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The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that the dominant view, which considers ageing a biomedical problem, leads to the unfortunate perception of ageing as an abnormal or pathological phenomenon because it equates advanced age with illness. This position is not only inconsistent with the holistic approach to human health, but it also perpetuates a perception of older persons as dependent and sick. When considering the health of older persons, the Special Rapporteur is of the view that there must be a paradigm shift away from the perception of older persons as a "social burden" to one that emphasizes the process of "active ageing" and that will reorient our ideas about ageing to focus on the continuing contribution of older persons to society. According to WHO, active ageing aims to optimize opportunities for health, participation and security amongst older persons in order to enhance their quality of life. The word active therefore refers to continuing participation in social, economic, cultural and civic affairs, and not simply the ability to be physically active or to participate in the labour force.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In addition, there are non-binding United Nations instruments and international documents on ageing and older persons, such as the 1982 Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing, the 1991 United Nations Principles for Older Persons, the 1992 Global targets on ageing for the year, and the 1992 Proclamation on Ageing. The most recent of these is the Political Declaration and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing adopted at the Second World Assembly on Ageing in April 2002, and endorsed by the General Assembly in resolution 57/167 of 18 December 2002. The Political Declaration reaffirms the global commitment to promote and protect human rights and to eliminate age-discrimination, neglect, abuse and violence (art. 5). It further makes reference to the right to health (art. 14), the opportunity to work and the continuing access to education and training programmes (art. 12). It has guided the development of legislation and policies at the national level and provided a framework for international cooperation, which resulted in, among other things, the establishment of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Human Rights of Older Persons in 2010, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 65/182.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Nonetheless, different human rights treaty monitoring bodies have interpreted and applied existing norms to older persons as a group, recognizing their vulnerability to discrimination and exclusion. In 1995, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) adopted general comment No. 6, which offers a detailed interpretation of the specific obligations of State parties regarding each of the rights contained in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as they apply to older persons. In 2010, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women adopted general recommendation No. 27 on older women and the protection of their human rights. General comment No. 14 of CESCR elaborates on substantive issues arising from the implementation of the right to health and addresses particular issues related to older persons, including "preventive, curative and rehabilitative health treatment…maintaining the functionality and autonomy of older persons … [and] attention and care for chronically and terminally ill persons, sparing them avoidable pain and enabling them to die with dignity".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Women
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Differences between the genders in respect of the ageing process must also be acknowledged, given that global life expectancy at birth for women is currently 70 years, and is significantly higher than for men at 66 years. Given differing life expectancies, it is more often men who are able to rely on informal care from their spouses than women. Women who outlive their husbands are more often left with no spousal support, relying on informal care by other relatives or the formal care system. Compounding this problem is the fact that older women are frequently excluded from social security and health insurance schemes that are linked to formal, paid employment. They are also at much greater risk of poverty than men. In many countries older women are less likely than men to hold valuable assets in their own name (A/HRC/14/31, paras. 19-21). These factors limit women's ability to provide for their own health-related needs in later life. Furthermore, lack of access to health care services for debilitating diseases such as cancer and hypertension, or illnesses disproportionately affecting women such as osteoporosis, have also been noted to prevent older women from enjoying their full human rights (CEDAW/C/GC/27).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Women
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Physically active older people have lower rates of all-cause mortality than their sedentary counterparts, and experience many health benefits, including healthier body mass and improved bone health, and lowered risk of coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer. Moreover, regular exercise plays an important role in preventing depression and cognitive decline.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Other thematic reports have explored the enjoyment of the right to health and the underlying determinants, including water and sanitation, occupational health, the right to health in conflict, unhealthy foods, and the right to health of migrants, older persons and persons with psychosocial disabilities (including the key issue of informed consent).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71j
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Developing and implementing mechanisms to protect the rights of older persons if/when they are deemed incapable of providing informed consent to any treatment and/or other medical intervention due to injury, disease or chronic conditions such as dementia.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Developing international guidelines and national systems to regulate and monitor hospice-care practices to ensure that the elderly are supported in making informed health-care decisions, and that their human dignity and autonomy are not neglected due to their vulnerability
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Instituting mechanisms to raise awareness and train medical professionals, non-medical carers and the wider community on the treatment of older person, and to prevent and address their abuse;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Establishing a system of social protection that affords older persons access to long-term care, whether institutional or home-based, which ensures that abuse or violations of rights do not take place;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Encouraging the establishment and support of networks of older persons in order to ensure their participation in the development and improvement of social protection and health care, which recognizes and ensures the enjoyment of the right to health;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Implementing the right-to-health framework to ensure shifting the discourse surrounding older persons from a needs-based perspective to a rights-based approach, which enables greater realization of the right to health of older persons;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Ensuring that the right to the highest attainable standard of health shapes, and is integrated into, relevant national and international policies concerning ageing and older persons. Health facilities, goods and services should be made available, accessible, affordable and acceptable to older persons, and be of good quality;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Recognizing ageing as a lifelong process, a reality which State policy, legislation and resource allocation should reflect so that health-care services, including diagnostic and prevention services, are available and accessible to a person before becoming old to allow for healthy ageing;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Under the right-to-health framework, health facilities, goods and services should be made available, accessible, affordable, acceptable and be of good quality for older persons. Availability refers to the fact that functioning public health and health-care facilities, goods and services, as well as programmes, have to be available in sufficient quantity. In many cases, older persons are affected by selective unavailability because of rationing of medical care, i.e. allocation and prioritization of health resources, which often results in de-prioritizing older persons for health treatment. Accessibility includes physical, financial and information components. Older persons may be unable to access health care because of the location of services or their limited physical mobility. Poverty may also exacerbate older persons' inability to access healthcare, particularly where social security does not exist. Finally, information accessibility refers to the right to seek, receive and impart information regarding health issues. With regard to older persons, it means that health-related information should be tailored to suit their needs and communicated to them in an appropriate, comprehensible manner allowing them to make fully informed decisions about their health condition and treatment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Ageing should be perceived as the culmination of a lifetime of influences and choices. Healthy and active ageing occurs through health promotion and consistent delivery of primary health care throughout one's life. The enjoyment of the right to health is not age-dependent and does not cease once a person reaches a certain age. Older persons should be viewed as rights-holders, who will often require support in order to claim their rights. This requires States to take particular steps as part of the development and implementation of comprehensive health plans that must include various strategies to ensure that older persons have access to good quality health care, goods and services. In addition to this, economic accessibility to ensure affordability is also required by the right to health, which requires that States take steps to ensure that adequate social protection is provided to older persons. The ageing of world population demands that immediate steps be taken to ensure that the costs of pension schemes and their analogues not be prohibitively burdensome for States. Failure to recognize older persons as rights-holders may lead to prejudice and discrimination directed against individuals or groups and may have profound consequences for their health outcomes and welfare.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The world population is ageing at a steady and significant pace. The total number of persons aged 60 years and above increased from 200 million in 1950 to 760 million in 2010, and it is anticipated to become over one billion by the end of the current decade. By 2050, it is expected that one in five persons will be over the age of 60. The senior population is the fastest growing one and this is becoming a global phenomenon.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the broad issues with respect to the right to health framework outlined in the previous section, there are a number of specific issues and concerns relevant to older persons that require a more detailed assessment. This section will consider some of those issues: primary health care and chronic illness; long-term care; palliative care; and informed consent as related to older persons, including guardianship issues.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the above-mentioned biomedical benefits, participation in organized sport may have significant benefits for older adults as regards increased social interaction and connectedness. Moreover, sport can be used as a tool to promote "active ageing" - elderly people being active and engaged in society - to combat negative and inaccurate images of the elderly that portray ageing as an inevitable and irreversible decline in function.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Home care is generally understood as medical services performed by professionals in the patient's home, as opposed to care provided in specialized institutions. It generally allows older persons a greater degree of autonomy over their lives than institutional care. However, home care should be understood as medical home care delivered by health professionals, as opposed to informal care that is provided by family members or other individuals.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that States should allocate more resources for the provision of geriatric healthcare in order to ensure that all healthcare workers, irrespective of specialty or profession, are adequately trained to deal with the particular health issues associated with ageing. They should also be trained on the right to health so that they interact with elderly patients in an appropriate, considerate and non-discriminatory manner.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- When appropriate, clinical trials should be conducted with the participation of older persons in order to determine the effect of these medications on that population group, due to the frequency with which older persons may use these medications. Given the substantial underrepresentation of older patients in studies on various diseases, clinical trial recruitment should be diversified to include a number of considerations including age, gender and race.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the role of the health sector and that of other sectors in improving the health of individuals and populations must also be balanced. A modern understanding of the effective realization of right to health requires a "health in all policies" approach. To fully achieve goals, such as to reduce infant or under-5 mortality, improve mental health, reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases or promote the health of older persons, all sectors and all branches responsible for public policies need to be involved.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the imbalance of power, experience and trust inherently present in the doctor-patient relationship, structural inequalities can result in the voluntary or informed nature of consent being significantly compromised (ibid., para. 45). With a view to protecting the rights of older persons, States should establish appropriate support mechanisms that would help overcome subsequent challenges to achieving informed consent, including community involvement and comprehensive counselling.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Long-term care takes two broad forms: home care and institutional care. Institutional care is the accommodation and care of a person in a specialized care-giving institution. Older persons in such institutions are often under the authority of the caregiver, who is meant to assist them in their daily activities, including the administration of medicines and health services. Given the growth of such institutions, it is important to examine implications for older persons and their right to health.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- It is essential that the actual vulnerabilities of older persons are recognized, and prejudicial perceptions and attitudes are addressed, so that goods and services are designed in such a manner to overcome actual, rather than perceived, barriers in accessing healthcare. Discriminatory attitudes of medical professional towards older persons could also undermine meaningful communication with their patients with direct consequences on the accuracy of diagnosis and quality of treatment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Several obstacles have been identified in relation to older persons' access to primary health care and to the quality of health-care services provided. Discrimination against older persons on the basis of their age is a major barrier to access primary care and prevention of chronic illness. . There is a pernicious and deeply ingrained notion that once a person ages, he/she becomes incapable of contributing to society, chronically ill and/or frail. Such prejudices often lead to a conclusion that not much can be done to assist them.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes the importance of monitoring progress in ensuring progressive realization of the right to health of older persons using indicators and benchmarks as part of the right to health framework. General comment No. 14 identifies the failure of States to monitor the realization of the right to health at the national level, as well as the resulting insufficient or misallocated expenditure, as examples of violations of the State's obligations (E/C.12/2000/4, para. 52).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The right-to-health requires active and informed participation in policy decisions by those populations that are affected by them (E/CN.4/2006/48, para. 25). Effective provision of health services can only be assured if the participation of affected populations is secured by States (E/C.12/2000/4, para. 54). It is notable that the United Nations Principles for Older Persons encourages the participation of older people in the formulation and implementation of policies which affect them.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 71f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends:] Putting in place policies and procedures for reporting, addressing and preventing abuse of older persons;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de adición
- 19 de ago. de 2019
Párrafo