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Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Urges all States to develop, adopt and fully implement laws and to take other measures, such as policies and educational programmes, as appropriate, to eradicate harmful practices, including female genital mutilation and early and forced marriage, which are violations of the human rights of women and girls, and to intensify efforts, in cooperation with local women's and youth groups, to raise collective and individual awareness on how such harmful practices violate the human rights of women and girls;
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Concerned that early and forced marriage and forced sexual relationships have adverse physical, social and psychological effects on adolescent and young girls and violate their human rights, and that early childbearing and early and forced marriage reduce opportunities for adolescent and young girls to complete their education, develop employable skills and participate in community development,
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Youth
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Child marriage and the betrothal of girls and boys shall be prohibited and effective action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify the minimum age of marriage to be 18 years and make registration of all marriages in an official registry compulsory.
- Organismo
- Organization of African Unity
- Tipo de documento
- Regional treaty
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 1990
Párrafo
African Youth Charter 2006, para. 1l
- Paragraph text
- 1. States Parties acknowledge the need to eliminate discrimination against girls and young women according to obligations stipulated in various international, regional and national human rights conventions and instruments designed to protect and promote women's rights. In this regard, they shall: l) Enact and enforce legislation that protect girls and young women from all forms of violence, genital mutilation, incest, rape, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, trafficking, prostitution and pornography;
- Organismo
- African Union
- Tipo de documento
- Regional treaty
- Temas
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2006
Párrafo
Assessment of the status of implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Expresses deep concern about the pervasiveness of gender-based violence, in particular violence against women and girls, and reiterates the need to further intensify efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls and harmful practices, including child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, and recognizes that violence against women and girls is one of the obstacles to achieving the empowerment of women and that women's poverty and lack of political, social and economic empowerment, as well as their marginalization, may result from their exclusion from social policies for and the benefits of sustainable development and can place them at increased risk of violence;
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Temas
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The Commission welcomes international momentum to address the issue of child, early and forced marriage. The Commission recognizes that child, early and forced marriage is a harmful practice, and notes that its continued prevalence, among other factors, has slowed the achievement of several of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls.
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 42d
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions:] [Realizing women's and girls' full enjoyment of all human rights]: Implement concrete and long-term measures to transform discriminatory social norms and gender stereotypes, including those that limit women's roles to being mothers and caregivers, and eliminate harmful practices including, inter alia, female genital mutilation and honour crimes, in order to achieve gender equality and women's and girls' empowerment and the full realization of the human rights of women and girls;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 42m
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions:] [Realizing women's and girls' full enjoyment of all human rights]: Eliminate all harmful practices, including child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, by reviewing, adopting, enacting and enforcing laws and regulations that prohibit such practices, creating awareness around their harmful health consequences and generating social support for the enforcement of these laws;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Servile marriage and domestic servitude are two forms of contemporary slavery that disproportionately affect women and girls. In a previous report, the Special Rapporteur defined servile marriage as an arrangement "in which a spouse is reduced to a commodity over whom any or all the powers of ownership are attached" (A/HRC/21/41, summary). Practices such as polygamy and "bride price", especially when coupled with the prevalence of domestic violence, are possible indicators of servile marriage. Women's bodies are directly tied to a family's honour in many cultures, and if a girl refuses to marry, "she can be subject to character assassination or kidnapping by the man or his family to force her into marriage or to rape her" (ibid., para. 71). There is little to no legal protection for women in these situations in many countries. Some countries have gone so far as to enact legislation that acquits perpetrators of rape if they marry their victim. If a woman enters into a servile marriage, she essentially becomes a slave to her husband and his family.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish 18 years as the minimum age of marriage for girls and boys, with a prohibition on the procurement, offering, conducting of or forcing into an under-age marriage;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Girls
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- A number of social practices are rooted in discrimination against women. Child marriage is entrenched in social and gender norms that significantly affect the well-being of girls.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Closely tied to domestic violence, practices that are harmful and degrading undermine the rights and status of women and girls and continue without systematic monitoring or punishment, despite the increasing existence of legal prohibitions. In some countries, early and forced marriage, polygamy and unregistered marriages continue to be of concern. The mandate considers these practices "aggravated factors" that increase vulnerability of women to violence. In Kyrgyzstan, the Special Rapporteur found correlation between early marriages (12.2 per cent of women) and unregistered marriages, on the one hand, and rising unemployment and feminization of poverty and the resurfacing of patriarchal traditions and religious conservatism, on the other. Early marriage contributes to high maternal mortality rates due to prolonged labour and other complications. Similarly, women living in unregistered marriages in Algeria experienced heightened vulnerability to violence and abuse and were reported to have difficulties in ending abusive relationships due to lack of support, alternative housing and legal protection. Despite legal restrictions in regard to polygamy, the Special Rapporteur heard accounts from women who were subjected to violence or threats of violence by husbands who wished to obtain consent to a polygamous marriage.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence 2011, para. b
- Paragraph text
- Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to ensure that the following intentional conducts are criminalised: (b) coercing or procuring a woman to undergo any of the acts listed in point a; c inciting, coercing or procuring a girl to undergo any of the acts listed in point a.
- Organismo
- Council of Europe
- Tipo de documento
- Regional treaty
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence 2011, para. k
- Paragraph text
- Recognising, with grave concern, that women and girls are often exposed to serious forms of violence such as domestic violence, sexual harassment, rape, forced marriage, crimes committed in the name of so-called "honour" and genital mutilation, which constitute a serious violation of the human rights of women and girls and a major obstacle to the achievement of equality between women and men;
- Organismo
- Council of Europe
- Tipo de documento
- Regional treaty
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In some circumstances, early marriage is used as an economic survival strategy by poor families. Girls are given into marriage, often against their will and in exchange for a dowry, in order to settle the family's debts, to acquire land or even to settle disputes between families or clans.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Committee on the Rights of the Child have noted that harmful practices affecting women and girls are deeply rooted in social attitudes according to which women and girls are regarded as inferior to men and boys based on stereotyped roles. They highlight the gender dimension to violence and indicate that sex- and gender-based attitudes and stereotypes, power imbalances, inequalities and discrimination perpetuate the widespread existence of practices that often involve violence or coercion. They maintain that the nature and prevalence of these practices vary according to region and culture. These practices cause serious harm to every aspect of the lives of the women and girls who fall victim to them and include incest, female genital mutilation, early and/or forced marriage, so-called "honour crimes", dowry-related violence, neglect of girls, extreme dietary restrictions, virginity tests, servitude, stoning, violent initiation rites, widowhood practices and female infanticide. The obligations set out in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child form the basis for the elaboration of a global strategy to eliminate harmful practices, which should be well defined, rights-based, have local relevance and comprise legal, economic and social support measures combined with proportional political engagement and State responsibility at all levels.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- In many contexts, States fail to establish and enforce a clear legal hierarchy based on the guarantees of equality and non-discrimination set forth in international human rights law and national legislation, thus helping to maintain patriarchal modes of organization and behaviours. Even when the law is independent of any religious source, it may be strongly influenced by culture, deriving from dominant ideologies linked to religion, traditional attitudes and social norms. Some States adopt national laws and regulations that restrict the rights, power and mobility of women on the basis of essentialist points of view belonging to a particular culture or religion. Conservative religious extremist movements impose strict modesty codes in order to subjugate women and girls in the name of religion, particularly in situations of political transition or conflict. For example, some branches of Islam have reintroduced forced and/or early marriage and some branches of Christianity prevent women from having access to therapeutic abortion. Religious extremism limits women's rights, including their right to health and economic activity, and they are generally subject to harsh sanctions for crimes committed against the patriarchy, such as adultery. At the international level, many States justify their reservations to articles of several human rights conventions, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, in the name of preserving their cultures and religions. Human Rights Council resolutions 16/3 on promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms through a better understanding of traditional values of humankind and 26/11 on the protection of the family threaten to undermine international achievements in the field of human rights in the name of cultural and religious diversity.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- However, not all forms of marriage deserve recognition. The Working Group calls for the non-recognition of those forms that discriminate against women and/or fail to ensure equality and justice for women, whatever the legal system, religion, custom or tradition. This refers to, among others, early and/or forced marriage, temporary marriage and polygamy. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Human Rights Committee have recommended that States should prohibit polygamy on the grounds that it contravenes women's right to equality with men and can have serious emotional and financial consequences for women and their dependants. However, there are national civil codes that legalize polygamous marriage, early and/or forced marriage and temporary marriage. The Working Group advocates the repeal of these codes. Among the countries that deem such marriages to discriminate against women and girls, some consider them void and others merely voidable. In all cases, the legal solution must protect the rights of women and girls, who remain the victims of these harmful marriages. Their rights to subsistence, to property, including land and inheritance, to a place of residence, to custody of children and to remarry must be guaranteed.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The role of women in the family has generally been under patriarchal control in cultures and religions that subject women and girls to forced and/or early marriage and discrimination in a number of areas of family life, such as consent to enter into marriage, dowry obligations, the right to possess and manage property, sexual relations, requirements regarding modesty and freedom of movement, guardianship and custody of children, divorce and division of matrimonial assets, the punishment of adultery, the right to remarry following dissolution of the marriage or death of the husband, the status of widows and inheritance. In addition, women and girls are generally not treated equally in families with regard to the division of rights and responsibilities. Discrimination against women and girls in the family and in marriage affects all aspects of their lives.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Many girls are exposed to a wide variety of practices which are harmful to their health and well-being, such as female genital mutilation, discrimination in food allocation resulting in malnutrition and discrimination in access to professional health care. Furthermore, early marriage and adolescent pregnancy have a long-lasting impact on girls' physical integrity and mental health. Pregnancy and childbirth are together the second leading cause of death among 15- to 19-year-old girls globally, putting them at the highest risk of dying or suffering serious lifelong injuries as a result of pregnancy. For example, up to 65 per cent of women with obstetric fistula, which is a severely disabling condition and often results in social exclusion, develop this condition as adolescents.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In patriarchal cultures, the preference for sons leads to the prioritization of boys' and men's health before that of women and girls, resulting in discriminatory practices such as female infanticide. This is evident in cultural customs relating to food which cause girls and women, including pregnant and nursing women, to suffer disproportionately from malnutrition.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group found that instrumentalization and politicization of women's biological functions in many countries subjects legislation and policies regarding women's and girls' health and safety to patriarchal agendas, especially regarding reproductive and sexual health and mental health. The Working Group found manifestations in all regions of instrumentalization, taboos regarding menstruation and breastfeeding and stereotypes which result in harmful practices such as female genital mutilation or which have a negative impact on women's body image, leading to their seeking invasive cosmetic procedures.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child 2007, para. 14.4.d
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission [...] urges Governments [...] to:] [14.4. Health] (d) Develop and implement national legislation and policies prohibiting harmful customary or traditional practices, particularly female genital mutilation, that are violations of and obstacles to the full enjoyment by women of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, and prosecute the perpetrators of such practices that are harmful to the health of women and girls;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child 2007, para. 14.9.e
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission [...] urges Governments [...] to:] [14.9. Violence and discrimination] (e) Strengthen advocacy and rights-based awareness-raising programmes directed at eliminating all forms of violence and discrimination against girls by engaging girls and boys, parents and families, local community, political, religious and traditional leaders and educational institutions, and provide adequate financial support to efforts at both national and local levels to change behaviour, stereotyped attitudes and harmful practices;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child 2007, para. 14.9.h
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission [...] urges Governments [...] to:] [14.9. Violence and discrimination] (h) Eliminate all forms of discrimination against the girl child and the root causes of son preference, which results in harmful and unethical practices regarding female infanticide and prenatal sex selection, which may have significant repercussions on society as a whole;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child 2007, para. 14.9.l
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission [...] urges Governments [...] to:] [14.9. Violence and discrimination] (l) Increase education and training among teachers and health service providers in identifying acts of violence against the girl child, and ensure that they also take action to eradicate all forms of violence against the girl child, including customary and traditional practices that are harmful to the health of the girl child;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights, held at Vienna from 14 to 25 June 1993, States are urged to repeal existing laws and regulations and to remove customs and practices which discriminate against and cause harm to the girl child. Article 16 (2) and the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child preclude States parties from permitting or giving validity to a marriage between persons who have not attained their majority. In the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, "a child means every human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier". Notwithstanding this definition, and bearing in mind the provisions of the Vienna Declaration, the Committee considers that the minimum age for marriage should be 18 years for both man and woman. When men and women marry, they assume important responsibilities. Consequently, marriage should not be permitted before they have attained full maturity and capacity to act. According to the World Health Organization, when minors, particularly girls, marry and have children, their health can be adversely affected and their education is impeded. As a result their economic autonomy is restricted.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Fertility, reproductive health and development 2011, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Urges Governments, in order to ensure the contribution of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development to the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, to, inter alia, protect and promote full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms regardless of age and marital status, including by eliminating all forms of discrimination against girls and women, working more effectively to achieve equality between women and men in all areas of family responsibility and in sexual and reproductive life, empowering women and girls, promoting and protecting the right of women and girls to education at all levels, providing young people with comprehensive education on human sexuality, on sexual and reproductive health, on gender equality and on how to deal positively and responsibly with their sexuality, enacting and enforcing laws to ensure that marriage is entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses, ensuring the right of women to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence, combating all forms of violence against women, including harmful traditional and customary practices such as female genital mutilation, developing strategies to eliminate gender stereotypes in all spheres of life and achieving gender equality in political life and decision-making, which would contribute to the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the Millennium Development Goals;
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Fertility, reproductive health and development 2011, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Stresses that States should eliminate all forms of discrimination against the girl child and the root causes of son preference, which results in harmful and unethical practices regarding female infanticide and prenatal sex selection, increase public awareness of the value of the girl child, and concurrently, strengthen the girl child's self-image, self-esteem and status, and improve the welfare of the girl child, especially in regard to health, nutrition and education, and urges Governments to take the necessary measures to prevent infanticide, prenatal sex selection, trafficking in girl children and the use of girls in prostitution and pornography;
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Practices and beliefs are different in every culture, but generally menstruation is considered to be something unclean or impure and contact between men and women during menstruation is viewed as something that should be avoided. Girls and women are sometimes not allowed to use the same toilets as men or are barred from certain locations. Girls all over the world grow up with the idea that menstruation is something they should hide and not speak about - an embarrassing event associated with shame. This powerful stigma and taboo surrounding menstruation translates into fear of leaking or staining clothes. Worldwide, women and girls prefer to hide the fact that they are menstruating. Data collected in Senegal shows that, owing to shame, menstrual material, once washed, is mainly dried in secluded, private and dark locations, such as tiled rooms or even under pillows, instead of in direct sunlight, which would reduce the risk of infection by ensuring that pathogens do not grow.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo