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The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Important initiatives include Bolsa Familia and Brasil Sem Miséria in Brazil, Oportunidades in Mexico, Asignación Universal por Hijo para protección social in Argentina, a social transfer scheme in Zambia, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in India, the Productive Safety Nets programme in Ethiopia, a universal pension scheme in Namibia and the provision of universal access to basic health services in Thailand. The programme in Brazil has grown from covering 3.6 million families in 2003 to 13.8 million in 2012, while a solidarity-based pension system in Chile went from 560,000 beneficiaries in 2008 to 1.1 million in 2012. In China, the Di bao reforms aim to create social insurance and assistance programmes to protect the entire population against economic insecurity and physical infirmity. Overall, there has, as the World Bank observes, been "an exponential growth in social safety nets, especially cash-based programs".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- When acting as a member of an international organization, a State remains responsible for its own conduct in relation to its human rights obligations within and outside its territory. This includes identifying the possible human rights impact of measures agreed at the international level, including the impact on persons living in poverty. Therefore, when a State makes decisions about loans as a member of an international financial institution, careful consideration of human rights obligations would mitigate against imposing conditions regarding fiscal policies that may jeopardize the human rights of the borrower State's population or undermine that State's ability to use maximum available resources to realize economic, social and cultural rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, States parties to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights have an immediate core obligation to ensure the satisfaction of, at the very least, minimum essential levels of all economic, social and cultural rights. These minimum essential levels are entitlements that are crucial to securing an adequate standard of living through basic subsistence, essential primary health care, basic shelter and housing and basic forms of education for all members of society. Even during times of severe resource constraints, States must demonstrate that every effort has been made to use all resources that are at its disposal, including resources that could potentially be collected through taxation, or tackling tax evasion and other illicit financial flows, in an effort to satisfy, as a matter of priority, minimum essential levels.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Taxation policies also have the potential to reduce income and wealth inequalities, depending on their level and progressiveness. This is a crucial goal, because inequalities have been shown to slow the pace of poverty reduction, create intergenerational poverty traps through uneven access to health and education, and increase the vulnerability of societies to economic crises. Some research has shown that improvement in income distribution is the key channel for poverty reduction. In most economies, the redistribution achieved through income taxes is even higher than for means-tested social transfers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In the same vein, the more a State can rely on domestic rather than external resource mobilization for its financing, the more it will be able to deploy sustainable development strategies and policies that are responsive to the needs of its people and accountable to them. Therefore, a sustainable base of domestic revenue becomes an enabling factor to exercise the right to self-determination and the right of all persons to take part in the conduct of public affairs. In this regard, it will also be crucial to build public confidence that these resources are being well used by, for example, increasing public participation and oversight of budgeting and expenditure.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Taxation is critical to finance development and can be a powerful tool for stimulating poverty reduction. Higher and more stable revenues result in increased sustainable investment in public services, infrastructure and other development needs, and improve competitiveness of economies over the long term. Taxes are not the only source of government revenue, but they are arguably the most important, because they combine three critical functions, addressed below: (a) the generation of revenue for the realization of rights; (b) achieving equality and tackling discrimination; and (c) strengthening governance and accountability.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The right to self-determination, enshrined in both the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, expressly encompasses the rights of peoples (not the State or Government) to freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources. Considering that many natural resources are finite and non-renewable, this right needs to be protected with special care, taking into account the rights of future generations. At the very least, a State's population has a right to enjoy a fair share of the financial and social benefits that natural resources can bring. This requires ensuring participation, access to information and high standards of transparency and accountability in decision-making about the use of natural resources. Where indigenous peoples are involved, States have additional and specific obligations, including ensuring free, prior and informed consent in any decisions regarding the use of their lands.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- States must devote the "maximum available resources" to ensure the progressive realization of all economic, social and cultural rights as expeditiously and effectively as possible, even during times of severe resource constraints, whether caused by a process of adjustment, economic recession or other factors. This principle should guide the State's decisions and priorities in generating, mobilizing and allocating resources in order to permit the realization of human rights. The obligation of progressive realization independent of economic growth also exists; it requires the effective use of available resources, including potential resources that could be raised through reasonable efforts, such as taxation measures and international assistance and cooperation. Other areas are also critical for mobilizing resources, including debt and deficit financing, monetary policy and financial regulation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The emergence of the Social Protection Floor Initiative at the international level has been well documented. In telegraphic form, most analyses begin with the harsh adjustment policies associated with the "Washington Consensus" of the 1980s, the reaction to those policies by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and other actors, the World Summit for Social Development in 1995, the poverty reduction strategies championed by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), starting in the late 1990s, and the focus on poverty in the Millennium Development Goals. Social security then began to re-emerge as a priority concern, thanks in large part to the engagement of ILO. It launched a global campaign on social security in 2003, followed by the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization in 2004, along with a series of other steps endorsed by the International Labour Conference.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur explores three key areas in which government revenue-raising policies or practices can facilitate the enjoyment of human rights below.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Progressive tax systems, in particular direct taxes, are one of the most important tools available to Governments in addressing income inequality. Personal income tax is one of the most progressive and important kinds of tax in this regard. Indirect taxes, such as those based on consumption (such as value-added or sales taxes) are typically regressive, because they generally constitute a larger proportion of the income of people living in poverty; for example, in Latin America, on average for the poorest 20 per cent of the population, sales tax accounts for 13.7 per cent of their income, while only 5.8 per cent of income for the richest 20 per cent. Thus, despite exemptions aimed at decreasing the burden on lower-income groups, the poor bear a tax burden 2.4 times higher than that of the wealthiest people. Women, who tend to use larger portions of their income on basic goods because of gender norms that assign them responsibility for the care of dependents, bear the regressive brunt of consumption taxes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Universal pensions require the simplest structure with the lowest administrative costs and therefore are more likely to be successful in achieving their aims. Many developing countries provide universal pensions, such as Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Namibia, Nepal and Samoa. Universal pensions avoid creating disincentives for low-income workers to save for their old age and disincentives for older persons to continue working beyond retirement age. They can also reduce opportunities for corruption, as they are available to all who meet the age requirement and there is no stigma attached.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Onerous conditions are often attached to the receipt of social benefits in order to gain political support and assure the public that only the "deserving" poor are receiving support. For example, some conditional cash transfer programmes in low- and middle-income countries pay cash to heads of households (generally women) in exchange for their commitment to do something in return, such as enrolling children in school and ensuring their attendance, or participating in health programmes. Although these conditions do encourage investment in human capital, they also impose additional burdens on women, whose needs are often ignored in designing the programme. The lack of a serious gender approach may perpetuate gender stereotypes about traditional household roles and responsibilities, and trigger domestic violence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- In many countries in the global South, growing numbers of women are compelled to migrate in order to provide for the future of their family, often as a result of shortages of well-remunerated jobs at home. Often migrant women take on jobs abroad as domestic workers, in what has been called the "global care chain". Migrant workers therefore fill the unmet need for care services in the richer destinations, while family members that remain at home must devise new strategies for reorganizing tasks and care responsibilities in their absence. Overall, this intensifies the care deficit in poorer countries.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The World Bank and human rights 2015, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- In effect, although the Bank's lawyers might be expected to strenuously dispute the proposition, the template just described could be applied in a very similar fashion to justify a human rights policy. Previous legal opinions have left space for the crafting of such a policy, other multilateral development banks and most multilateral and bilateral development agencies have human rights policies and there has been voluminous scholarly research on those issues. The General Counsel's definition of development for the purposes of interpreting the mandate clearly accommodates human rights. There are innumerable ways in which human rights violations have major economic impacts and the poor are disproportionately affected. And, just as with the criminal justice sector, there will be some aspects of some rights which would fall foul of the political prohibition, thus requiring a series of risk management strategies to avoid such problems.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
The World Bank and human rights 2015, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Another institutional element is the pressure to approve loans, or as a famous Bank report put it, to "push money out the door". Despite official denials, those pressures continue. In such a setting, it is unsurprising that some see social safeguards and even more so human rights as factors likely to raise costs and delay lending. An internal Bank report observed that management is often uninterested in, or resistant to, work on safeguards and treats it as a box to be checked. However, minimizing safeguard concerns enhances the likelihood of flawed project design, which neglects elements important for success, overlooks likely opposition and resistance, creates ill will and damages the credibility of the Bank. It also assumes, contrary to the findings of a report by the Independent Evaluation Group, that the costs of safeguards outweigh their benefits.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
The right to participation of people living in poverty 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- If not developed with the indigenous and tribal institutions or organizations that are truly representative of the peoples in question, consultations will not comply with the requirements of the Convention. Notably, in applying the Convention, several judgments of national and regional tribunals have found that the non-participation of indigenous groups in consultation or decision-making processes violated their rights and, as such, a broad set of measures have been judicially ordered, from the invalidation of approval of government projects especially in the mining, forestry and energy sectors, to remedies for those affected.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Extreme inequality and human rights 2015, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In December 2014, the Secretary-General presented a synthesis report containing his vision for the negotiations of the new sustainable development goals (A/69/700). In the report, the Secretary-General spoke of gross and intolerable inequalities, and argued that income inequality specifically was one of the most visible aspects of a broader and more complex issue, one that entailed inequality of opportunity. He underlined that, as States implemented the new agenda, they must address inequalities in all areas, agreeing that no goal or target be considered met unless met for all social and economic groups. The defining challenge of the time was to close the gap between the determination to ensure a life of dignity for all, and the reality of persisting poverty and deepening inequality (ibid., paras. 65 and 67-68).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
The World Bank and human rights 2015, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The goals and policies of the Bank have changed radically since 1944. The Articles of Agreement contain no mention of either of its current proclaimed "twin goals" of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity. The General Counsels have played a key role in the necessarily dynamic interpretation of the Articles required to reflect and justify that evolution.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Women face compounded difficulties in accessing legal aid in criminal and civil matters. This has a particular impact on poor female victims of criminal offences such as domestic violence, or those pursuing divorce, child custody or land inheritance.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The neoliberal policies encapsulated in the 1980s-era Washington Consensus can be seen, especially in retrospect, to have greatly exacerbated economic insecurity, whether or not that was the intent. The State was assumed to be intrinsically inefficient and corruption-prone, and this led to constant pressure to shrink all those parts of it that provided social and basic economic services to the populace, while vindicating and reinforcing the State in its role as the regulator facilitating and legitimizing the privatization of the economy. Social security and social protection was transformed, including through the explicit policies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, into a minimalist notion of “social safety nets” designed to avoid the very worst outcomes and make the State look beneficent while empowering officials dedicated to devising ever more efficient “targeting” mechanisms and to rooting out overinclusion while playing down underinclusion. The objectives of promoting tax reform and prudent fiscal policies turned into a race to the bottom to set the lowest individual and corporate tax rates, attracting businesses through expensive exemptions, turning a blind eye to illegal or unconscionably evasive tax practices, and eliminating estate taxes and other measures that would bring about even minimal redistribution. Privatization was promoted even in relation to what were once seen as basic State functions, such as prisons, education and security. In some States, even the justice system has been partly privatized, whether through onerous court fees for the poor or the channelling of consumer and other complaints into private arbitration.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Proposals for a form of basic income have been floated by thinkers for centuries. Proponents of the idea trace its historical origins back to Sir Thomas More’s Utopia (1516), Johannes Vives’s On Assistance to the Poor (1526), and the works of the Marquis de Condorcet, Charles Fourier, Victor Considerant, John Stuart Mill, Bertrand Russell, George Cole, Herbert Simon, and various other political scientists, economists, and public intellectuals. Perhaps the most detailed and specific early set of plans for basic income and related social protection arrangements was put forward by Thomas Paine, a key figure in both the French and American revolutions, in The Rights of Man (1792) and Agrarian Justice (1797).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Another famous example is the Bolsa Família in Brazil — Latin America’s largest conditional cash transfer programme — which was introduced in 2004, building on earlier, smaller, cash transfer programmes. Indigent and poor families wanting to receive the cash benefit are required to visit health clinics regularly and/or to meet minimum school attendance requirements. Brazil also has unconditional cash transfer programmes, such as the Benefício de Prestação Continuada, which is disbursed to the elderly and to individuals with disabilities living in low-income households. The Bolsa Família was enacted the day after another law that established a citizen’s income for every Brazilian citizen or foreigner residing in the country for more than five years, regardless of their socioeconomic condition. But the latter law was never implemented and is often confused by the public with other existing minimum income programmes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Sixth, and most important, the debates over social protection floors and basic income need to be brought together. They have thus far been kept largely separate, in a counterproductive and ultimately self-defeating way. It is true that there are points of divergence between the two concepts, but they have vastly more potential if their synergies are recognized, rather than being ignored. Among the differences are the following: (a) the social protection floor mostly draws on experience in developing countries, while basic income advocates tend to emphasize developed countries; (b) social protection floors aim to guarantee both income security and access to essential social services, while basic income schemes only guarantee income; (c) the concept of basic income security is broader than basic income cash transfers, since it also includes in-kind transfers; (d) social protection floors focus not only on achieving social guarantees for all, but also on gradually implementing higher standards; (e) social protection floors are not viewed as alternatives to social insurance institutions, while some basic income proponents aim to replace existing social insurance institutions; and (f) the Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 (No. 202) is premised upon human rights, unlike most basic income schemes. But the proponents of the two approaches have an immense amount in common, and if it is recognized that basic income is not an idea that can be achieved in a single leap, there could be no better and more elaborate and widely supported programme than that for the social protection floor.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Accessibility also requires that policymakers assess and take into account any possible discriminatory impact of the manner in which grants or transfers are disbursed. For example, owing to limited mobility (such as that of persons with disabilities and older persons), lack of familiarity with electronic methods of payment (such as through the use of debit cards and mobile phones) and the gender impact (such as when queues are guarded by armed personnel), modes of disbursement could have unintended discriminatory effects.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Human rights based approach to recovery from the global economic and financial crises, with a focus on those living in poverty 2011, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- In their negotiations and agreements with international financial institutions, States' obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights should be taken into account to ensure that economic, social and cultural rights are not undermined. In the context of responding to the crises, States must take care not to agree to loan conditions that might compromise their ability to meet their obligations regarding the realization of human rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Marginality of economic and social rights 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Although the topic cannot be dealt with in the present report, it should also be noted that the constitutional recognition of economic and social rights may well be overshadowed or undermined by parallel and far more effective processes involving the constitutional and legal enshrinement of austerity measures. This refers primarily to the use of regional integration, bilateral and multilateral trade and investment agreements, or international financing arrangements, to privilege competing interests that effectively trump human rights considerations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 82a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that international economic bodies and financial institutions, in particular IMF, the European Union, the World Bank, the European Central Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development:] Consider human rights obligations and impact when setting conditions and policies in the area of fiscal policy; in particular, promote progressive rather than regressive taxation and ensure that all States are granted space to conduct counter-cyclical fiscal policies;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Support for these measures is not based on strong evidence of their effectiveness and economic efficiency, but rather on discriminatory stigmas and stereotypes, perpetuated by the media, that portray recipients of social benefits as lazy, dishonest and untrustworthy. Requirements and conditions are often underpinned by strong paternalistic attitudes; policymakers believe that they are acting in the best interests of persons living in poverty, who cannot be trusted to make decisions for themselves and their families.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Families
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- However, the relationship between instrumentalist arguments of that sort and normative arguments that invoke treaty obligations is a matter of contention in the human rights literature. Human rights purists are reluctant to have much to do with instrumentalist arguments which seek to demonstrate that a pro-human rights policy can bring a pay-off, whether in terms of productivity, efficiency, or even social cohesion. The understandable fear is that in the absence of proof that there will be a pay-off, it might then seem justified and legitimate to reject the rights approach. If such a calculus is unacceptable in relation to torture, why should it be entertained in relation to the right to social protection? However, it is also important to acknowledge that instrumentalist arguments are almost always present, whether the debate is over torture, privacy, freedom of assembly, or the right to food. Politicians and the general public cannot be relied upon simply to do the right thing regardless of perceived costs and benefits and so it is entirely appropriate to reinforce moral or normative positions by arguing that they can also bring pay-offs in other respects. It is as well to remember that the classic arguments on behalf of social security invoked in radically different contexts by Bismarck, Franklin Roosevelt and Beveridge all had ulterior motives of one kind or another.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo