blurring the conceptual distinction between reparations benefits and social rights, services and development measures to which the general population is entitled. At the same time, however, in many real-case scenarios, the dire poverty and destitution of victims implies that those basic services are what victims will inevitably prioritize, especially when they have no good reason - judging by their experience - to expect that they will be able to access them on any other grounds.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Who apologizes, what for, where and how can all be relevant considerations in assessing whether women will get adequate symbolic redress. Given women's predisposition to focus on the pain of their loved ones, it would be interesting to devise ways to duly recognize the individual dimension of such suffering and resilience. Personal letters of apology can be the best way of recognizing women when accompanied by public gestures of recognition. However, it is important not to forget that women and girls who carry the stigma of their victimization, such as victims of sexual violence, might have much to lose from public recognition of their victimization if they are named.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- A form of collective harm that deserves particular attention is group-based harm as a result of group-based affiliation. Collective measures of redress may be thought of as particularly apposite to address the legacy of violence on the identity or status of groups such as indigenous peoples. Women or children, however, are rarely thought of in collective terms, even though gender-specific and age-specific forms of violence happen to women and children precisely because they are women and children. Women and girls should not be rendered invisible under the notion of the collective and should be consulted at all stages of discussions.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- In many settings, for a tort claim to be initiated, financial means and a defendant who has money to pay for the damage are necessary. Other obstacles that women encounter when trying to obtain damages against perpetrators through courts include: statutes of limitations; inter-spousal and intrafamilial tort immunity rules; overly strict or inadequate rules and interpretations of the causality link in the assessment of harms; and inadequate evidence standards and procedures for quantifying damages which may have a negative disparate impact on women (such as limiting compensation to economic loss, setting caps on non-economic loss or measuring loss solely or primarily based on the loss of future earning capacity measured through statistical evaluation). Insurance schemes may not be effective either because basic coverage is usually restricted to compensatory damages - which often do not cover intentional torts or exempt claims against spouses - or because claims have to be brought during the term of the policy.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- During her visit to the United States, the Special Rapporteur visited the Hennepin County Domestic Abuse Service Center in Minnesota, a "one stop centre" that offers services to women victims of violence. An innovative feature of this centre is that it hosts in the same building several city, county and advocacy agencies that help victims during the entire judicial process. Advocates at the centre not only help victims complete the necessary paperwork to request a protection order and explain the civil and criminal court process, but they also accompany victims to court, help them create safety plans for them and their families, help them find shelter or temporary housing, and refer them to other resources and service providers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Prosecution of domestic and other forms of family violence remains low. El Salvador saw a decline from 4,890 (2003) to 1,240 (2007) in the number of judicial proceedings in intra-family violence cases initiated in family courts. The Special Rapporteur recurrently hears accounts of police officers encouraging informal resolutions and reconciliation between the parties rather than arresting the perpetrators. In Zambia, women preferred conciliation primarily due to family pressure and economic dependency on the abuser. Women facing multiple forms of discrimination, such as immigrant and indigenous women or women belonging to a minority, may be particularly reluctant to reach out to the authorities, who they may perceive as oppressive rather than protective. The Special Rapporteur received reports of the arrest of women of colour and of minority women following domestic violence incidents during her visit to the United States of America.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The twenty-third special session of the General Assembly on the five-year review of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action clearly demonstrated that violence against women had become a priority issue on the agenda of many Member States. The outcome document of the session went a step further in calling on States to "treat all forms of violence against women and girls of all ages as a criminal offence punishable by law, including violence based on all forms of discrimination". In 2010, at the Beijing + 15 review, Member States recognized that implementation of the Beijing Declaration and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women was mutually reinforcing in the quest to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of women and emphasized the interdependency between the implementation of these commitments and achieving the internationally agreed development goals.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The section below describes prevalence and illustrations of manifestations of violence against women in each of the four spheres by drawing on findings from the country visits undertaken by the Special Rapporteur between 2009 and 2011 (Kyrgyzstan, Algeria, El Salvador, Zambia, United States of America), as well as findings of previous mandate-holders. As such, it does not purport at providing an exhaustive account of forms of violence against women globally, but rather seeks to highlight examples of how such violence can manifest itself by selecting main themes covered and encountered by the Special Rapporteur.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- To date, theories about why violence happens have failed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how various forms of discrimination, beyond a male/female gender binary, contextualize, exacerbate, and correlate to high levels of violence in given societies. The lack of an intersectional approach can lead to the reinforcing of one form of discrimination in attempts to alleviate another. At the practical level, the norm is to use a silo approach of service delivery which addresses a narrowly defined set of issues, and operates alongside other institutions which deliver services to another narrowly defined issue. For example, domestic violence shelters in many countries do not have the capacity, or the trained staff, to assist women who have problems such as both substance misuse and violence in their lives.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- A holistic approach to addressing the relationship between inequality and violence against women allows for the matching of local level responses that best address the particular needs related to violence in their specific contexts. One example would be literacy programmes for rural women. In many contexts, rural women and also recent immigrants have lower literacy rates than their urban counterparts and citizens of the country. Therefore, a way to eliminate one form of intra-gender inequality is to improve access to literacy programmes and educational opportunities. Such programmes can also lead to women accessing other programmes and resources to address violence against them.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Education
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Irregular women migrants, women asylum seekers and refugees are particularly vulnerable to violence in the transnational arena. During the country mission to Zambia, the Special Rapporteur was informed that female migrants, especially those engaging in sex work, are often subjected to sexual abuse and at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS due to their inability to negotiate safe sex. Also, their irregular status makes them reluctant to seek health care. Similarly, immigrant women in the United States of America often suffer higher rates of battering as they have less access to legal, social and support services. Testimonies from undocumented immigrant women living with a United States partner reveal hesitation to seek assistance from authorities when facing abuse due to fear of deportation. It was also indicated that abusers may not initiate the process to acquire permanent residence status for their foreign partner or wife as a way to maintain their power and control over these women.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In Vertido v. Philippines, which concerned the sexual assault of a woman and the subsequent acquittal of the perpetrator based on gender-based myths and misconceptions about rape, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women found the State party in violation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The Committee noted the obligations of States parties to the Convention to take appropriate measures to modify or abolish not only existing laws and regulations, but also customs and practices that constitute discrimination against women. In this regard, the Committee stressed that stereotyping affects women's right to a fair and just trial and underlined that the judiciary must take caution not to create inflexible standards of what women or girls should be or what they should have done when confronted with a situation of rape, based merely on preconceived notions of what defines a rape victim or a victim of gender-based violence, in general.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted in 2006 and entered into force in 2008. The preamble acknowledges that disability is an evolving concept, and that the full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others is negatively impacted by the interaction between persons with impairments and the attitudinal and environmental barriers that exist. The Convention is more progressive than the Standard Rules in its purpose to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. It also reflects the "nothing about us without us" principle of inclusion of persons with disabilities.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Persons with disabilities
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Civil and political rights are critical for human rights to flourish, but they often disproportionately privilege some women, men, and groups who have access to resources, education, and various forms of social control. Less attention to economic, social, and cultural rights inhibits policymakers' abilities to assess how differently positioned women within urban and rural contexts, racial and ethnic hierarchies, and within different socio-economic groups are experiencing forms of discrimination as they intersect with violence against women. When insufficient attention is paid to different forms of structural violence it is easy to ignore the ways that various rights are privileged over other rights, and how this, in turn, negatively impacts women.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Women who are lacking social and cultural capital, due to their minority or immigration status, language barriers, religious or ethnic affiliation, sexual orientation and/or gender identity or educational attainment, are also at greater risk of long-term health consequences. They may be denied proper health or medical services, they may fear the consequences of asking for medical assistance, they may receive improper or low quality care, or they may live in places where no health services are available. Women who suffer from cognitive and/or physical disabilities are further negatively impacted since the stigma of disability is persistent in most countries, and they therefore may not be viewed as requiring care, or may live in places where no specialized care is available.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities in prison also face discrimination upon their assignment to a particular facility, due to misclassification of their risk level. In the Handbook on Prisoners with Special Needs, UNODC also noted that, owing to the limited accommodation available for them, female prisoners in a number of countries are housed in security levels not justified by their risk assessment undertaken upon admission. This is exemplified in cases where a prisoner who would normally be placed in an open facility can instead be sent to secure custody, should a member of the medical, psychological or psychiatric staff decide that the medical and support services required are unavailable in open custody.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Women in institutions who need support services are usually more vulnerable. Vulnerability, both in institutions and in community settings, can range from the risk of isolation, boredom and lack of stimulation, to the risk of physical and sexual abuse. Evidence suggests that people with disabilities are at higher risk of abuse for various reasons, including dependence on a large number of caregivers and also because of barriers to communication. One study found that the majority (68 per cent) of psychiatric outpatients in a hospital had experienced major physical and/or sexual assaults therein, a higher frequency than in the general population.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities make up a significant part of the world's population. According to the 2011 World Report on Disability of the World Health Organization and World Bank, it is estimated that approximately 15 per cent of the world's population lives with some form of disability. The disability level threshold indicates that the male disability prevalence rate is 12 and the female 19.2. Based on such figures, it is clear that women with disabilities constitute a significant portion of the global population. Despite the evolution of normative frameworks concerning both the human rights of women and of persons with disabilities, the impact of the combined effects of both gender and disability have not gained sufficient attention, and violence against women with disabilities remains largely unaddressed.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- It is undisputed that inequality and discrimination, including intersecting forms of discrimination, causes violence against women. Such violence cuts across gender, race, class, geographical location, religion or belief, educational attainment, ability and sexuality. Examples of inequality and discrimination can also be noted in patriarchy and ideologies of male supremacy and female subordination. Feminists have traditionally argued that in societies where there is more gender equity, less violence against women is found. But recent studies have reconsidered this point in light of research which documents high levels of violence against women in societies with greater parity in pay, access to Government and business participation, education and health care.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- It is argued that the term feminicide could be usefully adopted when holding governments to account at the international level, as it highlights the impunity and the institutional violence aspect of such crimes, which are caused by States' acts or omissions. Institutional violence against women and their families is present in all aspects of States' responses to the killings of women. This can include: tolerance, the blaming of victims, lack of access to justice and effective remedies, negligence, threats, corruption and abuse by officials. Under this scenario, femicide/feminicide is a State crime tolerated by public institutions and officials, due to the inability to prevent, protect and guarantee the lives of women, who have consequently experienced multiple forms of discrimination and violence throughout their lifetime.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo