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Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Discriminatory laws and practices have contributed to a deplorable global situation with respect to women's health and safety which calls for urgent, immediate and effective actions. According to WHO, an estimated 225 million women are deprived of access to essential modern contraception. Pregnancy and childbirth-related complications resulted in the deaths of almost 300,000 women worldwide in 2013. About 22 million unsafe abortions take place annually and an estimated 47,000 women die from complications resulting from unsafe abortion each year. Breast and cervical cancer remain the leading cancers among women aged 20-59 years, resulting in 1 million deaths, the majority in low- and middle-income countries where screening, prevention and treatment are almost non-existent. Young women bear the brunt of new HIV infections. One in three women under 50 has experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or family member. At least 200 million women and girls have been subjected to female genital mutilation.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- In 2011, a social worker who founded a local shelter for girl survivors of sexual violence and an international human rights lawyer initiated a coalition with local, regional and international civil society organizations, feminist lawyers and the national human rights commission to file a case seeking to hold the police accountable for failure to address rampant sexual violence against girls. The 160 Girls case was brought to the High Court in 2012. With the support of the shelter, 11 applicants were chosen from more than 160 victims of child rape who had been denied access to justice. The remaining victims were represented by the twelfth applicant, which was the rape shelter itself. It was the first case brought to the High Court under the equality provisions laid out in the 2010 Constitution. The decision was instrumental in establishing the failure of the police to meet national and international standards to conduct prompt, effective, proper and professional investigations into complaints, thereby preventing access to justice. With the use of relevant international human rights instruments and progressive interpretation of constitutional rights and State obligation, the jurisprudence was precedent-setting. The seminal contribution of the decision lay in establishing the rights of the child and the delineation of the scope of State obligation in protecting children from violence, and the duty to investigate and apply existing rape laws.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 2017
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In some countries, adolescent girls are deterred from accessing information and services for family planning and termination of pregnancy that are needed to protect their health and safety and prevent unwanted high-risk pregnancies, including the requirement of third party authorization.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The social, religious and cultural factors that disregard the dignity of girls and women must be tackled to achieve women's right to equality in health and safety.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, many girls do not receive sexuality education, including knowledge about the functioning of their bodies, and hygienic materials for menstruation are either unavailable or too costly. They are forced to use improvised, unhygienic materials that may lead to leaking and infections.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The instrumentalization of women's bodies as objects to serve sexual and other purposes leads to practices such as invasive cosmetic procedures. Unhealthy dieting, particularly among adolescent girls, can have disastrous health consequences, including eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Ensuring access to justice for women and girls who have suffered discrimination within the family or in cultural life is part of the State obligation to protect and respect their right to equality. This access must be guaranteed at the legislative and institutional levels. This means, for example, revising all additional laws that affect family and personal status matters, a process in which women must be involved. Also concerned are auxiliary regulations, including special measures adopted, where necessary, in such areas as taxation, social security, retirement benefits, survivors' benefits, rights relating to nationality and the right to family reunification, to ensure women and girls' de facto equality in the various types of family. Women must take part in the formulation and interpretation of national laws, including those relating to family affairs. At the institutional level, they must be involved, on an equal footing, in policy development and judicial bodies so as to ensure that the principle of equality is effectively applied and that decisions handed down demonstrate respect for gender equality. Improving access to justice for women also requires gender-equality training for State authorities and non-State officials responsible for law enforcement, social services and education and for medical and forensic personnel.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The State must refrain from adopting laws, policies, measures or regulations that discriminate directly or indirectly against women and girls and must ensure that its officials, and private actors, respect this obligation in all contexts, including those situations where women are most vulnerable (as refugees, migrants or stateless persons, for example).
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In some secular family law systems, elements of discrimination remain, for example a lower legal minimum age for marriage for girls and discriminatory provisions on inheritance rights, divorce and recognition of same-sex couples.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- However, not all forms of marriage deserve recognition. The Working Group calls for the non-recognition of those forms that discriminate against women and/or fail to ensure equality and justice for women, whatever the legal system, religion, custom or tradition. This refers to, among others, early and/or forced marriage, temporary marriage and polygamy. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Human Rights Committee have recommended that States should prohibit polygamy on the grounds that it contravenes women's right to equality with men and can have serious emotional and financial consequences for women and their dependants. However, there are national civil codes that legalize polygamous marriage, early and/or forced marriage and temporary marriage. The Working Group advocates the repeal of these codes. Among the countries that deem such marriages to discriminate against women and girls, some consider them void and others merely voidable. In all cases, the legal solution must protect the rights of women and girls, who remain the victims of these harmful marriages. Their rights to subsistence, to property, including land and inheritance, to a place of residence, to custody of children and to remarry must be guaranteed.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Despite this significant progress, there are still social and cultural barriers preventing girls' access to school in some countries, as resonantly evidenced by Malala Yousafzai, the young Pakistani schoolgirl who was the victim of an assassination attempt by Taliban gunmen in 2012 and has since been a vocal advocate for girls' right to education.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Various other international and regional human rights treaties also protect women's and girls' social and economic rights.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Criminalization of behaviour that is attributed only to women is discriminatory per se and generates and perpetuates stigma. The threat of criminal punishment restricts women's access to sexual and reproductive health-care services and information and acts as a deterrent to health-care professionals, thus barring women's and girls' access to health-care services.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The obligation of the State to protect women and girls' right to equality in the family compels the authorities to prevent discrimination by private actors. Due diligence as a principle of State action should result in a global model of prevention, protection, prosecution, punishment and redress for acts of discrimination and violence against women in cultural and family life.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- A disproportionate amount of unpaid care work falls on women, limiting women's capacity to engage in paid work. This is evidenced in empirical studies which show that women, whether or not they are in paid employment, spend between twice to four times the amount of hours on care functions than do men. Up to 90 per cent of home care due to illness is performed by women and girls.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- The active involvement of internally displaced women and civil society organizations was essential throughout the process. Displaced women brought hundreds of tutelas before tribunals to demand their rights and participated in public hearings convened by the Constitutional Court or civil society organizations sharing their experiences and perspectives. The Court’s decisions were informed by formal submissions by such organizations, presenting experiences of women and girls forcibly displaced around the country.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2017
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities has called on States to guarantee women with disabilities safe participation in matters affecting their lives, especially in relation to sexual and reproductive rights and gender-based violence, including sexual violence, matters which are cited in a recent study as high-priority concerns for women and girls with disabilities.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- There is growing concern about the feminization of poverty and the disparate impact of global economic crises, austerity measures and climate change on women's health and safety. Gender inequality persists in all regions, and women and girls continue to be overrepresented among the world's population living in poverty. Women and girls, particularly those living in the global South, are disproportionately burdened by the costs of these rapid changes, to the detriment of their personal health and well-being.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Adolescent girls are particularly exposed to gender-based violence in the family and on their way to or at school, with extremely harmful impacts on their physical and mental health. In its resolution 70/137 the General Assembly called upon all States to improve the safety of girls on the way to and from school, taking steps to ensure that all schools are accessible, safe, secure and free from violence and providing separate and adequate sanitation facilities that provide privacy and dignity.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In patriarchal cultures, the preference for sons leads to the prioritization of boys' and men's health before that of women and girls, resulting in discriminatory practices such as female infanticide. This is evident in cultural customs relating to food which cause girls and women, including pregnant and nursing women, to suffer disproportionately from malnutrition.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The Human Rights Council, however, in its resolution 26/11 on the protection of the family, did not reaffirm the right of women to equality in the family. In October 2014, the special procedures mandate holders issued a statement calling on the Council to ensure that the right to equality between women and men, and girls and boys, was included in all future resolutions concerning the family.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- When the rules governing family relations discriminate against women, they violate international human rights law. Furthermore, considerations linked to protecting and strengthening the family may not be invoked to justify forms of family that do not meet the requirement for equality between men and women and girls and boys. The lack of equality in these forms of marriage leads women and girls to experience discrimination, making them vulnerable to domestic violence.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Committee on the Rights of the Child have noted that harmful practices affecting women and girls are deeply rooted in social attitudes according to which women and girls are regarded as inferior to men and boys based on stereotyped roles. They highlight the gender dimension to violence and indicate that sex- and gender-based attitudes and stereotypes, power imbalances, inequalities and discrimination perpetuate the widespread existence of practices that often involve violence or coercion. They maintain that the nature and prevalence of these practices vary according to region and culture. These practices cause serious harm to every aspect of the lives of the women and girls who fall victim to them and include incest, female genital mutilation, early and/or forced marriage, so-called "honour crimes", dowry-related violence, neglect of girls, extreme dietary restrictions, virginity tests, servitude, stoning, violent initiation rites, widowhood practices and female infanticide. The obligations set out in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child form the basis for the elaboration of a global strategy to eliminate harmful practices, which should be well defined, rights-based, have local relevance and comprise legal, economic and social support measures combined with proportional political engagement and State responsibility at all levels.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Culture and religion are often invoked to justify discrimination and violent practices against women and girls. Women have often been viewed as objects rather than as equal participants with men in the creation and manifestation of cultural principles. Indeed, when culture and religion are invoked to justify different forms of discrimination against women, women are seen not as victims or survivors of such discrimination, but as persons who "violate" cultural rules and norms.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- Women's poverty and quality of life in older age derives from the culmination of the earlier phases in their life cycle and bears their imprint: stereotyping in education and girlhood; precarious jobs; informal labour; the costs of caring; interrupted career patterns; and the motherhood penalty in labour force participation. Hence women's situation in retirement can be regarded as a litmus test for the quality of women's economic and social life.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Women's adult lives both reflect the quality of their girlhood and predict the quality of their older age. Their adult lives are the period of their economic activity and productive capacity, which are characterized by duality. Women function in the cash economy (as employees, self-employed, entrepreneurs or decision makers in economic and financial institutions) and also as the primary unpaid carers (for dependent family members, including children and elderly parents).
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- While educational gender parity shows signs of improvement, it is often not reflected in parallel gains in economic and political participation. Amongst countries that have invested in girls' education, some see returns in terms of women's economic and political participation, but others do not. These countries have an untapped educated talent pool and would have much to gain through women's greater participation in the economy.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Ensuring girls' education may require protecting their families against economic shocks and incentivizing parents to keep their girls in school. Cash transfer programmes, for example, have assisted families in return for committing to keeping their girls and boys in school and attending regular health checks, or by providing a stipend to girls who agree to delay marriage until they complete secondary education. Such programmes have been successful in decreasing girls' dropout rates.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The gender gap in education is not as stark as it once was: today, female enrolment is rising at greater rate than among males, and data show the achievement of gender parity at primary and/or secondary levels in two thirds of countries. In 2013, 25 countries had fully closed the gap in educational attainment at all levels (5 more than in 2012) with, in some cases, even disparities in favour of girls.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Education of girls is key to quality of life for girls, adult women, families and communities. Education has a multiplier effect, increasing labour force participation and reducing child and maternal mortality. A country's progress depends, among other things, on the enhancement of its female human capital. Above all, education is a basic human right that must, at all levels, be made equally available to girls.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo