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Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa 2003, para. c
- Paragraph text
- States Parties shall ensure that women and men enjoy equal rights and are regarded as equal partners in marriage. They shall enact appropriate national legislative measures to guarantee that: monogamy is encouraged as the preferred form of marriage and that the rights of women in marriage and family, including in polygamous marital relationships are promoted and protected;
- Organismo
- African Union
- Tipo de documento
- Regional treaty
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2003
Párrafo
Child, early and forced marriage 2016, para. 6
- Document
- Paragraph text
- Further calls upon States and encourages other stakeholders to address gender stereotypes, discriminatory social norms and harmful practices that contribute to the acceptance and continuation of the practice of child, early and forced marriage, including by raising awareness of its harm and the cost to society at large and by providing opportunities for discussion, in this regard, among others, within communities, including with the involvement of girls and boys, women and men, religious, traditional and community leaders, and parents and other family members, on the benefits of ending child, early and forced marriage and ensuring that girls and boys receive an education;
- Organismo
- Asamblea general de las Naciones Unidas
- Tipo de documento
- Resolución
- Temas
- Derechos sociales y culturales
- Prácticas nocivas
- Personas afectadas
- Familias
- Hombres
- Mujeres
- Niñas
- Niños
- NNA
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Child, early and forced marriage 2016, para. 7
- Document
- Paragraph text
- Recognizes that the child, for the full and harmonious development of his or her personality, should grow up in a family environment and in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding and that parents or, as the case may be, legal guardians, have the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child, acknowledging the need to support their capacity to prevent and eliminate child, early and forced marriage and reaffirming that the best interests of the child will be their basic concern;
- Organismo
- Asamblea general de las Naciones Unidas
- Tipo de documento
- Resolución
- Temas
- Derechos sociales y culturales
- Igualdad & inclusión
- Prácticas nocivas
- Personas afectadas
- Familias
- NNA
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
The contribution of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development to the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals 2009, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Urges Governments, in order to ensure the contribution of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development to the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, to, inter alia, protect and promote the full respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms regardless of age and marital status, including by eliminating all forms of discrimination against girls and women, working more effectively to achieve equality between women and men in all areas of family responsibility and in sexual and reproductive life, empowering women and girls, promoting and protecting women's and girls' right to education at all levels, providing young people with comprehensive education on human sexuality, on sexual and reproductive health, on gender equality and on how to deal positively and responsibly with their sexuality, enacting and enforcing laws to ensure that marriage is entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses, ensuring the right of women to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence, combating all forms of violence against women, including harmful traditional and customary practices such as female genital mutilation, developing strategies to eliminate gender stereotypes in all spheres of life and achieving gender equality in political life and decision-making, which would contribute to the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the Millennium Development Goals;
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2009
Párrafo
Fertility, reproductive health and development 2011, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Urges Governments, in order to ensure the contribution of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development to the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, to, inter alia, protect and promote full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms regardless of age and marital status, including by eliminating all forms of discrimination against girls and women, working more effectively to achieve equality between women and men in all areas of family responsibility and in sexual and reproductive life, empowering women and girls, promoting and protecting the right of women and girls to education at all levels, providing young people with comprehensive education on human sexuality, on sexual and reproductive health, on gender equality and on how to deal positively and responsibly with their sexuality, enacting and enforcing laws to ensure that marriage is entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses, ensuring the right of women to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence, combating all forms of violence against women, including harmful traditional and customary practices such as female genital mutilation, developing strategies to eliminate gender stereotypes in all spheres of life and achieving gender equality in political life and decision-making, which would contribute to the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the Millennium Development Goals;
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Health, morbidity, mortality and development 2010, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Urges Governments, in order to ensure the contribution of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development to the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, to, inter alia, protect and promote the full respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms regardless of age and marital status, including by eliminating all forms of discrimination against girls and women; working more effectively to achieve equality between women and men in all areas of family responsibility and in sexual and reproductive life; empowering women and girls, promoting and protecting women's and girls' right to education at all levels; providing young people with comprehensive education on human sexuality, on sexual and reproductive health, on gender equality and on how to deal positively and responsibly with their sexuality; enacting and enforcing laws to ensure that marriage is entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses; ensuring the right of women to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence; combating all forms of violence against women, including harmful traditional and customary practices such as female genital mutilation; developing strategies to eliminate gender stereotypes in all spheres of life and achieving gender equality in political life and decision-making, which would contribute to the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the Millennium Development Goals;
- Organismo
- Commission on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2010, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Further urges States to provide education and training on the rights of women and girls to families, community leaders and members of all professions relevant to the protection and empowerment of women and girls, such as all levels of health-care providers, social workers, police officers, legal and judicial personnel and prosecutors, in order to increase awareness and commitment to the promotion and protection of the rights of women and girls and appropriate responses to rights violations with regard to female genital mutilation;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2010, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Emphasizes that awareness-raising, community mobilization, education and training are needed to ensure that all key actors, Government officials, including law enforcement and judicial personnel, immigration officials, health-care providers, religious and community leaders, teachers, employers, media professionals and those directly working with girls, as well as parents, families and communities, work to eliminate attitudes and harmful practices that negatively affect girls;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2007, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon States to strengthen advocacy and awareness-raising programmes and mobilize girls and boys to take active part in developing programmes to eliminate harmful traditional practices, especially female genital mutilation, and to engage communities and religious leaders, educational institutions, the media and families and provide increased financial support to efforts at all levels to end these practices;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2008, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Urges States to provide education and training on the rights of girls to families, community leaders and members of all professions relevant to the protection and empowerment of girls, such as all levels of health-care providers, social workers, police officers, legal and judicial personnel and prosecutors, in order to increase awareness and commitment to the promotion and protection of the rights of girls and appropriate responses to rights violations with regard to female genital mutilation;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2008, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Emphasizes that awareness-raising, community mobilization, education and training are needed to ensure that all key actors, Government officials, including law enforcement and judicial personnel, health-care providers, religious and community leaders, teachers, employers, media professionals and those directly working with girls, as well as parents, families and communities, work to eliminate attitudes and harmful practices that negatively affect girls;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2010, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon States to strengthen advocacy and awareness-raising programmes, to mobilize girls and boys to take an active part in developing preventive and elimination programmes to address harmful traditional practices, especially female genital mutilation, and to engage communities and religious leaders, educational institutions, the media and families and provide increased financial support to efforts at all levels to end those practices;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2007, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Urges States to provide education and training on the rights of girls to families, community leaders and members of all professions relevant to the protection and empowerment of girls, such as all levels of health-care providers, social workers, police officers, legal and judicial personnel and prosecutors, in order to increase awareness and commitment to the promotion and protection of the rights of girls and appropriate responses to rights violations with regard to female genital mutilation;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2008, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon States to strengthen advocacy and awareness-raising programmes, to mobilize girls and boys to take an active part in developing preventive and elimination programmes to address harmful traditional practices, especially female genital mutilation, and to engage communities and religious leaders, educational institutions, the media and families and provide increased financial support to efforts at all levels to end those practices;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Ending female genital mutilation 2007, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Emphasizes that awareness-raising, community mobilization, education and training are needed to ensure that all key actors and government officials, including law enforcement and judicial personnel, health-care providers, teachers, employers, media professionals and those working directly with girls, as well as parents, families and communities, work to eliminate attitudes and harmful practices that negatively affect girls;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child 2007, para. 14.9.e
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission [...] urges Governments [...] to:] [14.9. Violence and discrimination] (e) Strengthen advocacy and rights-based awareness-raising programmes directed at eliminating all forms of violence and discrimination against girls by engaging girls and boys, parents and families, local community, political, religious and traditional leaders and educational institutions, and provide adequate financial support to efforts at both national and local levels to change behaviour, stereotyped attitudes and harmful practices;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Año
- 2007
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- States parties should also require the registration of all marriages whether contracted civilly or according to custom or religious law. The State can thereby ensure compliance with the Convention and establish equality between partners, a minimum age for marriage, prohibition of bigamy and polygamy and the protection of the rights of children.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- States parties' reports also disclose that polygamy is practised in a number of countries. Polygamous marriage contravenes a woman's right to equality with men, and can have such serious emotional and financial consequences for her and her dependants that such marriages ought to be discouraged and prohibited. The Committee notes with concern that some States parties, whose constitutions guarantee equal rights, permit polygamous marriage in accordance with personal or customary law. This violates the constitutional rights of women, and breaches the provisions of article 5 (a) of the Convention.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Polygamy is contrary to the dignity of women and girls and infringes on their human rights and freedoms, including equality and protection within the family. Polygamy varies across, and within, legal and social contexts and its impact includes harm to the health of wives, understood as physical, mental and social well-being, the material harm and deprivation that wives are liable to suffer and emotional and material harm to children, often with serious consequences for their welfare.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- An examination of States parties' reports discloses that many countries in their legal systems provide for the rights and responsibilities of married partners by relying on the application of common law principles, religious or customary law, rather than by complying with the principles contained in the Convention. These variations in law and practice relating to marriage have wide-ranging consequences for women, invariably restricting their rights to equal status and responsibility within marriage. Such limitations often result in the husband being accorded the status of head of household and primary decision maker and therefore contravene the provisions of the Convention.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Registration of marriage protects the rights of spouses with regard to property issues upon dissolution of the marriage by death or divorce. The Convention obligates States parties to establish and fully implement a system of marriage registration. However, many States parties lack either a legal requirement of marriage registration or implementation of existing registration requirements, and in such instances individuals should not be penalized for failure to register, including where lack of education and infrastructure makes registration difficult.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In general recommendation No. 21, paragraph 16, the Committee notes that some State parties "allow marriage to be arranged for payment or preferment", which is a violation of a woman's right to freely choose her spouse. "Payment or preferment" refers to transactions in which cash, goods or livestock are given to the bride or her family by the groom or his family, or when a similar payment is made by the bride or her family to the groom or his family. This practice should not be in any way required in order for a marriage to be valid, and such agreements should not be recognized by the State party as enforceable.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Some States parties that recognize polygamous marriages, under either religious or customary law, also provide for civil marriage, monogamous by definition. Where civil marriage is not provided for, women in communities that practice polygamy may have no choice but to enter into a marriage that is at least potentially, if not already, polygamous, regardless of their wishes. The Committee concluded in general recommendation No. 21 that polygamy is contrary to the Convention and must be "discouraged and prohibited".
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Crimes committed in the name of so-called honour are acts of violence that are disproportionately, although not exclusively, committed against girls and women because family members consider that some suspected, perceived or actual behaviour will bring dishonour to the family or community. Such forms of behaviour include entering into sexual relations before marriage, refusing to agree to an arranged marriage, entering into a marriage without parental consent, committing adultery, seeking divorce, dressing in a way that is viewed as unacceptable to the community, working outside the home or generally failing to conform to stereotyped gender roles. Crimes in the name of so-called honour may also be committed against girls and women because they have been victims of sexual violence.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Some legal regimes require the wife or her family to return to the husband or his family any economic benefits in the form of payment or preferment, or other such payments that were an element of marriage formation, and do not impose equal economic requirements on a divorcing husband. States parties should eliminate any procedural requirement for payments to obtain a divorce that does not apply equally to husbands and wives.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- While many States parties have chosen to ban polygamy, it continues to be practised in some countries, whether legally or illegally. Although throughout history polygamous family systems have been functional in some agricultural societies as a way of ensuring larger labour forces for individual families, studies have shown that polygamy actually often results in increased poverty in the family, especially in rural areas.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- States parties should provide for separating the principles and procedure dissolving the marriage relationship from those relating to the economic aspects of the dissolution. Free legal aid should be provided to women who do not have the means to pay for court costs and attorney fees, so as to ensure that no woman is forced to forgo her economic rights to obtain a divorce.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The payment of dowries and bride prices, which varies among practising communities, may increase the vulnerability of women and girls to violence and to other harmful practices. The husband or his family members may engage in acts of physical or psychological violence, including murder, burning and acid attacks, for failure to fulfil expectations regarding the payment of a dowry or its size. In some cases, families will agree to the temporary "marriage" of their daughter in exchange for financial gains, also referred to as a contractual marriage, which is a form of trafficking in human beings. States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography have explicit obligations with regard to child and/or forced marriages that include dowry payments or bride prices because they could constitute a sale of children as defined in article 2 (a) of the Protocol. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has repeatedly stressed that allowing marriage to be arranged by such payment or preferment violates the right to freely choose a spouse and has in its general recommendation No. 29 outlined that such practice should not be required for a marriage to be valid and that such agreements should not be recognized by a State party as enforceable.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- States parties should take all legislative and policy measures needed to abolish polygamous marriages. Nevertheless, as stated by the Committee in its general recommendation No. 27, "polygamy is still practised in many States Parties, and many women are in polygamous unions". Accordingly, with regard to women in existing polygamous marriages, States parties should take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of the economic rights of women.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. Article 16.2
- Paragraph text
- [Article 16] The betrothal and the marriage of a child shall have no legal effect, and all necessary action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify a minimum age for marriage and to make the registration of marriages in an official registry compulsory.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo