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The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 23d
- Paragraph text
- [At the international level, definitional issues continue to be controversial, especially in terms of whether social protection floors should be seen as a matter of human rights and whether they should be universal and unconditional. Before examining those dimensions, it is appropriate to take note of the approach reflected in ILO recommendation No. 202. As the culmination of many initiatives, both within and well beyond the ILO context, it has become the principal benchmark against which social protection floors should be designed, implemented and evaluated. The main elements of recommendation No. 202 are as follows:] Social protection floors should include at least basic social security guarantees for health care and also for income security for children, older persons and those unable to work, in particular in cases of sickness, unemployment, maternity, and disability;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Proponents of the Initiative have also attached great weight to instrumentalist arguments that suggest a compelling economic pay-off from social protection. The United Nations Development Group, for example, has argued that social protection "is essentially an investment in human capital, which will contribute to greater labour productivity and pro-poor economic growth in the long run" and in the Human Development Report 2014 the authors have noted that "by providing an additional and predictable layer of support, social protection programmes help households avoid selling off assets, taking children out of school or postponing necessary medical care, all detrimental to their long term well-being."
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- A significant obstacle in breaking this cycle of penalization and poverty is the inability of persons living in poverty to access legal assistance, as they are unable to afford private legal representation and legal aid is often unavailable or inadequate. Without access to competent, comprehensive legal assistance, the poorest and most excluded are further disadvantaged in their dealings with authorities, not only when they are facing criminal charges, but also with respect to administrative procedures such as child protection cases, benefit fraud matters or eviction and immigration proceedings.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Onerous conditions are often attached to the receipt of social benefits in order to gain political support and assure the public that only the "deserving" poor are receiving support. For example, some conditional cash transfer programmes in low- and middle-income countries pay cash to heads of households (generally women) in exchange for their commitment to do something in return, such as enrolling children in school and ensuring their attendance, or participating in health programmes. Although these conditions do encourage investment in human capital, they also impose additional burdens on women, whose needs are often ignored in designing the programme. The lack of a serious gender approach may perpetuate gender stereotypes about traditional household roles and responsibilities, and trigger domestic violence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Women are also exposed to State interference in their private and family lives in other respects. In particular, States' ever-increasing preference for child protection interventions overwhelmingly affects poor women specifically, and persons living in poverty more generally. Research shows a clear and consistent link between child protection intervention and the disadvantage and marginalization of the families involved. Poverty must not be mistaken for child neglect. Often States disproportionately target children in poor families for child protection proceedings instead of channelling their efforts towards addressing the root causes of child poverty.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The right to work also requires States parties to take positive measures to enable and assist unpaid caregivers to enjoy the right to work without discrimination and to implement technical and vocational education plans to facilitate access to employment. To this end, States will need to actively consider the constraints faced by unpaid caregivers in the design and implementation of plans, programmes and other measures. Moreover, States must take measures to progressively ensure access to quality and affordable public services, such as facilities for children and dependents, that enable caregivers to undertake paid work.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- As part of their core obligations States must ensure the right of access to health facilities, goods, information and services - including in the area of sexual and reproductive health - on a non-discriminatory basis, especially for vulnerable or marginalized groups. They must therefore remove all barriers to access for women living in poverty with unpaid care responsibilities, and provide services that are sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements, including the demands and constraints of unpaid care work, for example by providing childcare facilities and services within the community. States also have an obligation to ensure, as a matter of priority, access to reproductive, prenatal, postnatal and child health care.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The right to participation of people living in poverty 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- In order to ensure that people living in poverty can participate on an equal basis, participants should be reimbursed for all costs related to attendance at meetings, including upfront, hidden and opportunity costs. At a minimum, participants must be reimbursed for transportation costs, and, if appropriate, their time, and on-site childcare should be provided. Organizers must provide a secure, safe atmosphere. Participation procedures must allow for the full expression of the views of people living in poverty, in a timely manner and based on their full understanding of the issues involved, so that they may be able to affect the outcome.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In order to create an enabling legal framework, States must ensure comprehensive equality and non-discrimination legislation. This should include explicit prohibition of discrimination on the basis of maternity and family or carer responsibilities in all areas of public life, and the right to equal pay for equal work. These laws and regulations must cover part-time, atypical and informal workers. Similarly, the legal framework must include reproductive rights, prohibit child marriage and remove any remaining family laws in place, including those relating to divorce, inheritance and division of marital property.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Extreme inequality and human rights 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Economic inequalities not only impair civil and political rights but also negatively affect the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights. A good example is the right to health. According to the World Bank, "infants from poorer families and children from rural areas are more likely to die than their peers from richer families and urban areas" and the poor are "considerably less likely than the non-poor to have access to high-impact health services, such as skilled delivery care, antenatal care, and complementary feeding." The Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission found that "people from lower occupational classes who have less education and income tend to die at younger ages and to suffer, within their shorter lifetimes, a higher prevalence of various health problems" and that "these differences in health conditions do not merely reflect worse outcomes for people at the very bottom of the socio-economic scale but extend to people throughout the socio-economic hierarchy, i.e. they display a 'social gradient'". The World Health Assembly, in its resolution WHA62.14, has also affirmed the recommendation of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health on the need "to tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money and resources".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The Social Protection Floor Initiative should also be a focus of attention for many of the special procedures mandate holders dealing with relevant issues. The initiative is of particular importance for those concerned with the rights of children, women, persons with disabilities, older persons and others.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- However, many social insurance and social assistance programmes that are integral parts of the welfare state differ in crucial respects from basic income. A study of 108 countries where child benefit or family benefit schemes were anchored in national legislation found that only 49 of them had non-contributory schemes. And contributory schemes generally only cover those in formal employment. They are therefore not universal, and often impose conditions, such as actively searching for work or undergoing medical tests. Moreover, they often go well beyond a floor, by compensating in part or in full for lost earnings.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- There are many examples of social protection programmes that directly target improvements in the school enrolment of children of beneficiary households by imposing conditionalities (co-responsibilities) related to school attendance and performance rates. Moreover, programmes that lack an explicit focus on schooling can also have a positive impact on the education level of children. For example, research shows that social pensions (non-contributory pensions for older persons) in Brazil, South Africa and Namibia have been used by grandparents to pay their grandchildren's school fees.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 82e
- Paragraph text
- [In this context, the Special Rapporteur wishes to present the following recommendations:] Access to legal representation is of utmost importance and underpins all forms of penalization of persons living in poverty. States shall ensure quality legal aid for the poorest segments of society, not only for criminal proceedings but also with respect to issues which are particularly relevant for persons living in poverty, such as social benefit appeals, eviction and child protection procedures;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Households with children headed by older persons and households consisting only of older persons, in particular single women, tend to be more vulnerable to poverty. The occurrence of poverty is particularly high in countries with large migratory trends and in countries hit by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Single older persons tend to be poorer in both developed and developing countries.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- In practice, however, restrictions on legal standing in many States directly and indirectly exclude persons living in poverty from accessing judicial and adjudicatory mechanisms. For example, in some States, legislatures and judicial systems limit standing for certain groups, such as women and children. Discriminatory laws deprive women of legal competency and require that they be under male guardianship before instituting a claim or giving evidence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Policymakers must ensure that unpaid care work does not hamper women's equal enjoyment of the right to social security. Social security and social assistance programmes must take account of women's unequal burden of unpaid care work. For example, States must take measures to ensure that social insurance schemes are designed to take account of factors, including child-rearing periods, that prevent women from making equal contributions.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The absence of conditionality is a key dimension for most basic income proponents. This means that no conditions, such as children’s attendance at school or proof of job searches, must be met before the income is paid. People are thus not compelled to accept unpleasant or unattractive jobs. The latter would be filled either by machines, or by people attracted by a higher pay level.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Conditional cash transfer programmes, in which women are expected to take full responsibility for meeting the conditions attached to programme participation (such as ensuring that children attend school and undergo compulsory medical check-ups) can be of particular concern. By imposing such responsibilities only on women, programmes may perpetuate gender stereotypes, limit women's ability to work and further undermine their well-being. Additional demands on their time may limit women's ability to seek health care (particularly if health-care centres are not easily accessible and childcare is unavailable) or further deprive them of leisure time. In some situations, such requirements can place a woman at risk of violence or abuse within the household for not having ensured compliance and thus having lost the benefit. They can also create scope for abuse by the relevant authorities, such as teaching personnel or health service providers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- The interdependence and the mutually reinforcing nature of human rights demand that States approach social protection holistically. They require that States establish a network of policies and programmes that collectively support the realization of all rights and the highest possible level of development. For example, if States are concerned exclusively with achieving Millennium Development Goal 2, they might opt for policies that will increase the overall number of children in school, but fail to ensure equal access to education. Conversely, if a State recognizes that the objective is not simply to achieve Goal 2, but also to provide for the right of everyone, without discrimination of any kind, to a high-quality education - which, in the longer term, will do more to help overcome poverty - policymakers will need to examine how social protection could better assist in meeting Millennium Development Goal targets in a manner that addresses issues of social inequality and vulnerability.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Assessing poverty among older people is a complex exercise, and several factors cause household surveys to underestimate poverty among older persons. For example, there is a lack of understanding of the dynamics of dependency upon different family members. Disaggregated data on this issue is lacking, which leads to a lack of understanding of how income is distributed within a household and of the specific situation of older persons within that household. Measures of old-age poverty that rely on household income ignore the fact that in many multigenerational households resources are allocated disproportionately towards children and those of working age.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Another condition that is increasingly being adopted by States is the requirement that those who receive unemployment, single parent or disability benefits participate in employment or training programmes. While transferring skills and knowledge required for reintegration into the workforce may be an important objective, often these programmes are implemented in the absence of enabling conditions, such as the provision of childcare facilities, or without consideration of structural barriers such as the realities of the current labour market, characterized by high unemployment and rapidly modernizing industries. Programmes place a heavy emphasis on "graduation" from benefits to employment, without giving due consideration to the actual needs of the beneficiaries and often without providing them with the assistance they need to obtain sustainable, productive and decent work.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Persons living in poverty will often struggle to navigate the child protection process, which in many countries is an extremely intrusive, adversarial process. Child protection interventions often fail to provide families with sufficient information about the process, and in many countries there is no mandated free legal aid in child protection proceedings. As a result, there is a serious power imbalance between the State and families living in poverty, and a real risk that the judicial process may lead to unnecessary termination or limitation of parental rights or to other results detrimental to the child's best interests.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The right to be recognized as a person before the law is a fundamental human right (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, art. 16, and Convention on the Rights of the Child, art. 7), and is at the core of the right to access justice. Many persons living in poverty are de facto deprived of accessing courts and other public services as they lack legal identity. With more than 50 million births going unregistered every year, the lack of formal registration is a considerable barrier to legal recognition before the law, which has a disproportionate impact on the poorest and most marginalized. Without recognition, individuals are unable to access social services or to access courts to seek remedies for violations of their human rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Children
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In order to ensure that women enjoy all their rights on equal terms with men, States must take all appropriate measures to ensure that care responsibilities are equally shared by men and women. The Convention expressly refers to the sharing of responsibility among men and women and wider society in regard to the upbringing of children (preamble). It notes that States parties must ensure "the recognition of the common responsibility of men and women in the upbringing and development of their children" (article 5). This provision requires States to combat patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men within the family and society at large, and to address discrimination in education and employment and the compatibility of work requirements and family needs. States must, inter alia, prohibit discrimination or dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy or maternity and ensure that men and women have equal opportunities to choose their profession or occupation (see for example articles 11.2 and 16).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Owing to structural discrimination, girls are sometimes taken out of school to undertake unpaid care work, such as housework and care of younger children. Even more frequently girls' equal chances to achieve in education are hampered because they have less time for studying, networking or socializing at school as a result of these duties. This is likely to occur especially when mothers are disabled or deceased, as girls are expected to assume their unpaid care obligations. For women with children, lack of support, from within the household and from the State, may mean that they have to forsake skills development, training opportunities and further education in order to undertake childcare and domestic work. Therefore, women and girls are not able to enjoy their right to education, or its positive effects such as empowerment and economic opportunity, on an equal basis with men, with great social and economic losses to the society as a whole.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Fiscal and macroeconomic policies are no exception. In order to better uphold the human rights of women caregivers living in poverty, States should, inter alia, design tax systems to proactively promote an equal sharing of both paid and unpaid work between women and men, and implement food and fuel price stabilization policies. Especially given the effects of unpaid care on productivity and the labour force, States should analyse and design macroeconomic policy taking into account unpaid care. Expenditure cuts must not be made in ways that add to the amount of unpaid work that women have to do in families and communities. Similarly, employment creation programmes must not ignore the reality of unpaid care work, as the long-term effects of precarious work, and care deficits to children, ill or elderly persons may far outweigh the short-term gains in income for individuals or countries.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The right to participation of people living in poverty 2013, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Education is a key human right in itself, and a means by which disadvantaged adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and participate fully in their communities (E/C.12/1999/10, para. 1). The right to education, as reflected in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, specifically provides that education shall "enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society"; educational programmes should therefore transmit the necessary knowledge to enable full participation, on an equal footing, in local and national communities (E/C.12/GC/21, para. 27).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The World Bank and human rights 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- The starting point for any policy is to acknowledge that human rights are relevant to the twin goals of the Bank. Exactly how that relevance should manifest itself in different situations and policies is a matter to be explored and developed over time. It makes sense in such contexts to move with all deliberate speed. In the longer term, a change of culture within the Bank would be required, as has often been remarked in relation to safeguards and other concerns by internal evaluation mechanisms. When UNICEF adopted a policy grounded in the rights of the child, it took considerable time for the internal culture to change, just as it will in the case of others. Training will be an essential component, but if any organization is capable of mastering a new policy direction of this kind, it is the Bank.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Extreme inequality and human rights 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Studies have demonstrated the negative effect of income inequality upon the right to education. A 2014 study published by OECD showed that "increased income disparities depress skills development among individuals with poorer parental education background, both in terms of the quantity of education attained (e.g. years of schooling), and in terms of its quality (i.e. skill proficiency)" and that "higher inequality lowers the opportunities of education (and social mobility) of disadvantaged individuals in the society, an effect that dominates the potentially positive impacts through incentives". Another study showed that the youngest children in Ecuador, irrespective of wealth quintile or education of their parents, performed broadly as well as their comparators, but that, as they got older, only those children in the top half of the wealth distribution and with highly educated parents maintained their performance relative to their comparators.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo