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Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS 2011, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Note with concern that national prevention strategies and programmes are often too generic in nature and do not adequately respond to infection patterns and the disease burden; for example, where heterosexual sex is the dominant mode of transmission, married or cohabitating individuals, including those in sero-discordant relationships, account for the majority of new infections but are not sufficiently targeted with testing and prevention interventions;
- Organismo
- United Nations General Assembly
- Tipo de documento
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Medio de adopción
- Consensus
- Temas
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender detainees report higher rates of sexual, physical and psychological violence in detention than on the basis of sexual orientation and/or gender identity than the general prison population (CAT/C/CRI/CO/2). Violence against these persons in custodial settings, whether by police, other law enforcement authorities, prison staff or other prisoners, is prevalent (A/HRC/29/23). Fear of reprisals and a lack of trust in the complaints mechanisms frequently prevent lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons in custody from reporting abuses. Their placement in solitary confinement or administrative segregation for their own "protection" can constitute an infringement on the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment. Authorities have a responsibility to take reasonable measures to prevent and combat violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender detainees by other detainees.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- A clear link exists between the criminalization of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons and homophobic and transphobic hate crimes, police abuse, community and family violence and stigmatization (A/HRC/19/41). At least 76 States have laws that criminalize consensual relationships between same-sex adults, in breach of the rights to non-discrimination and privacy; in some cases, the death penalty may be imposed. Such laws foster a climate in which violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons by both State and non-State actors is condoned and met with impunity. Transgender persons are criminalized in many States through laws that penalize cross-dressing, "imitating the opposite sex" and sex work. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons are frequently detained on the basis of laws containing vague and undefined concepts such as "crimes against the order of nature", "morality", "debauchery", "indecent acts" or "grave scandal" (A/HRC/29/23).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Transgender persons often face difficulties in accessing appropriate health care, including discrimination on the part of health-care workers and a lack of knowledge about or sensitivity to their needs. In most States they are refused legal recognition of their preferred gender, which leads to grave consequences for the enjoyment of their human rights, including obstacles to accessing education, employment, health care and other essential services. In States that permit the modification of gender markers on identity documents abusive requirements can be imposed, such as forced or otherwise involuntary gender reassignment surgery, sterilization or other coercive medical procedures (A/HRC/29/23). Even in places with no legislative requirement, enforced sterilization of individuals seeking gender reassignment is common. These practices are rooted in discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, violate the rights to physical integrity and self-determination of individuals and amount to ill-treatment or torture.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 70k
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons in detention, the Special Rapporteur calls on all States to:] Account for women's gender-specific health-care needs and provide individualized primary and specialist care, including comprehensive and detailed screenings and prerelease preparations, in a holistic and humane manner, in line with the Bangkok Rules; provide preventive and gender-sensitive care designed to safeguard women's privacy and dignity, including as regards mental health, sexual and reproductive health, HIV prevention and treatment and substance abuse treatment and rehabilitation programmes; and ensure that female detainees are examined and treated by female health-care professionals if they so request, except in emergency situations, when female staff should be present;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Adequate redress requires States to investigate, prosecute and punish perpetrators and inform the public of results. States must ensure that judicial procedures and rules of evidence are gender responsive; that equal weight is afforded to the testimony of women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons; and that the introduction of discriminatory evidence and the harassment of victims and witnesses are strictly prohibited. The standards established by international courts should serve as an example for domestic courts to follow, for instance by implementing institutional gender-balance requirements and prohibiting the admission of evidence regarding the victims' prior sexual conduct in cases of sexual, domestic and other gender-based violence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Some of the most prominent examples include "public morality" laws that have been used selectively against those promoting LGBTI rights. In June 2013, the President of the Russian Federation signed legislation banning "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations" among minors. There is no legal definition in the Russian law of what constitutes non-traditional sexual relations, but it is widely acknowledged to be code for homosexual relations. While legislators have argued that the main purpose of the law is to protect children, the Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed concern at the law and recommended its repeal, as it found that it encouraged the stigmatization and discrimination of LGBTI children and the targeting and persecution of the LGBTI community (CRC/C/RUS/CO/4-5, para. 25).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- In addition, sexual orientation and gender identity are increasingly used as a basis for explicit discrimination in the area of assembly rights. In Ukraine, a draft law "on propaganda of homosexuality", which prohibits "propaganda of homosexual relations" aimed at children, was recommended in 2013 for the consideration of the parliament. This draft law defines "propaganda" as any public action to spread information on same-sex relations, including peaceful assemblies and educational courses. In August 2012, a Russian court upheld a Moscow city council ban on gay pride parades, prohibiting such assemblies for the next 100 years. In early 2014, the President of Nigeria signed the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act, which bans gay marriage and also makes it an offence to register, operate, participate in or support gay clubs, societies, organizations, processions or meetings, or to make a public display of a same-sex amorous relationship, directly or indirectly. An offence is punishable by a prison term of 10 years. The provision effectively bans any public or private meeting on the subject of sexual orientation and gender identity. In Uganda, the President signed a new anti-homosexuality bill into law in February 2014. This law imposes a sentence of life imprisonment for homosexuality and same-sex marriage and five to seven years of imprisonment for the "promotion" of homosexuality, which directly targets and threatens the work of LGBTI organizations and human rights defenders. In Kuwait, the new criminal offence of "imitating the opposite sex" directly targets and criminalizes transgender people and anyone seen as not conforming to gender norms. It has resulted in harassment, arbitrary arrest and detention, abuse, torture and sexual assault of transgender people. Expressing its concern, the Human Rights Committee has recommended that the offence be repealed (CCPR/C/KWT/CO/2, para. 30).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association is also concerned when ostensibly secular States leverage fundamentalist religious teachings to restrict the assembly and association rights of certain groups. Nigeria (see A/HRC/26/21, case NGA 1/2014) and Uganda (see A/HRC/26/21, case UGA 1/2014), for example, have seized upon majority Christian opposition to homosexuality to impose draconian laws that severely restrict the assembly and association rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex individuals and groups (see, for example, A/HRC/25/74, case NGA 4/2013; and A/HRC/22/67, case UGA 5/2012).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- As with all human rights, States are required to take steps to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health. The criminalization of private, consensual same-sex conduct creates an environment that is not conducive to affected individuals achieving full realization of their right to health. Health services must be accessible for all, without discrimination, especially for the most vulnerable or marginalized sections of the population. The repeal of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex conduct between adults helps to ensure compliance with this State obligation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Various criminal laws exist worldwide that make it an offence for individuals to engage in same-sex conduct, or penalize individuals for their sexual orientation or gender identity. For example, consensual same-sex conduct is a criminal offence in about 80 countries. Other laws also indirectly prohibit or suppress same-sex conduct, such as anti-debauchery statutes and prohibitions on sex work. Many States also regulate extra-marital sexual conduct through criminal or financial sanctions, which affects individuals who identify as heterosexual but intermittently engage in same-sex conduct. These laws also have a significant impact on individuals engaging in sexual conduct with members of the opposite sex outside of marriage, particularly women, although this is outside the scope of this report.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that criminalization has adverse consequences on the enjoyment of the right to health of those who engage in consensual same-sex conduct, through the creation of the societal perception that they are "abnormal" and criminals. This has a severe deleterious impact on their self-regard, with significant, and sometimes tragic, consequences on their health-seeking behaviour and mental health. Rates of suicide attempts amongst youth who engage in consensual same-sex conduct have been variously reported as between three and seven times higher than for youth who identify as heterosexual; the rates are similar for adults.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Criminalization is not only a breach of a State's duty to prevent discrimination; it also creates an atmosphere wherein affected individuals are significantly disempowered and cannot achieve full realization of their human rights. For instance, States are bound to take steps to establish prevention and education programmes for behaviour-related health concerns such as HIV/AIDS. Decriminalization facilitates the achievement of this obligation because a social atmosphere wherein adult consensual same-sex conduct is accepted constitutes an essential part of structural prevention of HIV/AIDS. A legal framework promoting an enabling environment has been noted as one of the most important prerequisites to achieve this goal, along with combating both discrimination and structural violence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the information received indicates that community leaders and faith-based groups are increasingly resorting to the stigmatization of, and attacks against, defenders working on issues such as the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (A/HRC/4/37/Add.2, para. 32), violence against women and domestic violence. In numerous instances, defenders have been threatened with ostracism or pressured to stop their work in defence of human rights. Furthermore, the information received shows that women human rights defenders working in the area of domestic violence and other types of violence against women are often pressured by the family members of victims or threatened by the perpetrators or their own family members to drop cases.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Families
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Violations suffered by defenders as a consequence of their participation in protests range from threats following demonstrations to arbitrary arrest and detention, intimidation, ill-treatment, torture and excessive use of force by authorities. A cause for concern is the number of peaceful protesters who have been injured or killed during violent crackdowns by the authorities. The mandate holder has also identified specific protection needs concerning some groups of protestors, including women defenders and defenders working on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights; student activists; trade unionists; and defenders monitoring and reporting on demonstrations. Defenders engaged in protests linked to demands for democratic reforms; the anti-globalization movement; election processes; peace demonstrations; and land rights, natural resources and environmental claims are often in need of specific protection.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- In 2005, the mandate sent a communication regarding the systematic use of sexual and other forms of violence against women defenders in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Aside from this, two other cases of threatened and attempted rape were reported from the DRC, along with one attempted rape of a women defender's daughter in the Central African Republic, and the threatened rape of an LGBT activist in Kenya. Sexual assaults, including instances of gang rape in detention of LGBT activists, were also reported in Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, India, and Nepal. The alleged perpetrators of these acts were mostly unknown/ unidentified but also included members of the police, military, armed groups, or local members of the community.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Use of legislation to regulate activities of human rights defenders 2012, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Penal codes in many States contain articles whose declared objective is to preserve public morals and cohesion, with punishments ranging from fines to years of imprisonment and, in some cases, even the death penalty. In recent years, various pieces of legislation have been enacted to bring about further restrictions in the name of public morals, notably with regard to homosexuality, access to contraceptive methods, abortion, cross-dressing and gender reassignment surgery, and the provision of information regarding sexuality and sexual and reproductive health through formal or non-formal education. Such legislation has considerable implications for human rights defenders working to combat discrimination, on issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity, and on sexual and reproductive rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- In some countries, civil society organizations have established monitoring programmes that document and verify information on attacks against defenders, identifying patterns of violations and abuses. They maintain databases on defenders, monitoring the risks that they face. They make visible the situation of defenders at risk in particular contexts, pressuring States to be accountable for their protection. Gender analysis should be integrated into human rights monitoring programmes, in particular, from the perspective of intersectionality. This would ensure that the specific experiences of women and transgender persons are, along with those of men, understood and incorporated into the design of protection measures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Another particularly at-risk group is defenders of the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons. Discrimination and attacks against them are increasing at an alarming rate, partly as a result of the rise of religious fundamentalism around the world. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur welcomes the appointment of an Independent Expert on sexual orientation and gender identity and hopes to be able to collaborate with him to better protect persons working to defend the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Gender-based violence, endemic even in peacetime and often amplified during conflict, can be committed against any persons because of their sex and socially constructed gender roles. While women, girls, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, sexual minorities and gender-non-conforming individuals are the predominant targets, men and boys can also be victims of gender-based violence, including sexual violence stemming from socially determined roles and expectations. As noted by the Committee against Torture in its general comment No. 2 (2007) on the implementation of article 2 of the Convention, gender-based crimes can take the form of sexual violence, other forms of physical violence or mental torment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 70n
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons in detention, the Special Rapporteur calls on all States to:] Consider the imprisonment of pregnant women and women with young children only when other alternatives are unavoidable or unsuitable; ensure that sentencing policies and practices respect the best interests of the child, including the need to maintain direct contact with mothers; assist female offenders with tools to carry out child-rearing responsibilities and make special provisions for mothers prior to admission to allow for alternative childcare arrangements; and allow children to maintain personal relations and direct contact with mothers in detention;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons are disproportionately subjected to practices that amount to torture and ill-treatment for not conforming to socially constructed gender expectations (A/HRC/22/53). Violence motivated by homophobia and transphobia tends to be characterized by particularly brutal acts, often resulting in murder (A/HRC/19/41). Private actors typically inflict torture and ill-treatment on such persons in a climate of impunity as many States fail in their due diligence obligations to combat, prevent and remedy abuses. Lesbians and transgender women are at particular risk of mistreatment because of gender inequality and power relations within families and communities (ibid.). Sexual violence, including the practice of "corrective rape", uniquely affects lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex individuals (CEDAW/C/ZAF/CO/4). Discrimination and violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons extends into the family sphere and can include placement in psychiatric institutions, forced marriage and honour-based violence (A/HRC/29/23).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Women and girls tend to be at risk of honour violence or killing for engaging in sexual relations outside of marriage, choosing partners without their family's approval or behaving in other ways that are considered immoral; Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons are also targeted (A/HRC/29/23). Honour killings have been documented in South-East Asia, Europe, North America and the Middle East and affect 5,000-12,000 women each year. States' failure to prevent honour-based violence contravenes their obligations to combat and prevent torture and ill-treatment. This includes failure to grant asylum to persons facing the risk of honour violence in their countries of origin.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Social networking sites are also increasingly important to children as a means of fostering relationships and facilitating information exchange and interaction. Children report that social networking encourages creativity, enables choices and opinions to be informed by peer preferences, facilitates discussion and provides a platform for self-expression that is unavailable offline. These sites may serve an especially important role for members of minority groups, such as the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, who might otherwise feel isolated.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Criminal laws concerning consensual same-sex conduct, sexual orientation and gender identity often infringe on various human rights, including the right to health. These laws are generally inherently discriminatory and, as such, breach the requirements of a right-to-health approach, which requires equality in access for all people. The health-related impact of discrimination based on sexual conduct and orientation is far-reaching, and prevents affected individuals from gaining access to other economic, social and cultural rights. In turn, the infringement of other human rights impacts on the realization of the right to health, such as by impeding access to employment or housing.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Despite these recent developments in decriminalization, bringing many States into conformity with international human rights obligations, a significant number of countries maintain criminal penalties for consensual same-sex conduct. Some States have taken steps to broaden the application of existing laws, or to impose harsher penalties for same-sex conduct. Section 365A of the penal code of Sri Lanka formerly prohibited male homosexual acts, but was subsequently amended to be "gender-neutral", resulting in the criminalization of female same-sex conduct. The Parliament of Uganda introduced a bill in October 2009 that would allow for the death penalty as punishment for the violation of certain provisions of the anti-sodomy statute. Uganda, praised by HIV/AIDS activists for its treatment programme and policies, will put its campaign to eliminate HIV in great danger should this bill pass.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) defines sex workers as "female, male and transgender adults and young people who receive money or goods in exchange for sexual services, either regularly or occasionally, and who may or may not consciously define those activities as income-generating". It is noted, however, that no single term adequately covers the range of transactions worldwide that involve sex work (the term "sex worker" is increasingly used within the sector, as it is considered less stigmatizing and a better descriptor of workers' experiences than the word "prostitute").
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In the matter of Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi and Others, the High Court of Delhi cited the case of Toonen and considered the reasoning of the South African Constitutional Court in finding section 377 of the Indian Penal Code unconstitutional. This section of the code criminalized, "carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal" - wording from colonial rule that is still in use in more than half of the jurisdictions criminalizing sodomy worldwide. The Naz Foundation submitted that by criminalizing private, consensual same-sex conduct, section 377 perpetuated negative and discriminatory beliefs towards same-sex conduct, driving activities underground and crippling HIV/AIDS prevention efforts.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- For example, such a retrogressive tendency has been observed in the area of sexual and reproductive health and rights, and with regard to discrimination against groups in vulnerable situations, including children, documented and undocumented migrants, persons with disabilities and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. In his reports and through his other activities, the Special Rapporteur will highlight the need and importance of applying the principle of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights, and will underline how essential this is for the full realization of the right to health.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- AIDS is the second most common cause of death among adolescents globally. Worldwide, adolescents in key population groups, including gay and bisexual boys, transgender adolescents, adolescents who exchange sex for money, goods or favours and adolescents who inject drugs, are also at a higher risk of HIV infection. Adolescent girls in high-HIV burden countries are particularly vulnerable, making up 75 per cent of new infections in Africa in 2013, with gender inequality, harmful traditional practices and punitive age of consent laws identified as drivers of the epidemic. These sectors and groups face a disproportionately high risk of experiencing stigma, discrimination, violence, rejection by families, criminalization and other human rights violations when seeking sexual and reproductive health services, including denial of access to health-care services, such as HIV testing, counselling and treatment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, sex segregation policies have led to multiple rights violations in sport. Sex segregation has historically been justified on the basis of safety and fairness, rooted in assumptions of male physical superiority. Various legal decisions have noted that this is a generalization and have granted individual girls and women the right to compete in male sporting competitions - although not vice versa. Although it is important to preserve spaces for girls and women to confidently participate in sport, this should not result in exclusion of others, such as transgender people.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- During the period, the mandate sent 47 communications regarding defenders working on LGBT issues. Aside from the aforementioned alleged violations related to freedom of assembly and association, killings of LGBT human rights defenders were alleged in five communications, with rape and sexual violence, including against males, being reported in a further six. Various other communications detailed many instances of threats, death threats, physical attacks and violence, and stigmatization. Further, the criminalization of homosexuality has in some countries led to alleged arrests, torture and ill-treatment, including of a sexual nature, while in other countries it effectively prevented defenders from engaging in any advocacy for LGBT rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In the course of the initial consultations held in Geneva and Brussels and the bilateral discussions which he has been able to have with representatives of regional networks of defenders, the Special Rapporteur has been struck, among other issues, by how frequently his attention has been drawn to the most exposed groups, such as those who are seeking to promote and protect economic, social and cultural rights or the rights of minorities; environmental defenders; defenders of the rights of lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, transsexual and intersex persons, female defenders and those who strive for the rights of women; defenders who work on issues of companies and human rights; those who work in an area exposed to an internal conflict or a natural disaster; defenders living in isolated regions; or those who work on past violations, who are especially targeted.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Global trends in risks and threats facing human rights defenders 2015, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The lack of any protection under the law or in practice exacerbates the vulnerability of defenders of the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons. Neither the security forces nor judges are trained in regard to respect for the rights of these persons, which leads to major deficiencies in the registering of complaints, prosecuting those responsible for human rights violations and bring them to justice. The defenders also mentioned the lack of resources to enable them to seek legal assistance in cases of discrimination and aggression against them.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Adequate and effective complaint and oversight mechanisms are critical sources of protection for at-risk groups that experience abuses in detention. All too often proper safeguards are absent or lacking in independence and impartiality, while fear of reprisals and the stigma associated with reporting sexual violence and other humiliating practices discourage women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons from reporting. In many cases, the vulnerability and isolation of women and girls is compounded by limited access to legal representation, inability to pay fees or bail as a result of poverty, dependence on male relatives for financial support and fewer family visits.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The purpose and intent elements of the definition of torture (A/HRC/13/39/Add.5) are always fulfilled if an act is gender-specific or perpetrated against persons on the basis of their sex, gender identity, real or perceived sexual orientation or non-adherence to social norms around gender and sexuality (A/HRC/7/3). The definitional threshold between ill-treatment and torture is often not clear. A gender-sensitive lens guards against a tendency to regard violations against women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons as ill-treatment even where they would more appropriately be identified as torture.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 70q
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons in detention, the Special Rapporteur calls on all States to:] Ensure that migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are individually assessed, including with respect to their need for protection, and that adequate screening and assessment procedures are in place to identify victims of torture and ill-treatment; provide opportunities for safe, voluntary and dignified disclosure of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex status; and ensure that measures taken by migration authorities do not retraumatize victims;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- [International human rights instruments that protect the rights of particular groups specifically recognize directly or indirectly the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association for those groups:] The obligation of States to safeguard the human rights of LGBTI people is well established in international human rights law on the basis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which, in article 1, unequivocally reads: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights." Moreover, it is enshrined in the jurisprudence and interpretation of State obligations arising from international human rights law by numerous United Nations human rights treaty bodies. In its resolution 17/19, the Human Rights Council expressed concern at acts of violence and discrimination, in all regions of the world, committed against individuals because of their sexual orientation and gender identity.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The present report can be viewed as following on from the Special Rapporteur's 2014 report to the Council on threats against groups most at risk when exercising assembly and association rights (see A/HRC/26/29). That report focused on the groups whose rights were being violated, which included persons with disabilities; women; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people; and others. The follow-on report focuses on the other half of the equation: who are the perpetrators of these abuses, what are the ideologies that drive them, and what are the State's obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in this context?
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- A number of States now prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, following judicial decisions or the introduction of legislation concerning this issue. In the landmark 1998 case National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality and another v. Minister of Justice and others, the South African Constitutional Court struck down three separate sodomy laws, noting the right of all people to dignity and equality in concluding that discrimination based on sexual orientation was prohibited under the South African Constitution. The Supreme Court of the United States declared Texan sodomy laws unconstitutional in the case of Lawrence v. Texas, on the basis that it infringed on the liberty protected under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution through the criminalization of intimate, consensual sexual conduct.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The possibility of arrest, detention and deportation due to immigration status further discourages access to health facilities, goods and services, particularly for transgender sex workers who may face severe discrimination and abuse in their home country. Health needs of migrant sex workers are poorly understood in many countries, resulting in policies that fail to address their needs and vitiate the right to health. For example, possession of a condom as evidence of sex work-related criminality actively deters migrant sex workers from carrying condoms, which results in risky sexual behaviour and exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Encouragingly, the recent consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee on sex reassignment and hyperandrogenism addresses this issue. However, consensus should be reached among all international sporting bodies and national governments, in consultation with transgender organizations, on participation by transgender people and non-binary people in sporting competitions. Policies must reflect international human rights norms, should not exclude transgender people and non-binary people from participation and should not require irrelevant clinical data or unnecessary medical procedures as a precondition to full participation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The repeal of laws criminalizing transgender people on the basis of their gender identity or expression, and the legal recognition of gender identity based on self-identification (without abusive requirements) is a prerequisite for transgender people to access sports and enjoy healthy lifestyles. States, sporting organizations and other actors should adopt anti-discrimination policies that permit all persons to participate in amateur sport on the basis of their self-identified gender. Practical steps to create welcoming spaces for participation in sport and physical activity for transgender people and non-binary people could include the installation of appropriate changing rooms, the sensitization of sporting communities, and the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws in the sporting context.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Most families of street-connected children have experienced persistent discrimination, poverty and social exclusion. Street-connected children and young people face particular challenges, including the threat of being removed from their parents for neglect and put into orphanages or foster systems. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex young people are overrepresented in homeless populations in some countries and face additional stigmatization and social exclusion from their families and communities, and are more vulnerable to violence and more likely to be turned away from shelters.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The 28 communications sent regarding defenders working on women's rights or gender issues in Europe and Central Asia predominantly concerned LGBT activists in East and Central European countries including Poland, Moldova, Serbia, and the Russian Federation, as well as women's rights activists operating in Uzbekistan and Belarus. Alleged violations against LGBT activists in this region generally related to freedom of assembly or association, such as denial of permits for peaceful rallies or refusal to register an organization. Other reported violations against women's rights defenders were again largely judicial by nature, including arrests, detentions, judicial harassment, and conviction.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Aside from the "political" stigmatization to which both women defenders and their male counterparts are subjected in certain contexts, including accusations of being fronts for guerrilla movements, terrorists, political extremists, separatists, foreign countries or interests, women human rights defenders often face further stigmatization by virtue of their sex or the gender- or sexuality-based rights they advocate. As noted above, such work can be perceived as challenging established socio-cultural norms, tradition or perceptions about the role and status of women in society. As a result of this, women defenders often find themselves and their work subjected to stigmatization by both State and non-State actors. A common accusation directed in particular at those working on women's rights, gender issues, and LGBT rights, is the assertion that these defenders are somehow advocating or attempting to import "foreign" or "Western" values which contradict national or regional culture. State agents or representatives are often alleged to be responsible for such stigmatization.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 120g
- Paragraph text
- [To national human rights institutions:] Should establish a focal point or an entity dedicated to human rights defenders with specific attention to groups of defenders at particular risk such as women defenders and those working for women's rights and gender issues; those working on the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities; defenders working on environmental and land issues; journalists; and lawyers. This entity must be adequately resourced in order to respond promptly to reported violations and to offer necessary protection;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The media can also, however, reproduce and reinforce patterns of inequality and marginalization; for example, women defenders and LGBTI activists are sometimes targeted in social media smear campaigns and vilified by mainstream media outlets. Some good practices within the media to combat this phenomenon include proactive training about defenders at higher risk and emerging rights, as well as stronger support within media outlets for defenders and those working on these issues. Women defenders have noted a strong correlation between media outlets hiring and supporting women journalists and improved coverage of women's rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- As a starting point, the Special Rapporteur acknowledges that groups most at risk share the experience of discrimination, unequal treatment and harassment. He describes those groups based on their level of marginalization in the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. Some of the groups that are considered in the present report to be most at risk are persons with disabilities; youth, including children; women; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people; members of minority groups; indigenous peoples; internally displaced persons; and non-nationals, including refugees, asylum seekers and migrant workers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Adolescent girls, adolescents with disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex adolescents, adolescents living in institutions and adolescents from communities with a proliferation of unregulated weapons or experiencing armed conflict are among those particularly vulnerable to violence. The risks for girls include, for example, exposure to sexual violence and exploitation, forced and early marriage, honour killings and abusive practices often carried out in health-care settings, such as forced sterilization and forced abortion for girls with disabilities, and forced virginity testing.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Many adolescents, in particular girls and those identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender, are deterred from approaching health professionals in anticipation of a judgemental attitude that results from social norms or laws that stigmatize or criminalize their sexual behaviour. Rights to sexual and reproductive health for many adolescents are further compromised by violence, including sexual and institutional violence, coercion into unwanted sex or marriage, and patriarchal and heteronormative practices and values. This reinforces harmful gender stereotypes and unequal power relations that make it difficult for many adolescent girls to refuse sex or insist on safe and responsible sex practices.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Adolescence itself can be a basis for discrimination, with many adolescents treated as dangerous or hostile, incompetent to make decisions, incarcerated, exploited or exposed to violence as a direct consequence of their age. Health-care providers may perpetuate discrimination against adolescents when they deny them health services or contraceptive supplies or treat them poorly, which can make adolescents reluctant to seek the health-care they need. Adolescents belonging to marginalized groups or sectors, such as girls, racial or ethnic minorities, indigenous populations, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex adolescents, refugees and adolescents with disabilities, face a heightened risk of exclusion.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- A smaller number of communications regarding defenders working on these issues (33) were sent to countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The largest number of these concerned defenders in Zimbabwe. Alleged violations of a judicial nature were reported against defenders working on these issues in the Sudan and Uganda (particularly with regard to LGBT defenders). Communications were also sent to the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo where women's rights defenders faced risks such as attacks, raids, death threats, attempted rape, and sexual violence.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- As both mandate holders have reiterated on various occasions, female human rights defenders are subject to particular risks to which their male counterparts are not so greatly exposed, foremost among these being the risk of rape, sexual abuse, and other forms of sexual violence and harassment. During the 2004-2009 period, the mandate sent 26 communications regarding cases of rape, threatened rape, or other forms of sexual violence and harassment against women defenders. However, of these, six communications concerned abuses of this kind against LGBT activists.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Use of legislation to regulate activities of human rights defenders 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The right to freedom of peaceful assembly faces considerable limitations under the laws in question. In countries practising a regime of authorization for public assemblies, defenders seeking to organize public meetings, marches and demonstrations in favour of equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people, or to hold pride marches and festivals, are routinely denied permission to hold such events. Reasons cited include the need to uphold public morals and the risk of counter-protests. Human rights defenders who have defied such bans on public assemblies have, in many cases, been arrested and, in some cases, convicted under the applicable legislation relating to preservation of public morals. The Special Rapporteur wishes to stress that, on the basis of the principle of non discrimination, these justifications are insufficient to prevent such assemblies from taking place. If security risks are involved, it is the duty of the State to provide protection to those exercising their right to assemble peacefully, pursuant to article 12 (2) of the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Workplan and Future Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 124f
- Paragraph text
- [Member States should:] Pay particular attention to the most exposed groups: those who work for economic, social and cultural rights or minority rights; environmental defenders; defenders of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex rights; women defenders and those who work for women's rights; defenders who work in the area of business and human rights; those who work in an area exposed to internal conflict or a natural disaster; defenders living in isolated regions; and defenders working on past abuses, such as the families of victims of enforced disappearance;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Global trends in risks and threats facing human rights defenders 2015, para. 93a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States adopt the following measures:] Do more to disseminate the work of defenders and to support their work through campaigns and specific communication and information activities that pay tribute, in particular, to the contributions made by certain categories of defender, such as women; defenders of the rights of lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons; defenders working in the area of corporate social responsibility and land-related rights; defenders of the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples; and defenders who combat impunity and corruption;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- States' obligations to prevent torture are indivisible, interrelated, and interdependent with the obligation to prevent other forms of ill-treatment. States have an obligation to prevent torture and ill-treatment whenever they exercise custody or control over individuals and where failure to intervene encourages and enhances the danger of privately inflicted harm (general comment No. 2). States fail in their duty to prevent torture and ill-treatment whenever their laws, policies or practices perpetuate harmful gender stereotypes in a manner that enables or authorizes, explicitly or implicitly, prohibited acts to be performed with impunity. States are complicit in violence against women and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons whenever they create and implement discriminatory laws that trap them in abusive circumstances (A/HRC/7/3).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons are frequently denied medical treatment and subjected to verbal abuse and public humiliation, psychiatric evaluations, forced procedures such as sterilization, "conversion" therapy, hormone therapy and genital-normalizing surgeries under the guise of "reparative therapies". These procedures are rarely, if ever, medically necessary, lead to severe and life-long physical and mental pain and suffering and can amount to torture and ill-treatment (A/HRC/22/53). The criminalization of same-sex relationships and pervasive discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons lead to the denial of health care, information and related services, including the denial of HIV care, in clear violation of international human rights standards such as the Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Gender-based discrimination includes violence directed against or disproportionately affecting women (A/47/38). Prohibited conduct is often accepted by communities due to entrenched discriminatory perceptions while victims' marginalized status tends to render them less able to seek accountability from perpetrators, thereby fostering impunity. Gender stereotypes play a role in downplaying the pain and suffering that certain practices inflict on women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. Furthermore, gender intersects with other factors and identities, including sexual orientation, disability and age, that may render a person more vulnerable to being subjected to torture and ill-treatment (general comment No. 2). Intersectional identities can result in experiencing torture and ill-treatment in distinct ways. The torture protection framework must be interpreted against the background of the human rights norms that have developed to combat discrimination and violence against women.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo