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Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 70q
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to women, girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons in detention, the Special Rapporteur calls on all States to:] Ensure that migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are individually assessed, including with respect to their need for protection, and that adequate screening and assessment procedures are in place to identify victims of torture and ill-treatment; provide opportunities for safe, voluntary and dignified disclosure of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex status; and ensure that measures taken by migration authorities do not retraumatize victims;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Although opportunities for adolescents in many parts of the world have improved in recent years, the second decade of life is associated with exposure to increasing risks to the right to health, including violence, abuse, sexual or economic exploitation, trafficking, harmful traditional practices, migration, radicalization, recruitment into gangs or militias, self-harm, substance use and dependence and obesity. Gender inequalities become more significant as, for example, girls become exposed to child marriage, sexual violence and lower levels of enrolment in secondary education. The world in which adolescents live poses profound challenges, including poverty and inequality, climate change and environmental degradation, urbanization and migration, radical changes in employment potential, aging societies, rising health-care costs and escalating humanitarian and security crises.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Gender
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 63l
- Paragraph text
- [In the light of the foregoing, the Committee recommends that States parties that have not already done so:] Implement effective measures to ensure that women and girls have equal access to identity documentation, including proof of nationality;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Women and girls belonging to minority communities, rural and indigenous women, migrant women, refugee women and those seeking asylum, and poor women face discriminatory practices in the implementation of laws on nationality and citizenship. They face prejudicial attitudes as well as structural obstacles which limit access to formal registration of births, marriage, residence and other citizenship documents as well as to relevant information on their rights as citizens. Women who are de facto heads of households, including those who have been abandoned by their husbands, whose divorce is not legally registered, or whose husbands have been forcibly disappeared and do not have death certificates for their husbands , are denied recognition of their status in official documents. Without such access, women from these communities become disproportionately vulnerable in exercising their full and equal rights as citizens.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The right to education of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers 2010, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- There is also ample evidence that migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking students in many countries face a far higher risk of marginalization with regard to education systems and opportunities when compared with native students Movement across national borders is only one of the many causal factors and mechanisms (social, economic, cultural, physical and psychological) that impact upon migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers in the exercise of their right to education. Early marriage and pregnancy, cultural expectations requiring girls and women to attend to childcare and household duties, and insecurity when travelling to school are examples of others. An assumption of linear causality should therefore be avoided.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Education
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Education and training of women 1997, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- There is wide consensus that education and training for girls and women, in particular, provides high social and economic returns and is a precondition for the empowerment of women. Education should be aimed at raising and promoting awareness of the rights of women as human rights. Governments, national, regional and international bodies, bilateral and multilateral donors and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, should continue to make special efforts to reduce the female illiteracy rate to at least half its 1990 level, with emphasis on rural, migrant and refugee women, internally displaced women and women with disabilities, in keeping with the Beijing Platform for Action.
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Education
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Women and armed conflict 1998, para. e
- Paragraph text
- [Actions to be taken by Governments and international organizations:] Ensure the physical safety and security of all refugee women and girls and those internally displaced by, inter alia, adequately providing for and increasing their access to the right of return to their country or place of origin, and the participation of women in the committees responsible for the management of the camp(s), and ensure that camps are designed in accordance with the 1995 Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women27 of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; and arrange for gender-sensitive legal, social and medical services in camps, and for the talents and capabilities of refugee and displaced women and girls to be fully integrated in the development and implementation of these programmes while they are in these camps;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 1998
Párrafo
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 42ii
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions:] [Realizing women's and girls' full enjoyment of all human rights]: Promote and protect effectively the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migration status, especially those of women and children, and address international migration through international, regional or bilateral cooperation and dialogue and through a comprehensive and balanced approach, recognizing the roles and responsibilities of countries of origin, transit and destination in promoting and protecting the human rights of all migrants, and avoiding approaches that might aggravate their vulnerability;
- Organismo
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Tipo de documento
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (e)
- Paragraph text
- Risk factors in the wider protection environment can arise as a result of and after flight for women and girls and may include problems resulting from insecurity and armed conflict threatening or exposing them to SGBV or other forms of violence; inadequate or unequal access to and enjoyment of assistance and services; lack of access to livelihoods; lack of understanding of women's and men's roles, responsibilities and needs in relation to reproductive healthcare, and lack of understanding of the consequences of SGBV on women's and girls' health; the position of women and girls in the displaced or host community which can result in their marginalization and in discrimination against them; legal systems, which do not adequately uphold the rights of women and girls under international human rights law, including those relating to property; those informal justice practices which violate the human rights of women and girls; asylum systems which are not sensitive to the needs and claims of female asylum-seekers; and mechanisms for delivering protection which do not adequately monitor and reinforce women's and girls' rights.
- Organismo
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Tipo de documento
- ExCom Conclusion
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2006
Párrafo
Article 9: Liberty and security of person 2014, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Liberty of person concerns freedom from confinement of the body, not a general freedom of action. Security of person concerns freedom from injury to the body and the mind, or bodily and mental integrity, as further discussed in paragraph 9 below. Article 9 guarantees those rights to everyone. "Everyone" includes, among others, girls and boys, soldiers, persons with disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, aliens, refugees and asylum seekers, stateless persons, migrant workers, persons convicted of crime, and persons who have engaged in terrorist activity.
- Organismo
- Human Rights Committee
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The Committee has previously noted that the Convention applies at every stage of the displacement cycle and that situations of forced displacement and statelessness often affect women differently from men and include gender-based discrimination and violence. Internal and external displacement have specific gender dimensions that occur at all stages in the displacement cycle; during flight, settlement and return within conflict-affected areas, women and girls are especially vulnerable to forced displacement. In addition, they are often subjected to gross human rights violations during flight and in the displacement phase, as well as within and outside camp settings, including risks relating to sexual violence, trafficking and the recruitment of girls into armed forces and rebel groups.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the heightened risks faced by internally displaced persons, refugees and asylum seekers, conflict can also be both a cause and a consequence of statelessness, rendering women and girls particularly vulnerable to various forms of abuse in both the private and public domains. Statelessness can arise when a woman's experience of conflict intersects with discrimination with regard to nationality rights, such as laws that require women to change nationality upon marriage or its dissolution or that deny them the ability to pass on their nationality.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The provisions of the Convention reinforce and complement the international legal protection regime for refugees and stateless women and girls, especially because explicit gender equality provisions are absent from relevant international agreements, notably the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereto, the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- States parties should recognize that trafficking is part and parcel of gender- related persecution, with the result that women and girls who are victims of trafficking or who fear becoming victims should be informed of and effectively enjoy the right of access to asylum procedures without discrimination or any preconditions. States parties are encouraged to classify victims of trafficking under the "social group" ground in the refugee definition in line with the UNHCR "Guidelines on international protection: the application of article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees to victims of trafficking and persons at risk of being trafficked" and are recommended to take measures so that women and girls are not returned to places where they risk being retrafficked.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- In addition, articles 2, 15 (1) and 16 require States parties to recognize that women may present independent claims to asylum. In this respect, their claims may also be based on fears relating to their children. For example, claims to refugee status may arise from a fear that their daughters will suffer female genital mutilation, be forced into marriage or be subjected to severe community ostracism and exclusion for being girls. The child's protection claim should also be considered on its own merits in a child-sensitive manner in the best interests of the child. Once the principal claimant is recognized as a refugee, other members of the family should normally also be recognized as refugees ("derivative status").
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 72g
- Paragraph text
- [Elements to be mainstreamed into national coordinating frameworks. The following elements need to be mainstreamed across the measures (legislative, administrative, social and educational) and stages of intervention (from prevention through to recovery and reintegration):] Children in potentially vulnerable situations. Groups of children which are likely to be exposed to violence include, but are not limited to, children: not living with their biological parents, but in various forms of alternative care; not registered at birth; in street situations; in actual or perceived conflict with the law; with physical disabilities, sensory disabilities, learning disabilities, psychosocial disabilities and congenital, acquired and/or chronic illnesses or serious behavioural problems; who are indigenous and from other ethnic minorities; from minority religious or linguistic groups; who are lesbian, gay, transgender or transsexual; at risk of harmful traditional practices; in early marriage (especially girls, and especially but not exclusively forced marriage); in hazardous child labour, including the worst forms; who are on the move as migrants or refugees, or who are displaced and/or trafficked; who have already experienced violence; who experience and witness violence in the home and in communities; in low socio-economic urban environments, where guns, weapons, drugs and alcohol may be easily available; living in accident- or disaster-prone areas or in toxic environments; affected by HIV/AIDS or who are themselves HIV infected; who are malnourished; looked after by other children; who are themselves carers and heads of households; born to parents who are themselves still under 18; who are unwanted, born prematurely or part of a multiple birth; hospitalized with inadequate supervision or contact with caregivers; or exposed to ICTs without adequate safeguards, supervision or empowerment to protect themselves. Children in emergencies are extremely vulnerable to violence when, as a consequence of social and armed conflicts, natural disasters and other complex and chronic emergencies, social systems collapse, children become separated from their caregivers and caregiving and safe environments are damaged or even destroyed;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Reminding States of the need for age and gender-sensitive asylum procedures and an age and gender-sensitive interpretation of the refugee definition, the Committee highlights that under-age recruitment (including of girls for sexual services or forced marriage with the military) and direct or indirect participation in hostilities constitutes a serious human rights violation and thereby persecution, and should lead to the granting of refugee status where the well-founded fear of such recruitment or participation in hostilities is based on "reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion" (article 1A (2), 1951 Refugee Convention).
- Organismo
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2005
Párrafo
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (d)
- Paragraph text
- In certain cases, the presence of one factor or incident may alone be sufficient to require an urgent protection intervention. In others, the presence of a combination of individual and wider protection environment factors will expose women and girls to heightened risk. In still others, if women and girls have been subjected, for instance, to SGBV in the area of origin or during flight, this may leave them at heightened risk in the place of displacement. Continuing assessment is required to monitor threat levels, as they may change over time.
- Organismo
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Tipo de documento
- ExCom Conclusion
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2006
Párrafo
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 57d
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Provide protection and assistance for internally displaced and refugee women and girls, including by safeguarding them from gender-based violence, including forced and child marriage; ensure their equal access to services and health care and full participation in the distribution of supplies, as well as in the development and implementation of assistance programmes that take into account their specific needs; provide protection against the displacement of indigenous, rural and minority women with special dependency on land; and ensure education and income-generation and skills training activities are available;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 57b
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Address the specific risks and particular needs of different groups of internally displaced and refugee women who are subjected to multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, including women with disabilities, older women, girls, widows, women who head households, pregnant women, women living with HIV/AIDS, rural women, indigenous women, women belonging to ethnic, national, sexual or religious minorities, and women human rights defenders;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 50c
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should institute gender-sensitive procedural safeguards in asylum procedures to ensure that women asylum seekers are able to present their cases on the basis of equality and non-discrimination. States parties should ensure:] That women asylum seekers have access to competent legal representation in advance of the initial asylum interview. Where necessary, they should be afforded legal assistance free of charge. Unaccompanied and separated girls must in all cases be assigned a qualified legal representative and a guardian to assist them through the asylum procedure and ensure respect for their best interests;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that access to education is maintained during all phases of the displacement cycle. Every unaccompanied and separated child, irrespective of status, shall have full access to education in the country that they have entered in line with articles 28, 29 (1) (c), 30 and 32 of the Convention and the general principles developed by the Committee. Such access should be granted without discrimination and in particular, separated and unaccompanied girls shall have equal access to formal and informal education, including vocational training at all levels. Access to quality education should also be ensured for children with special needs, in particular children with disabilities.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Año
- 2005
Párrafo
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- There is therefore a pressing need for a more preventative approach to these challenges. In this regard, the Protocol on the Prevention and Suppression of Sexual Violence against Women and Children (2006) of the Great Lakes region and the model law annexed thereto, the 2011 Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) provide some important entry points and examples in terms of legal frameworks. Fuel strategies and livelihood initiatives targeting displaced women and girls, and those at risk of displacement, are further practical measures which can be central to reducing exposure to sexual violence. Reducing vulnerability to sexual violence also entails ensuring that survivors have access to appropriate support, including reproductive and psychosocial services and that adequate resources are devoted to gender-sensitive site planning.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- All responses to internal displacement must recognize the particular dynamics of displacement and the profile of those displaced. In situations of conflict or violence, ethnic or religious minorities may be particularly affected and, consequently, the principles of equality and non-discrimination must be respected at all stages of the response and by all actors. Certain groups may be particularly vulnerable both during displacement and in displacement locations, including women and girls, children, older persons, persons with disabilities and the chronically ill. Responses must be sensitive to their needs and measures put in place to address specific protection concerns, including the need to protect women and girls from sexual violence (A/HRC/23/44).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Migrant children are more vulnerable to abuse and injuries than adult migrants. The frequent lack of distinction between adult and child migrants renders children vulnerable to rights violations, including in relation to the minimum age for admission to employment and the worst forms of child labour. Information available to the Special Rapporteur indicates that recruitment agencies sometimes recruit children and provide them with forged passports, falsely indicating that they are above 18 years of age. A case brought to the Special Rapporteur's attention concerned a migrant domestic worker reportedly aged 17, although her passport stated that she was older. She was charged with murder for the death of a baby in her care, and was later executed by beheading. Migrant children, particularly those who are unaccompanied, are also vulnerable to trafficking. While boys are most vulnerable to becoming victims of trafficking for labour exploitation and forced labour, girls are most vulnerable to trafficking for sexual exploitation and sexual slavery. The lack of community relations and parental oversight of unaccompanied migrant children renders them more vulnerable to abuse and exploitation than local child labourers. They suffer from more maltreatment in the workplace and are generally worse off in terms of working conditions compared to local children. Migrant child labourers are among the least visible and least politically empowered of workers, meaning that employers have no incentive to provide them with proper working and living conditions. This lack of legal protection also generally translates to lower levels of health and education for migrant children.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Migrants, asylum seekers and refugees worldwide face grave human rights violations during the migration process. Physical violence, threats and abductions by smugglers, traffickers and organized criminal groups are common. Women and girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence, exploitation and slavery along migration routes. Such abuses can amount to torture and ill-treatment and States' failure to properly screen migrants and refugees, identify victims of torture and provide appropriate care and support can retraumatize victims and inflict additional mistreatment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- A number of risk factors increase children's vulnerability and place them at higher risk of being sold and trafficked to meet the demand for sex with children. They include being female, aged between 12 and 18, belonging to an ethnic minority, living in a rural area, lacking education, having a disability, inadequate family protection, living in extreme poverty and having migrated. The general trends and patterns of sale, trafficking and sexual exploitation of children include increased control of trafficking routes and destinations by criminal organizations, which benefit from increased migration movements; the enhanced role of new technologies in marketing children for sexual exploitation, including through new forms of exploitation such as the online streaming of sexual exploitation (A/HRC/28/56, paras. 42-43); the normalization of prostitution as a legitimate business in tourism and entertainment; and the wide-scale migration of women and girls for domestic and entertainment work.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Gender discrimination and violence based on moral and religious constructs regarding the social or marital status of the mother have been a key driver of illegal adoptions in several countries. In Ireland, the so-called mother and baby homes, which were managed by Catholic organizations, and other maternity institutions, were established in the 1920s to deal with unmarried pregnant women and girls and operated until the 1990s. Conditions in those institutions were deplorable and cases of violence against the women were common (e.g. abuse of expectant mothers, forced labour, neglect and detention). Before the 1952 Adoption Act, most children born out of wedlock were placed in foster care, "boarded out" or informally adopted. After passage of the Act, children were put up for formal adoption. Consent was improperly induced or forcibly obtained and documents, including illegal birth registrations, were falsified on a large scale. Furthermore, there were cases of intercountry adoptions, in particular to the United States of America, which often resulted from the same illegal practices.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Children deprived of their liberty from the perspective of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2015, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recommends that States adopt child-friendly administrative and criminal court procedures and train police officers, border guards, detention staff, judges and others who may encounter children deprived of their liberty in child protection principles and a better understanding of the vulnerabilities of children to human rights violations, such as torture and other forms of ill-treatment. Special mention should be made of girls, who are particularly vulnerable, and to special groups of children, such as minorities, disabled children and migrants.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Conflict-related violence, such as sexual violence, can itself be a driver of forced internal displacement, which in turn increases vulnerability to further exploitation, including through trafficking. For instance, sexual violence by armed groups has forced ethnic minority women and girls in remote rural areas away from their communities and placed them at greater risk of trafficking within the country as well as overseas. Additionally, worsening security situations and overcrowded camps with inadequate basic services cause some internally displaced persons to risk crossing borders in an irregular manner in search of employment, putting themselves at high risk of exploitation because of their lack of legal status. Military attacks on camps further worsens displacement and causes undocumented internally displaced persons, including women and unaccompanied children, to flee their camps, exposing them to the risk of being exploited or trafficked.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo