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Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Good practice exists at the policy level and in field operations, as illustrated by examples provided by the specialized agencies of the United Nations. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) operates an early warning system in some of its in-country programmes, often using sophisticated computer mapping, which is designed to map specific local conditions, such as movements of security forces and displaced peoples, presence of weapons, availability of basic services and access to water sources. In some situations a process of broad consultations with local communities is incorporated. UNDP has developed a capacity to identify the root causes of conflicts, notably through deployment of peace and development advisers to country teams who help in conducting conflict analyses. Experience has shown that context-specific systems that mix qualitative and quantitative indicators and political analysis are effective, if highly resource intensive.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- The Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council and the treaty monitoring bodies are well placed to identify the warning signs of impending conflicts, including those affecting minorities. In October 2009, a United Nations round table on Special Procedures entitled "Early Warning and Emerging Issues" was held in New York. The Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief emphasized the contribution that these mechanisms can make to a better understanding of complex situations, for example involving systemic exclusion and discrimination of certain minority groups. Other participants recommended strengthening the capacity of the Special Procedures to contribute to early warning, by ensuring that their recommendations were communicated more effectively to the United Nations field presences, by improving on follow-up to communications to States and by ensuring that data revealing patterns of severe abuses were communicated as early warnings.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Arguments for special measures which could ensure the participation of minorities in public bodies are based on the fact that because of their smaller number, minorities can hardly ever determine the outcome of decisions in a majoritarian democracy. In practice, minorities tend to be outvoted, unable to secure representation proportionate with their numbers, thus denying them an effective voice in the public and political life of States. The rationale for special measures is not, as is frequently perceived, to create a privileged position for minorities, but rather to level the playing field, placing minorities in the same position as majorities. Being involved in national political and social processes, contributing to policymaking and participating in (and benefiting from) public services should help to counter marginalization and alienation. States that welcome the participation and integration of minorities tend not only to be more stable, but also more prosperous.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination which inhibits the political participation of minorities may manifest itself in, among others: a type of electoral system which negatively affects minority representation; political parties which are adverse to minority issues and minority membership; widespread prejudice among the electorate which punishes parties willing to include minority candidates or voice minority issues; media which are hostile to minority concerns and participation. Given the centrality of the issue of discrimination to the right to effective participation, Governments should consider instituting independent monitoring and individual complaints mechanisms, such as the ombudsperson's function adopted in a number of countries.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In his landmark report to the Millennium Assembly of the United Nations in 2000, the Secretary-General stated that in many countries at war, the condition of poverty was coupled with sharp ethnic or religious cleavages, and that almost invariably, the rights of subordinate groups were insufficiently respected, the institutions of Government were insufficiently inclusive and the allocation of society's resources favoured the dominant faction over others. He added that the solution was clear: to promote human rights, to protect minority rights and to institute political arrangements in which all groups were represented, and that every group needed to become convinced that the State belonged to all people (A/54/2000, paras. 202-203).
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The collection of data disaggregated by ethnicity, age, gender, geographical distribution and other relevant categories is an important precondition for the development of adequate and efficient models of participation of persons belonging to minorities. Such data make it possible to monitor the participation of minorities and ascertain whether fair and representative participation mechanisms have been put in place. The collection of disaggregated data must take place in accordance with international standards on personal data protection, as well as respecting the right of persons belonging to minorities to choose freely to be treated or not as minorities. Representatives of minorities should be involved in the process of data collection, and the data collection methods should be designed in close cooperation with them.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Some conflicts are rooted in the denial or deprivation of citizenship to certain identity groups. Disputes regarding citizenship often arise against the background of pre-existing ethnic or regional conflict, linked in many cases to broader factors of poverty, competition for scarce resources and political instability (A/HRC/7/23, para. 26). The denial of citizenship to a minority community has both a symbolic and practical impact, both of which can be central to the origins of conflict. It sends an unambiguous message about the exclusion of a community as part of the national identity. The denial of citizenship can also mean denial of access to schooling, to health treatment or other services and to political office as well as the constant threat of deportation.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Effective participation in decision-making processes, particularly in those which have an impact on minorities, is a precondition for the full and equal enjoyment of the human rights of persons belonging to them. There are at least two key lessons to be drawn. The first is the truly essential nature of the right to effective participation: the fulfilment of so many other fundamental human rights is both dependent on and a prerequisite for its fulfilment. The second lesson is that the effectiveness of the political participation of minorities must constantly be evaluated and at all levels of society, in order to ensure that it is real and meaningful. A full set of recommendations can be found in document A/HRC/13/25.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- Effective steps should be taken to ensure that the national staff composition of the United Nations country teams is inclusive of persons from minority communities.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- States have significant leeway to decide, in consultation with minority communities, the modalities by which political participation can be achieved. Those measures may include the devolution of certain powers by means of a federal or autonomy arrangement; an informal council of minority representatives or a statutory body, which is consulted by the executive on matters of concern to the minority; electoral systems based on proportional representation; a system of reserved seats for minorities in parliament; or the facilitated participation in the electoral process of political parties representing the interests of minorities.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- At the core of minority rights are the protection and preservation of culturally distinctive identities within societies. The denigration or suppression of the defining identity of a person or group can be a powerful factor in generating conflict. Repressive measures to control or restrict religious or traditional practices or force assimilation can galvanize opposition and bridge other divides that may exist within the targeted communities, thereby creating a common platform around which they can rally. Language, in particular, is a potent vehicle of culture. The imposition on minority communities of a majority language, either through teaching in public schools or formal prohibitions on the use of minority languages, has been a spark that has ignited many violent clashes in every region of the world.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- In September 2009, the independent expert participated in a conference held in Cali, Colombia, as a regional follow-up activity to the first session of the Forum, which had focused on minorities and the right to education. The conference was organized by the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center for Justice and Human Rights, in collaboration with the Cornell Law School's International Human Rights Clinic and the International Human Rights Law Clinic of the University of Virginia. In an effort to continue dialogue, remain accountable to local communities and promote grass-roots advocacy, the conference publicly launched the report entitled "Right to Education of Afro-descendant and Indigenous Communities in the Americas" that it had previously presented at the Forum. The report addresses failures to fulfil obligations with respect to the right to education without discrimination within the Americas, focusing on Colombia, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The right to effective participation, the prohibition of discrimination and special measures are firmly rooted in international human rights law. The right of all persons to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives, as well as to vote and be elected in genuine periodic elections is affirmed in article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. This provision is an elaboration of article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: "Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives."
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict concluded that time and again in the twentieth century, attempts at suppression of ethnic, cultural or religious differences had led to bloodshed, and in case after case, the accommodation of diversity within appropriate constitutional forms had helped to prevent bloodshed. The Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has conducted research showing that the likelihood of conflict increases with rising group inequality. The Minorities at Risk Project at the University of Maryland monitors indicators for political discrimination, cultural and economic exclusion and persecution on 283 minority groups around the world, and has found a significant link between conflict and those forms of denial of rights.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I), the outcome document of the 2001 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, the participating States expressed their concern that socio-economic development was being hampered by widespread internal conflicts which were due, among other causes, to gross violations of human rights, including those arising from racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and from lack of democratic, inclusive and participatory governance. It urged States to recognize that techniques, mechanisms, policies and programmes for reconciling conflicts based on factors related to race, colour, descent, language, religion, or national or ethnic origin and for developing harmonious multiracial and multicultural societies needed to be systematically considered and developed (ibid., paras. 21 and 171).
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Inter-Agency Framework for Coordination on Preventative Action (Framework team) is an informal forum for inter-agency exchange of information and collaboration involving 21 different United Nations entities (A/64/864, paras. 7 13). The Framework team is a mechanism that shares information on potential crises and works together to support the development of inter-agency conflict prevention initiatives. As such it is a key part of the United Nations conflict prevention architecture. The Framework team is designed to support the Resident Coordinator and the United Nations country team in countries that show early signs that a situation, whether at the regional, national or subnational level, is likely to lead to violence. The programme initiatives are designed to address the issues at the early upstream stage in the conflict cycle, so that the situation does not escalate into overt conflict.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The right to effective participation is further upheld in provisions within existing regional human rights treaties. These include the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the American Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) protects the right to free elections through its Protocol No. 1 (art. 3) and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities creates an obligation for States to ensure the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities (art. 15). Comparable provisions on the prohibition of discrimination are also contained in the regional human rights treaties.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- A continuing and substantive dialogue is required in order to ensure the effective participation of women and men belonging to minorities in their society. This dialogue should be multidirectional: it must involve persons belonging to minorities as well as majority populations, and it also must be between persons belonging to minorities and the authorities. Such dialogue can be achieved only if effective channels of communication are in place. Such channels must take into account the specific needs of minority women, as well as other marginalized segments of minority communities exposed to intersectional discrimination.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- In some States, there is a strong demand from communities to have their traditional governance structures respected. Such structures may include systems whereby elders are consulted by community members and decide on important matters, whether they involve individual members or the community collectively. Communities may also have recognized customary laws or a code of behaviour, and these may or may not be written. Whether written or unwritten, it is critically important that such traditional governance structures include women and other marginalized groups in decision-making positions and apply international human rights principles fully in all aspects of their activities. With this proviso, initiatives whereby traditionally recognized community leaders are incorporated into formal government structures and legislatures are welcome and contribute to a better realization of the right to effective participation. Moreover, elders may play a role in conflict management, for instance by acting as arbiters in disputes between community members.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Despite some excellent practices in the field, there is no mechanism for or consistent practice of ensuring that minority issues are mainstreamed across the in-country work of entities in the United Nations system, in accordance with article 9 of the 1992 Declaration on Minorities, even in countries where those issues are at the core of local conflicts. At the Headquarters level, in the Department of Political Affairs and in the UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, know-how on minority rights could be enhanced to facilitate the development of policies and practices sensitive to minorities. Appropriate training programmes and resources are required for staff throughout the United Nations system, to assist in the early identification by decision makers at the highest level of tensions involving minorities.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The tragic events in Rwanda and in the former Yugoslavia gave new impetus to efforts by the United Nations to protect minorities - described by the Secretary-General as "genocide's most frequent targets". In 2004, the Secretary-General established the mandate of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide. The principal objective of the Special Adviser is to advise the Secretary-General and the Security Council on actions to protect vulnerable populations from genocide. The Office of the Special Adviser attempts to identify a range of potential threats to minority populations at an early stage and make recommendations regarding constructive management of cultural diversity issues.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Inter-Agency Framework for Coordination on Preventative Action (Framework team) is an informal forum for inter-agency exchange of information and collaboration involving 21 different United Nations entities (A/64/864, paras. 7-13). The Framework team is a mechanism that shares information on potential crises and works together to support the development of inter-agency conflict prevention initiatives. As such it is a key part of the United Nations conflict prevention architecture. The Framework team is designed to support the United Nations country team in countries that show early signs that a situation, whether at the regional, national or sub-national level, is likely to lead to violence. The programme initiatives are designed to address the issues at the early upstream stage in the conflict cycle, so that the situation does not escalate.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Substantial steps have been taken over recent years to reposition international engagement with conflict situations from the point of reaction to a point of identification of early warnings. There is mounting evidence that one of the earliest indicators of potential violence is the chronic disregard of minority rights. Early warning systems must have the necessary expertise to be alert to such indicators. While there is already a substantial flow of information to early warning mechanisms within the United Nations system, a focus on minority rights should be strengthened.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Factors including lack of recognition of minorities, discrimination, exclusion and lack of knowledge and awareness of minority issues result in inadequate inclusion of minority issues by national institutions, both governmental and independent, within their work and priorities. Human rights and socioeconomic development policies frequently do not fully take account of their unique circumstances, their rights and their needs and consequently fail to benefit minorities. However, in many States that recognize challenges involving minorities and the need for targeted and mainstream solutions, institutional arrangements have been established incorporating expertise on minority issues which initiate, implement and monitor efforts to promote and protect minority rights.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Institutional attention to minority issues may result in positive measures targeted at minorities. In its general recommendation No. 32 on the meaning and scope of special measures in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD/C/GC/32), the Committee, citing general recommendation No. XIV, states that "differentiation of treatment will not constitute discrimination if the criteria for such differentiation, judged against the objectives and purposes of the Convention, are legitimate". According to general recommendation No. 32: The term "non-discrimination" does not signify the necessity of uniform treatment when there are significant differences in situation between one person or group and another, or, in other words, if there is an objective and reasonable justification for differential treatment. To treat in an equal manner persons or groups whose situations are objectively different will constitute discrimination in effect, as will the unequal treatment of persons whose situations are objectively the same. However, positive measures should be justified, timed and monitored.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The prevention of mass atrocities, intergroup tensions and conflict, including when owing to violations of minority rights, is an important impetus for institutionalizing attention to minority issues, particularly where tensions or conflict exists or has previously occurred. The former Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, remarked that "[W]e must protect especially the rights of minorities, since they are genocide's most frequent targets". The General Assembly in the preamble to the Declaration considered "that the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to … minorities contribute to the political and social stability of States in which they live". This statement was echoed by Heads of State and Government in paragraph 130 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome, where they also committed themselves to the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes and ethnic cleansing (paras. 138 and 139), the importance of which is emphasized by the Independent Expert in relation to minorities at risk.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Developing internal minority rights expertise within such national institutions as the police and judiciary constitutes a positive practice, allowing such key protection and justice bodies to engage and consult more effectively with minority communities, ensure protection measures and respond appropriately to their issues, including incidents of violence. In the eleventh preambular paragraph of its resolution 66/144 of 22 March 2012, the General Assembly recognized that individuals belonging to vulnerable groups including minorities are the main victims of violence and of attacks perpetrated or incited by extremist political parties, movements and groups.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Human Rights Committee has interpreted the conduct of public affairs broadly as the exercise of power in the legislative, executive and administrative branches. In the view of the Committee, the provision covers all aspects of public administration, including the formulation and implementation of policy at international, national, regional and local levels. Furthermore, citizens may participate in the conduct of public affairs directly or indirectly. Once a mode of participation is established, no distinction should be made between citizens as regards their participation on such grounds as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, and no unreasonable restrictions should be imposed.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The concept of special measures is relevant for the effective political participation of women and men belonging to minorities as it can facilitate the implementation of minorities' rights to vote and to stand for office. It has been endorsed by the United Nations human rights bodies and by regional human rights institutions. With regard to the right to vote, the Human Rights Committee recognized that "[p]ositive measures should be taken to overcome specific difficulties, such as illiteracy, language barriers, poverty, or impediments to freedom of movement which prevent persons entitled to vote from exercising their rights effectively. Information and materials about voting should be available in minority languages".
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- An important role of independent human rights bodies is in provision of complaint-handling services. Disadvantaged minorities may be reluctant to report incidents of discrimination or lack information or resources that enable them to make or pursue complaints. Specialist bodies frequently provide legal assistance and advisory services. They may offer alternative pathways, including mediation services that pursue solutions outside the courts and provide relatively quick, free and less formal access to remedies. However complaint-handling activities should include the ability to conduct investigations based on information or complaints received and to initiate or pursue legal action in the courts and/or refer cases to other appropriate bodies, including tribunals.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo