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The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- This is not to say that private companies do not face pressures. They do. But when States request corporate involvement in censorship or surveillance, companies should seek to prevent or mitigate the adverse human rights impacts of their involvement to the maximum extent allowed by law. In any event, companies should take all necessary and lawful measures to ensure that they do not cause, contribute or become complicit in human rights abuses. Arrangements with corporate partners should be structured to ensure that all parties uphold their human rights responsibilities. Companies should also seek to build leverage in pre-existing business relationships to prevent or mitigate adverse human rights impacts.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association are not absolute, meaning that not only can they be temporarily derogated from in a state of emergency, but they can also be exceptionally interfered with under other circumstances. While they are human rights guaranteed to all, their exercise may be subject to certain restrictions. Such restrictions are permitted if they are necessary for a number of public purposes, including the protection of the rights and freedoms of others, as long as they are proportionate and provided for by law. Security and emergency laws, measures aimed at curtailing the financing of international terrorism, anti-money-laundering regulations and other limitations restrictive of civic space in the name of general public purposes, however, do not, as such, justify systematic violations of the freedom of peaceful assembly and of association.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- While the inclusion of the concept that development promotes human rights into the international human rights system is crucial, the Special Rapporteur stresses that a major shift in the global human rights conversation requires the recognition that the interaction between development and human rights is twofold. Development contributes to human rights, and the enjoyment of those rights promotes development. In that context, the use of public space, participation in public debate and the possibility of organizing and associating all contribute to expanding civil space within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 16, which provides for peaceful, inclusive and just societies with effective, accountable and inclusive institutions. Inequalities, on the other hand, have a negative impact on the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In his second report to the General Assembly (A/69/365), he examined the exercise of the rights to peacefully assemble and to associate at the international level, specifically in the context of multilateral institutions and their impact on those rights. He observed that civil society was far too often excluded from international debates, with multilateral institutions commonly viewing peaceful assemblies, whether during global summits or when implementing a project, as posing a security threat; that the operations of many multilaterals lacked transparency; and that reprisals against human rights defenders who cooperated with multilaterals were common. He further examined obstacles to the exercise of assembly and association rights in the context of multilaterals, some erected by the entities themselves, and some by the States that comprised them. He also made extensive recommendations on what should be done to improve the situation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Business is often at the origin of violations of human rights, including the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur also wishes to emphasize the potentially positive role of business in defending human rights. A number of companies from various industry sectors are increasingly realizing that the protection of civic society organizations and individuals is not only right, but also in their interest.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Considering the wealth of thematic research and recommendations produced in the first six years of the mandate, it is of utmost importance for the Special Rapporteur to increase the visibility of and disseminate this work, together with her future work, as broadly and widely as possible, so that it is known and used both internationally and at the national level to advance the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Accordingly, she is seeking engagement for litigation. In order to raise awareness among relevant stakeholders and the public at large, the Special Rapporteur seeks the cooperation of professional associations, non-governmental organizations and their networks, as well as other relevant stakeholders and any other parties who have knowledge of cases involving assembly and association issues. A call for submission to that effect can be found on the mandate website.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Pre-existing policies and mechanisms could also be reformed or strengthened to address violations of freedom of expression. For example, a provider could make improvements to its content restriction policy and the training of its content moderation teams to reduce the likelihood of unfair website takedowns or overbroad content restrictions such as filtering. Customer complaint mechanisms could also be updated to allow users to flag network traffic management practices, commercial filtering classifications and other content restrictions they deem to be unduly restrictive or unfair.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- While the freedom of peaceful assembly and the freedom of association are considered two separate rights (A/HRC/20/27, para. 4), it is essential today to consider how the two rights are closely interrelated and interdependent. The joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on the proper management of assemblies emphasizes the importance of assemblies in developing democratic systems, fostering public participation and presenting alternative perspectives to established interests (A/HRC/31/66, paras. 5-6). However, for assemblies, which are generally defined as “temporary” or “long-term” gatherings of people in private, public or online spaces (ibid., para. 10), to achieve their ultimate goals, individuals must be able to fully exercise their right to freedom of association, through which they organize collective action, engage constructively with stakeholders, including policymakers and legislators, and help to institutionalize the political, economic or social changes to which those participating in assemblies aspire. It is the combination of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and the right to freedom of association that strengthens responsive democratic governance systems and ensures the full and meaningful exercise of the right to participate in public affairs, as expressed in article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Expanding civic space is part of the global vision of OHCHR and is likely to remain so for the coming four years (2018-2021). She will, therefore, work closely with the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, treaty bodies, other Human Rights Council mechanisms and the United Nations system in general to contribute to an increase in global civic space, the creation of a safe and enabling environment for civil society and the promotion and protection of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association worldwide.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur supports and reiterates the joint recommendation made by the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions that the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights convene an expert group to examine the application of the international human rights framework to “less lethal” weapons and unmanned systems for law enforcement purposes, including with a focus on their use in the context of assemblies.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also wishes to salute the outstanding work accomplished by his predecessors since the establishment of the mandate in 1985. He intends to consolidate and build on their achievements throughout his tenure.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Access to information in international organizations 2017, para. 63a
- Paragraph text
- [Civil society organizations, the media and members of the public should:] Engage directly and seek a formal role with intergovernmental organizations in the process of development of access to information policies, including by identifying for them the key areas of interest in information;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In sum, the Special Rapporteur is of the view that international law must protect every human being from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, whoever the perpetrators may be. Throughout his tenure, the Special Rapporteur will therefore aim to contribute to closing the protection gap for victims of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment at the hands of non-State actors, including by advocating for the mutual reinforcement of human rights and international humanitarian law obligations. In carrying out his mandate, the Special Rapporteur is also willing to explore, to the extent appropriate and practicable, the benefits of engaging in a direct dialogue with non-State actors, including de facto authorities, other armed groups and private companies, to achieve a positive impact on the ground. The Special Rapporteur will also endeavour to further contribute to the ongoing discussions on holding non-State actors accountable for human rights violations, including for acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- In interpreting the relevant legal provisions, the Special Rapporteur will be guided, among other sources, by State practice, international jurisprudence and two soft law instruments widely recognized to reflect generally recognized conditions and modalities governing the use of force by law enforcement officials: the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials and the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials. The Special Rapporteur intends to conduct his thematic work in this area based on consultations and expert meetings with relevant stakeholders and experts, and building on earlier analyses by other special procedure mandate holders who explored similar issues.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Access to information in international organizations 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Recognition of the right to information, consistent with article 19 of the International Covenant, has come with the acknowledgment that access to information may be subject to limitations. Those limitations, originating in article 19 (3), must be provided by law and be necessary and proportionate in order to protect the rights or reputations of others, national security or public order or public health or morals. I have previously reviewed how the restrictions permissible under article 19 (3) apply in the context of freedom of information (A/70/361, paras. 8-13). How international organizations might translate the norms of the International Covenant for the purposes of their own access-to-information initiatives is discussed below.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 62a
- Paragraph text
- [In the present report, the Special Rapporteur examined whether and in which circumstances the extra-custodial use of force by State agents amounts to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Special Rapporteur’s substantive conclusions can be summarized as follows:] Today, the absolute and non-derogable prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is universally recognized as a core principle of international law that is binding upon all States, irrespective of their treaty obligations. The prohibition of torture is also one of the few norms of customary international law that is universally recognized as having attained peremptory status (jus cogens);
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The current mandate holder intends to contribute to the development of international standards for the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association and to focus on their implementation or lack thereof. To that end, she will strive to ensure that every paragraph in her reports conveys a relevant piece of information for States, civil society organizations and all relevant stakeholders. As mandated by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 15/21 (para. 5 (d)), she will integrate a gender perspective throughout her work.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In his first report to the General Assembly (A/68/299), the previous mandate holder addressed concerns about the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, documenting the countless threats to such freedoms in the context of elections. One of the most critical findings outlined in the report was that elections did not exist in a vacuum, and their quality could not be judged solely by what happened during the vote, but also by what happened before and after the elections. Another critical finding was that, “given the importance of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections, the threshold for imposing such restrictions should be higher than usual: the criteria of ‘necessity in a democratic society’ and ‘proportionality’ should be more difficult to meet during election time” (ibid., para. 25).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Access to information in international organizations 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Some Governments ensure oversight through annual reports that review the status of their freedom of information regime. The World Bank has followed suit by publishing annual freedom of information reports. In the spirit of such disclosure, intergovernmental organizations should consider posting the responses to requests on their websites so that all subsequent requesters have access to that information. Annual reports that provide statistics regarding the implementation of their access-to-information policies, and their consistency with article 19 of the International Covenant, ensure the proper review of existing policies. For example, IFC monitors its own policy and issues periodic reports on its implementation. This helps show the tangible effects its policy has on increasing transparency and access to information. It also discloses monthly summaries of requests for the public to view and monitor and discloses how many appeals were filed before the Appeals Board.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is intended to be the eyes and the ears of the Human Rights Council on matters pertaining to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association that warrant the Council’s attention. However, the ultimate beneficiary of the Special Rapporteur’s work cannot be the Council alone.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Another defining feature of her work will be strategic litigation in national, regional and international courts. The Special Rapporteur considers that litigating in cases that raise issues of freedom of peaceful association and of assembly before national, regional and international courts not only fully complements the advocacy and policy work associated with her mandate, but also will be key to building State practice, alongside and in addition to thematic reports, country visits, communications and awareness-raising.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Communications and press releases are formidable tools in the hands of mandate holders. The Special Rapporteur intends to continue to use communications, in the form of letters of allegation and urgent appeal letters, to bring to the attention of States and the international community alleged violations of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association with regard to individual cases and practices, as well as draft legislation and policies, which may restrict those rights in ways incompatible with international human rights norms and standards.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- As she approaches the end of her tenure as mandate holder, the Special Rapporteur has undertaken a review of the major developments relating to her work, particularly with respect to the thematic priorities she had decided to focus on at the beginning of her mandate (A/HRC/19/56), as well as the major challenges and emerging issues in the field of minority rights protection that she came across during her tenure.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- The government actions described below often fail to meet the standards of human rights law. Moreover, a lack of transparency pervades government interferences with the digital access industry. Failures of transparency include vague laws providing excessive discretion to authorities, legal restrictions on third party disclosures concerning government access to user data and specific gag orders. The lack of transparency undermines the rule of law as well as public understanding across this sector.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- In examining the relationship between the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and the international legal principles governing the use of force by State agents, and in developing concrete recommendations on the matter, the Special Rapporteur hopes to strengthen the capacity of States to ensure the effective prevention of and accountability for torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including in extra-custodial settings. Moreover, as a complement to existing international standards governing the use of force, the present report is aimed at contributing to the development of seamless guidance on the entire spectrum of the use of force, from non-lethal to deliberately lethal and from custodial to extra-custodial, and therefore at supporting States in complying with their relevant human rights obligations. The report is also aimed at facilitating synergies, both at the national and the international levels, between mechanisms tasked with protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and those involved in overseeing and regulating the use of force more generally.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- While the distinction between torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment will always depend on the applicable treaty definition, the generic observations set out in the paragraphs below can be made.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- States parties have the duty to take necessary steps to address these challenges in order to prevent a denial of justice and ensure the right to effective remedy and reparation. This requires States parties to remove substantive, procedural and practical barriers to remedies, including by establishing parent company or group liability regimes, providing legal aid and other funding schemes to claimants, enabling human rights-related class actions and public interest litigation, facilitating access to relevant information and the collection of evidence abroad, including witness testimony, and allowing such evidence to be presented in judicial proceedings. The extent to which an effective remedy is available and realistic in the alternative jurisdiction should be an overriding consideration in judicial decisions relying on forum non conveniens considerations. The introduction by corporations of actions to discourage individuals or groups from exercising remedies, for instance by alleging damage to a corporation’s reputation, should not be abused to create a chilling effect on the legitimate exercise of such remedies.
- Organismo
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers it an absolute priority of the mandate to continue transmitting urgent appeals to States with regard to individuals reported to be at risk of torture, as well as communications on past alleged cases of torture. However, having recently taken up his functions, the Special Rapporteur notes with serious concern that the resources allocated to the mandate are not sufficient to respond to the ever-growing number of urgent requests for intervention on behalf of individuals. The Special Rapporteur therefore appeals to the Human Rights Council, as well as to its members individually, to take every possible measure to allow the Special Rapporteur to carry out the mandate effectively.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Companies should disclose their policies and actions that implicate freedom of expression. Relevant disclosures include data retention and use policies, network management practices and the sale and purchase of network filtering and interception technologies. Companies should also disclose information about the frequency, scope and subject matter of due diligence processes and a summary of high-level findings. In general, companies should consult the growing number of resources that study valuable transparency indicators and other transparency best practices. Users, civil society and peer companies should also be consulted on the design and implementation of transparency measures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo