Consejos de búsqueda
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The right to effective participation, the prohibition of discrimination and special measures are firmly rooted in international human rights law. The right of all persons to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives, as well as to vote and be elected in genuine periodic elections is affirmed in article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. This provision is an elaboration of article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: "Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives."
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I), the outcome document of the 2001 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, the participating States expressed their concern that socio-economic development was being hampered by widespread internal conflicts which were due, among other causes, to gross violations of human rights, including those arising from racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and from lack of democratic, inclusive and participatory governance. It urged States to recognize that techniques, mechanisms, policies and programmes for reconciling conflicts based on factors related to race, colour, descent, language, religion, or national or ethnic origin and for developing harmonious multiracial and multicultural societies needed to be systematically considered and developed (ibid., paras. 21 and 171).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Human Rights Committee has interpreted the conduct of public affairs broadly as the exercise of power in the legislative, executive and administrative branches. In the view of the Committee, the provision covers all aspects of public administration, including the formulation and implementation of policy at international, national, regional and local levels. Furthermore, citizens may participate in the conduct of public affairs directly or indirectly. Once a mode of participation is established, no distinction should be made between citizens as regards their participation on such grounds as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, and no unreasonable restrictions should be imposed.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Studies are required to understand how hate speech transforms into acts of hate and violence. Hate speech is a factor in a process which seeks to scapegoat, demonize or, in extreme cases, dehumanize others considered outsiders or different, and to portray them as the cause of societal ills or as a threat. The power of hate speech to turn a nucleus of extremist hatred into a mass movement of violence is well documented and measures to counter its impact are essential. Several countries, including some that have experienced atrocities, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, have adopted legislation to prosecute hate-motivated crimes and incitement to national, racial or religious hatred. Countries such as Canada and the United States of America have created hate crime units within the police force.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- If the Government manifestly demonstrates its refusal or inaction to stop the crimes, collective action should be urgently considered. Under the third pillar of the strategy for the implementation of the responsibility to protect, Member States have the responsibility "to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, including Chapter VII, on a case-by-case basis and in cooperation with relevant regional organizations as appropriate, should peaceful means be inadequate and national authorities are manifestly failing to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity" (see A/66/874-S/2012/578, para. 2). Such collective action may include sanctions, embargoes and restrictions on cooperation. Ultimately, the use of force can be authorized by the Security Council. In situations in which there is an imminent or ongoing killing of civilian populations, measures must be established to enable appropriate and rapid intervention.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- According to the framework, triggering factors include: upcoming elections; a change of Government outside of an electoral or constitutionally sanctioned process; instances in which the military is deployed internally to act against civilians; commencement of armed hostilities; natural disasters; and increases in opposition capacity, which may be perceived as a threat and prompt pre-emptive action. The Special Rapporteur considers that these valuable indicators can also be applied effectively in situations in which violence may not constitute genocide. Indicators and early warning mechanisms must be employed in practice and lead to alarms being triggered and concrete action taken.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Access to an interpreter is an essential fair trial guarantee for any person accused who does not understand the language in which the proceedings will be conducted. This right, however, is not always fully implemented or respected in practice.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- It has been suggested that harsher sentencing can result from bias introduced by interpretation, because of cultural differences unintentional expression of the interpreter's preconceptions, or negative perceptions of the accused's or the witness's credibility by the court or jury due to interpretation. Caution must be exercised when using a non-certified translator or interpreter, and all interrogation and other records should specify the identity and status of any such person. If translation is a minimum requirement in all cases, it is clear that it does not necessarily provide the fullest possible guarantee of fairness.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Where States have religious courts, they must ensure the rights of those not belonging to the same religion, through exercise of their right to choose whether they wish to be tried by a religious or a secular court, and the availability of appeals in all cases.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Non-discrimination and promotion of cultural diversity should be part of the professional training of all staff within the criminal justice system.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- This rigid and stratified allocation of work results in Dalits having not only limited job opportunities, but also lower wages, particularly in rural areas.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Sri Lanka experience contributed to the development of the Secretary-General's "Rights up front" initiative which seeks to ensure better organizational preparedness to meet the challenges of safeguarding human rights and protecting civilians in complex crises.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- In 2008, Kenya established the National Cohesion and Integration Commission, following ethnically-based violence after the 2007 elections. The Commission is entrusted with facilitating and promoting a Kenyan society whose values are harmonious and non-discriminatory, with the aim of achieving peaceful coexistence and integration. The Commission conducts activities to combat discrimination and enhance tolerance and management of diversity, and advises the Government in the promotion of harmony and peaceful coexistence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The requirement of "impartial tribunal" as an aspect of the right to fair trial signifies that judges not only must be free from any actual prejudice but also must "appear to a reasonable observer to be impartial". In assessing whether conduct by a judge vis-à-vis a minority individual violates this standard, one should consider specifically how members of the minority would perceive that conduct.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The State also has due diligence obligations with regard to the enjoyment of human rights. Those obligations relate to preventing violations and protecting persons from them. When violations have occurred, the State has the obligation to appropriately investigate, to compensate victims and to exert serious efforts to prevent repetition. The prevention of violations relates to those carried out by non State actors and even in the private sphere.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 131
- Paragraph text
- Special measures, including reservations, quota systems and/or schemes, should be put into place and enforced in specific areas, including employment, education, and public and political institutions, in order to guarantee the effective participation and representation of affected communities in public life.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- The format of the media environment has undergone a dramatic transformation to host Internet and online media platforms, allowing live interaction and more rapid outreach worldwide. In the digital age, media has also widened its scope to include social media, where people share and/or exchange information, ideas and initiatives across vast national and international networks and virtual communities. New forms of online media which allow those who advocate hate speech or cyberhate to easily access large audiences are subject to less regulation than traditional media and provide anonymity to those who wish to exploit it.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- However, while external constraints on emergency responses, including security, access and cost, are certainly significant, they are barriers that should and could be overcome with targeted planning and design. Furthermore, while humanitarian actors need to be sensitive to risk factors during conflict, risk aversion cannot mean that humanitarian actors should prioritize the easiest-to-reach over the most vulnerable. To the contrary, a key consideration in any successful humanitarian intervention is the capacity to overcome, or at least adapt to, certain constraints to ensure non-discriminatory and equal access to humanitarian assistance for all.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In Nepal, in the agricultural sector, Haliyas ("ones who plough") are labourers effectively caught in a debt bondage system. They plough the land, a task considered dirty. They are often forced to take out loans from landowners to cover personal expenses and are charged exorbitant rates of interest, making their debts extremely difficult to pay back and effectively trapping them in a never-ending cycle of submission. According to civil society reports, despite criminalization by the Government in 2010, the practice still persists and there is currently no legislation in place for the rehabilitation of Haliyas.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- While no single, one-size-fits-all solution exists to ensure proper implementation of the right to effective participation, a number of features of participation models and mechanisms can be identified. As regards the choice of a particular electoral system, international law does not impose any specific solution either. The Human Rights Committee has held that "the system must be compatible with the rights protected by article 25 (of the Covenant) and must guarantee and give effect to the free expression of the will of the electors".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- Hatred is often constructed, fuelled, maintained and directed by certain individuals or groups against other individuals and communities who are different in ethnicity, language or religion from the dominant majority, often for political reasons or owing to long-standing and entrenched discrimination. Hateful messages may fall on particularly fertile ground where there are wider social, economic or political problems or divisions in society. The root causes of hatred often lie beyond purely ethnic or religious difference and must be better understood.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Allocation of labour on the basis of caste is one of the core pillars of caste and caste like systems, with lower castes typically confined to "polluting", "filthy" or "impure" tasks and occupations. This labour division is characterized by its extreme rigidity and exclusion, preventing individuals from the lowest strata from changing occupations and largely hindering their labour mobility. Attempts to challenge the established order may result in social punishment, including physical and psychological aggression and community boycotts.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Hatred is often constructed, fuelled, maintained and directed by certain individuals or groups against other individuals and communities who are different, in ethnicity, language or religion from the dominant majority, often for political reasons or due to long-standing and entrenched discrimination. Hateful messages may fall on particularly fertile ground where there are wider social, economic or political problems or divisions in society. The root causes of hatred often lie beyond purely ethnic or religious difference.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- A six-part test has been developed by the NGO Article 19 to determine the appropriate threshold for assessing the types of expressions constituting "incitement to hatred": (1) context of the expression, including consideration of existing conflicts within society, existence and history of institutionalized discrimination, history of clashes and conflicts over resources, the legal framework and the media landscape. In relation to media, issues to be examined include censorship, existence of barriers to establishing media outlets, limits to the independence of the media or journalists, broad and unclear restrictions on the content to publish or broadcast and evidence of bias in the application of the restrictions, absence of criticism of government or wide-ranging policy debate in the media and access by the audience to a range of alternative and easily accessible views and speeches; (2) speaker, including consideration of his/her official position, level of authority or influence over the audience and whether the statement was made by a person in his/her official capacity. Politicians and public officials or persons of similar status should be given special consideration; (3) intent of the speaker to incite hatred, not mere recklessness or negligence; (4) content of the expression, including what was said, the targeted audience and the targeted potential victims, tone and form of the speech; (5) extent and magnitude of the expression, including the means of dissemination (press, audiovisual media, work of art, etc.); (6) likelihood of harm occurring, including its imminence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Stateless persons are particularly vulnerable as they do not enjoy the right to nationality or any of the corresponding human and civil rights, and they may be targeted, or not adequately protected, by national authorities. In times of humanitarian crises, conflict or natural disasters, this lack of protection can be particularly acute. Statelessness can often be a root cause of forced displacement, particularly in times of crises. Forced displacement can in turn heighten the risks of becoming stateless, particularly as documents may be lost in flight.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Gross inequalities and persistent poverty are frequently elements in the complex social, economic and geopolitical equations which lead to conflict and violence. Discrimination is a cause and a consequence of inequality and poverty and, under certain circumstances, including where land and resources are scarce, results in communities made vulnerable to violence. Addressing inequality and promoting equitable societies are key conflict and violence prevention measures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that rules for use of force by police respect the principles of necessity and proportionality, and that intentional use of lethal force is restricted to situations where it is strictly unavoidable in order to save life. Discriminatory patterns of use of excessive or otherwise unlawful force should be independently and impartially investigated and the results should be publicized.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- Civil society organizations have developed innovative approaches and actions to combat hate in the media, including the Internet. Those actions include identifying hate trends, tracking and monitoring hate speech websites, notifying potentially affected or targeted communities about hate activities, working closely with Internet providers and governmental agencies to report hateful content and providing online educational materials and training programmes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- While recognizing the technical and operational difficulties in combating online hate speech, the Special Rapporteur encourages States to take specific measures, including specialized training of law enforcement bodies and prosecutors, to address hate crimes and incitement to hatred on the Internet, and to exchange information and best practices at the international level.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits "any propaganda for war" as well as "any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence" (art. 20).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo