Astuces de recherche
trié par
300 Listé sur un total de 10000+ Entités
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The question of whether to criminalize acts of witchcraft was examined by Philip Alston. After considering various arguments in favour of criminalization, including that local customs should be reflected in national law; that criminal law should protect against all types of violence, including violence committed by occult means; and that the failure of criminal law to address such acts leads individuals to take the law into their own hands to achieve what is popularly considered to be a just and fair result, he concluded that the weight of the arguments against criminalization was superior. Criminalization would reinforce the social stigmatization of those accused, and such a prohibition of witchcraft might be socially perceived as providing legitimacy to the killing and ill-treatment of alleged witches. In addition, the very subjective nature of witchcraft, illustrated by the difficulty of finding a clear definition of the concept and the impossibility of identifying objective factors as evidence to be weighed in a court of law were sufficient bases on which to conclude that acts of witchcraft as such should not be criminalized. This does not mean that criminal action becomes legitimate when committed for witchcraft purposes, but rather that a licit action should not be considered a criminal act because it is conducted for witchcraft purposes. Objective criminal acts should be prosecuted, regardless of their (mere or inextricable) link to witchcraft.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Second are the inherent limits of self-regulation, weak law enforcement and the absence of a far-reaching oversight mechanism for both urban and rural areas. Further, self-regulation by organizations of traditional healers have done little to prevent purported practitioners of traditional medicine from establishing themselves on their own, with no oversight at all. Weak enforcement of government licensing systems has also led to similar situations.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Since the adoption of the Convention, it is encouraging to note that many countries, including Argentina, Costa Rica, Czechia and Ireland, have revised their legal frameworks to recognize the right of persons with disabilities to access support to exercise legal capacity. In order to uphold a real paradigm shift, the implementation of supported decision-making systems must be accompanied by the abolishment of all substitute decision-making regimes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In 2016, the Independent Expert, in collaboration with regional human rights mechanisms, launched a process towards the development of a regional action plan to address attacks against persons with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa. The action plan seeks to identify concrete measures for implementing recommendations made by various human rights and other bodies and to translate them into a concrete road map for action with time-bound measures.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 46b
- Paragraph text
- [Accordingly, to be regarded as harmful, practices should meet any or a combination of the following criteria:] They constitute discrimination against women or children and are harmful insofar as they result in negative consequences for them as individuals or groups, including physical, psychological, economic and social harm and/or violence and limitations on their capacity to participate fully in society or develop and reach their full potential;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Although both children and adults are victims of attacks for the removal of body parts, civil society reports that children constitute the majority of victims. The apparent targeting of children is reportedly linked to the pursuit of innocence, which is believed to enhance the potency of the muti or juju. Further, children are more vulnerable to attacks because they are easy to find and capture and do not have the physical strength to fend off attackers.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, there is a need to recover and acknowledge the personal experience of impairment that informs the support needs that persons with disabilities have in order to participate in society, experiences that may have been rendered marginal in the disability-rights debate. The acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity should influence the way societies perceive and respond to individuals' support requirements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Studies in developed countries show that annual acute pesticide poisoning affects nearly 1 in every 5,000 agricultural workers. Globally, however, it is unknown what percentage of farmworkers experience acute pesticide poisoning owing to a lack of standardized reporting. Poor enforcement of labour regulations and lack of health and safety training can elevate exposure risks, while many Governments lack the infrastructure and resources to regulate and monitor pesticides.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Success must be calculated in terms other than economic profitability, and take into consideration the costs of pesticides on human health, the economy and the environment. Agroecology prevents direct exposure to toxic pesticides and helps improve air, soil, surface water and groundwater quality. Less energy intensive, agroecology can also help mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing emissions of greenhouse gasses and by providing carbon sinks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- In "hedge cities", prime destinations for global capital seeking safe havens for investments, housing prices have increased to levels that most residents cannot afford, creating huge increases in wealth for property owners in prime locations while excluding moderate- and low-income households from access to homeownership or rentals due to unaffordability. Those households are pushed to peri-urban areas with scant employment and services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In circumstances where Governments should be relying on positive measures and resource allocation to provide housing to households affected by economic downturns and widespread unemployment, many have been held accountable to austerity measures imposed by creditors. They have agreed to dramatically reduce or eliminate housing programmes, privatize social housing and sell off massive amounts of housing and real estate assets to private equity funds.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Housing and real estate markets have been transformed by corporate finance, including banks, insurance and pension funds, hedge funds, private equity firms and other kinds of financial intermediaries with massive amounts of capital and excess liquidity. The global financial system has grown exponentially and now far outstrips the so-called real "productive" economy in terms of sheer volumes of wealth, with housing accounting for much of that growth.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Information received by the previous mandate holder and the work of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, as well as other holders of thematic mandates, have revealed disturbing patterns of attacks and violence against members of religious minorities and their places of worship. In this context, the Special Rapporteur presented a thematic report to the General Assembly in 2013 (A/68/268) on minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- When administrative or national quasi-judicial mechanisms do not exist or are not able to successfully resolve a dispute, the right to an effective remedy requires that people whose rights to water and sanitation have been affected be able to turn to a court. A right of judicial review as a last resort is sometimes indispensable. In this context, it is critical that judicial systems uphold the justiciability of the human rights to water and sanitation in line with international human rights law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The right to health requires that health-care goods, services and facilities be available in adequate numbers; financially and geographically accessible, as well as accessible on the basis of non-discrimination; acceptable, that is, respectful of the culture of individuals, minorities, peoples and communities and sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements and of good quality, thus meeting all the criteria of availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- “Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one’s own choices, and independence of persons” is a guiding principle set forth in article 3 (a) of the Convention that is particularly critical in the interpretation of the right to adequate housing. The deprivation of choice of where and with whom to live is often the most critical assault on dignity and autonomy for persons with disabilities.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In the absence of safe and regular migration channels, as well as permanent and accessible mechanisms for children and their families to access long-term regular migration status or residence permits, children are forced to search for precarious alternatives that increase their exposure to risks of sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In the international human rights framework, persons with albinism have normative protection in the International Bill of Rights covering all their fundamental human rights, including the rights to life, physical integrity, liberty, security, the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and an adequate standard of living. Further protection can be found in specific instruments, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which proscribes "racial discrimination" based on colour.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Measures identified can be implemented by integrating them into existing, broader frameworks, including laws and policies to implement the rights of persons with disabilities, on access to health, on the rights of women and children, on access to justice services, on victim support services and to eliminate racial discrimination (including discrimination based on colour). Such measures should be extended to the family members of persons with albinism and, in particular, to mothers of children with albinism and women generally. At the same time, specific measures of protection and anti-discrimination for persons with albinism should also be carried out where possible, particularly in countries affected by attacks against persons with albinism and where neglect of this group has been historical and dire.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The Independent Expert emphasizes the need to incorporate in the plan, as in all initiatives on the issue, a dual or twin-track approach. This includes, on the one hand, an emergency and priority response in the area of protection against and prevention of attacks and, on the other hand, the adoption of long-term policies to fight discrimination; address rampant myths, dangerous misconceptions, stigma and witchcraft practices affecting persons with albinism; and ensure full enjoyment by those persons of their socioeconomic rights, among others.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Witchcraft practice, in particular the use of body parts of persons with albinism for muti or juju, is undeniably one of the main root causes of attacks against persons with albinism. However, owing to challenges in conceptualizing "witchcraft" using objective elements, attempts at establishing clear legal boundaries around such practices - including to deter related harmful practices - have been elusive. One key exception is witchcraft accusations, an aspect of witchcraft practice that can be, and has been, legally captured with objective elements because there is no need to define "witchcraft" itself to achieve the purpose of preventing accusations and related violence.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- It is likely that similar laws, including those inherited from the colonial era, when examined in the light of the principles of human rights, including the rule of law and the right to a fair trial, would lead to outcomes similar to the ones prescribed by the Commission. They include repealing outdated legislation on witchcraft, while emphasizing the necessity of sanctioning persons who accuse others of witchcraft; making it generally known that harmful practices related to witchcraft would be prosecuted; and ensuring that mere belief in witchcraft is not criminalized. However, as witchcraft in general has yet to feature prominently on the radar of human rights mechanisms, the initiation of a system-wide approach, beginning with a scaled-up version of the exercise conducted in Papua New Guinea, including an exercise in definition, is timely.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107l
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Regulate corporations to respect human rights and avoid environmental damage during the entire life cycle of pesticides;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- International cooperation can play a crucial role in the implementation of support systems. Donor countries and international organizations should consider increasing funding for the design and development of sustainable national support systems and securing the necessary funds to implement development aid inclusive of the support arrangements required by persons with disabilities. For example, when funding national education systems, donors should take into account the obligation to provide support to children and adolescents with disabilities within the general education system to facilitate their effective education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- States must refrain from adopting retrogressive measures that affect their obligation to ensure access to support for persons with disabilities. In times of crisis, more support is needed, rather than cuts (ibid., para. 85). Reduction and caps on direct payments, personal budgets and other benefits; stricter eligibility criteria; the elimination or reduction of subsidies and tax credits; and reduced expenditures on community support services, such as in-home services and personal assistance, affect the right to live independently and be included in the community and to an adequate standard of living. States should ensure sufficient resources for individual funds to enable persons with disabilities to access appropriate support.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Support is a normal part of community life, with families serving as the first source of support for everyone. For many persons with disabilities, family support serves as a bridge to access other assistance needed to fully enjoy their human rights. However, when no other options are available and families are the sole source of support, the autonomy of persons with disabilities and their family members is reduced. Those being supported have no choice or control over the assistance they require to pursue their life plans, and questions of overprotection and conflict of interest commonly arise. Families - especially the poorest - are also under significant pressure as unpaid familial support also affects social relationships, income levels and the general well-being of the household. Women and girls are disproportionately affected, as in practice they are the main providers of support within the household, reducing their freedom and choices to pursue their own life plans.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Guaranteeing access to support for persons with disabilities is not only a human rights obligation for States, but also an essential condition to ensure that no one is left behind in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Even if we advance in the areas of accessibility and non-discrimination, persons with disabilities will always need to have access to support. In fact, without appropriate support to carry out daily activities and participate in society, many persons with disabilities will not be able to exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms, and will remain at risk of abuse and institutionalization. Support measures are vital to enable persons with disabilities to benefit from all policies and programmes and to live fully in the community on an equal basis with others. States should guarantee the full and equal enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities in the provision of support.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- The present report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food was written in collaboration with the Special Rapporteur on the implications for human rights of the environmentally sound management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes. Pesticides, which have been aggressively promoted, are a global human rights concern, and their use can have very detrimental consequences on the enjoyment of the right to food. Defined as any substance or mixture of substances of chemical and biological ingredients intended to repel, destroy or control any pest or regulate plant growth, pesticides are responsible for an estimated 200,000 acute poisoning deaths each year, 99 per cent of which occur in developing countries, where health, safety and environmental regulations are weaker and less strictly applied. While records on global pesticide use are incomplete, it is generally agreed that application rates have increased dramatically over the past few decades.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Without or with minimal use of toxic chemicals, it is possible to produce healthier, nutrient-rich food, with higher yields in the longer term, without polluting and exhausting environmental resources. The solution requires a holistic approach to the right to adequate food that includes phasing out dangerous pesticides and enforcing an effective regulatory framework grounded on a human rights approach, coupled with a transition towards sustainable agricultural practices that take into account the challenges of resource scarcity and climate change.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Certain groups are at substantially higher risk of pesticide exposure, as detailed below.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Pesticide residues are commonly found in both plant and animal food sources, resulting in significant exposure risks for consumers. Studies indicate that foods often contain multiple residues, thereby resulting in the consumption of a “cocktail” of pesticides. Although the harmful effects of pesticide mixtures are still not fully understood, it is known that in some cases, synergistic interactions can occur that lead to higher toxicity levels. High cumulative exposure of consumers to pesticides is particularly worrying, especially with lipophilic pesticides, which bind with fats and bioaccumulate in the body.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- In Europe, genetically engineered crop regulations exemplify the precautionary principle. If an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the public or the environment, in the absence of scientific consensus, the burden of proof falls on those taking the action or policy to demonstrate that it is not harmful. In contrast, in the United States, the biggest producer of genetically engineered crops, regulations have generally followed the concept of “substantial equivalence”, whereby a novel crop or food is compared to an existing one and if judged adequately similar, it falls under existing regulations. Considering their probable grave effects on health and the environment, there is an urgent need for holistic regulation on the basis of the precautionary principle to address the genetically engineered production process and other new technologies at the global level.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Despite the harms associated with excessive and unsafe pesticide practices, it is commonly argued that intensive industrial agriculture, which is heavily reliant on pesticide inputs, is necessary to increase yields to feed a growing world population, particularly in the light of negative climate change impacts and global scarcity of farmlands. Indeed, over the past 50 years, the global population has more than doubled, while available arable land has only increased by about 10 per cent. Evolving technology in pesticide manufacture, among other agricultural innovations, has certainly helped to keep agricultural production apace of unprecedented jumps in food demand. However, this has come at the expense of human health and the environment. Equally, increased food production has not succeeded in eliminating hunger worldwide. Reliance on hazardous pesticides is a short-term solution that undermines the rights to adequate food and health for present and future generations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, articles 11 and 12 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women address women’s right to protection of health and safety, including the safeguarding of the function of reproduction, and call for special protections to be accorded to mothers before and after childbirth. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women also calls on States to take appropriate measures to provide special protection to women during pregnancy. Such obligations clearly extend to minimizing the risks of maternal exposure to pesticides.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The responsibility of corporations is specified in the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. In addition to setting out States’ existing obligations to protect against business-related human rights abuse and ensure access to remedy for victims, the Guiding Principles specify the independent responsibility of businesses to respect human rights, that is to avoid and address adverse human rights impacts linked to their operations. While businesses are not directly bound by international human rights treaties, the Guiding Principles provide a broadly agreed normative basis to assess corporate activity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107r
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Eliminate pesticide subsidies and instead initiate pesticide taxes, import tariffs and pesticide-use fees.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Neonicotinoids are accused of being responsible for “colony collapse disorder” of bees worldwide. For example, heavy use of these insecticides has been blamed for the 50 per cent decline over 25 years in honeybee populations in both the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This decline threatens the very basis of agriculture, given that wild bees and managed honeybees play the greatest role in pollinating crops. According to estimates from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), of some 100 crop species (which provide 90 per cent of global food), 71 per cent are pollinated by bees. The European Union, unlike the United States, restricted the use of certain neonicotinoids in 2013.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Indeed, article 12 of the International Covenant provides a right to the highest attainable level of health and obligates States to take measures to improve all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene. In its general comment No. 14 (2000) on the right to the highest attainable standard of health, the Committee embraces the notion that the right extends to the underlying determinants of health, such as safe food, potable water, safe and healthy working conditions and a healthy environment. It also notes that the obligation to improve industrial and environmental hygiene essentially entails the right to a healthy workplace, including the prevention and reduction of exposure to harmful substances, and the minimization of the causes of health hazards inherent in the workplace. With regard to pesticide exposure, human rights law underlines the obligation on States to ensure that people live and work in safe and healthy environments and have access to safe and clean food and water. As such, exposure to pesticides, whether at work, as a bystander or via residue found on food or in water, would violate a person’s right to the highest attainable level of health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- Implementing the right to adequate food and health requires proactive measures to eliminate harmful pesticides. Corporations have the responsibility to ensure that the chemicals they produce and sell do not pose threats to these rights. There continues to be a general lack of awareness of the dangers posed by certain pesticides, a condition exacerbated by industry efforts to downplay the harm being done as well as complacent Governments that often make misleading assertions that existing legislation and regulatory frameworks provide sufficient protection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The tripartite obligations of States in relation to the management of financial markets and the regulation of private actors are often interpreted too narrowly. Under international human rights law, States' obligations in relation to private investment in housing and the governance of financial markets extend well beyond a traditional understanding of the duty to simply prevent private actors from actively violating rights. The assumption, bolstered by neo-liberalism, that States should simply allow markets to work according to their own rules, subject only to the requirement that private actors "do no harm" and do not violate the rights of others, is simply not in accordance with the important obligation to fulfil the right to adequate housing by all appropriate means, including legislative measures.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Prior to the advent of mortgage-backed securities in the 1980s, the provision of credit for a housing purchase was generally an individualized contractual relationship between a single lender, usually a bank or a savings and loan institution, and a single creditor or homeowner. Mortgage-backed securities were promoted as a means of attracting additional lenders into the mortgage market by reducing the reliance on local financial institutions. They allowed for portfolios of mortgages to be bundled together, in order to distribute the risk more evenly among all of the mortgages, and sold to investors in the form of bonds or investment instruments on secondary bond markets. That created new conditions for global capital to be invested in housing finance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Massive investment of capital into housing markets and rising prices should not be confused with the production of housing and the benefits that accrue from it. The bulk of real estate transactions of that sort do not create needed housing or long-term secure employment. When rented homes or mortgages are owned by remote investors, money mostly flows out of communities and simply creates greater global concentration of wealth. The new corporate interest in developing rental properties from homes sold in foreclosures has also raised concerns that there is a greater incentive to pursue foreclosures rather than modify a loan agreement to avoid an unnecessary eviction. The proliferation of foreign and domestic investment in short-term rental properties, such as for Airbnb, in countries like Portugal, has contributed to escalating prices of housing and changes to the make-up of neighbourhoods, without creating affordable housing or other benefits for the local population.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The report builds on important work undertaken by the previous Special Rapporteur on the right to housing. In her 2012 report on the impact of finance policies on the right to housing of those living in poverty (A/67/286), she warned of emerging trends towards the financialization of housing encouraged by States' abandonment of social housing programmes and increased reliance on private market solutions. She documented attempts by States to rely on the private market and homeownership, which increases inequality and fails to address the housing needs of low-income and marginalized groups. More fundamentally, she called for a paradigm shift through which housing would once again be recognized as a fundamental human right rather than as a commodity. The present report takes up that challenge.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has suggested that the obligation to fulfil incorporates both an obligation to facilitate and an obligation to provide. In the context of the critical relationship between housing and financial markets, the articulation of a State's fulfilment obligation to not only provide housing when needed but also to facilitate the implementation of the right to housing is helpful in capturing the wide range of States' obligations to ensure that financial markets and the actions of private investors work towards the realization of the right to adequate housing.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- States have continued to focus on attracting capital and wealthy investors with reduced taxes and other benefits. Countries like Cyprus, Greece, Portugal and Spain, where harsh austerity measures have been implemented, have enacted policies to entice foreign investors into their domestic markets. One such measure, colloquially known as the "golden visa", allows foreign investors to receive permanent residence or even citizenship in exchange for a minimum amount of investment in property: €500,000 in Spain and Portugal, €300,000 in Cyprus and €250,000 in Greece. Australia has a similar programme for individual foreign investors who purchase $A 5 million in real estate through a real estate investment trust to qualify for an Australian significant investor visa. Programmes of that nature can contribute to housing affordability problems for local residents without providing any evidence of substantial benefits for the broader population.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- In the first case to be considered by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, I.D.G. v. Spain, the Committee considered States' obligations to ensure access to justice in the context of mortgage foreclosure. As a result of a domestic court's lack of diligence, the author of the communication had not received notification of mortgage enforcement proceedings and received no other communication prior to an auction order. In those circumstances, the Committee found that the author's right to access to justice to protect the right to housing had been violated. The Committee found that "such notice in respect of a foreclosure application needs to be adequate, in accordance with the standards of the Covenant applicable to the right to housing". The Committee clarified that Spain should ensure that no eviction takes place without due process guarantees, affirming that "the right to housing should be ensured to all persons irrespective of income or access to economic resources".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Housing and urban real estate have become the commodity of choice for corporate finance, a "safety deposit box" for the wealthy, a repository of capital and excess liquidity from emerging markets and a convenient place for shell companies to stash their money with very little transparency. In addition, corporate tax havens that generate massive amounts of profit immune from taxation, estimated at 30 per cent of global gross domestic product, are particularly attracted to housing and real estate. In most countries, residential investment provides many tax advantages, so that the housing system itself provides a tax haven for the rich (see A/67/286, pp. 11-12).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Despite the growing attention to the importance of business and human rights and despite the fact that housing represents the largest global business sector, very little attention has been paid to the obligations of business enterprises and financial corporations operating in the real estate and housing sector with respect to the right to adequate housing. The "Practical guide to ESG integration for equity investing", for example, makes no reference to human rights in relation to investments in housing and other real estate. The International Organization of Securities Commissions, whose members regulate more than 95 per cent of the world's capital markets, has not addressed the central role that human rights in general and the right to housing in particular should play in the regulation of capital markets.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has also initiated a series of regional consultations on the impunity enjoyed by those who attack defenders. All too often, the perpetrators of such attacks are not convicted. The distress of victims and families who seek justice and reparation meets with indifference and even hostility on the part of law enforcement and judicial officers. It is therefore important to have a sharper understanding of the situation and to better identify the factors behind impunity so that specific recommendations can be made to States and other actors involved.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Families
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- According to Global Witness campaigner Ben Leather: The mandate holder has rightly identified environmental defenders as one of the groups that are most at risk. For us, whose work is to support these defenders, the mandate holder has addressed a number of critical issues in his innovative report that has proved useful in many ways. First and foremost, the report strongly and unequivocally stresses the importance of human rights defenders in fighting for our planet and our rights in the face of powerful private interests. Secondly, the report identifies the various actors who are seeking to hinder, threaten and attack defenders and highlights the changes that must take place, particularly in relation to private businesses and investment banks. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, this report is far more than a mere document. It contains a straightforward analysis of the risk factors and clearly indicates how the numerous attacks against defenders can be stopped. It is by drawing inspiration from the strength of conviction, innovation and tenacity of defenders that the mandate can best support and protect them.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also believes that efforts and resources must be directed at ensuring that States respect the commitments that they have made. In recent decades, many standards of human rights protection have been adopted at the international level. The Special Rapporteur has observed that these standards, for the most part, are not implemented on the ground and that, when they are, they are too often applied haphazardly. In time, if these standards remain ineffective, we risk seeing entire populations lose hope and turn away from the struggle for human rights. As a matter of urgency, these standards must therefore become a reality on the ground.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- When the Special Rapporteur took up his functions in 2014, he knew that the expectations regarding his mandate were at least as great as the threats to the individuals who defend human rights and freedoms. He sought to open new doors and to push the limits of the mandate. Having benefited from a vast number of meetings and activities conducted over the past three years, he would like to continue and intensify these initiatives and give them time to bear fruit. The activities covered in this report therefore represent a work in progress. The Special Rapporteur is particularly keen to strengthen initiatives to improve the implementation of recommendations and resolutions on the protection of defenders. To that end, he would like to develop tools to measure their implementation and to focus on strengthening the capacities of national actors to act on recommendations and resolutions and make them a reality on the ground.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- To date, the present Special Rapporteur and the previous mandate holder together sent a total of 26 communications to Member States jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, addressing situations whereby minority rights defenders were targeted because of their work. Some of them suffered reprisals, arrest and detention, as well as expulsion, in connection with their human rights activities. The Special Rapporteur raises her deep concerns about cases of reprisals against minority rights defenders, and urges minority activists to inform her Office whenever any intimidation or reprisal occurs in connection with their work, so that appropriate action can be taken.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- While the Special Rapporteur fully respects the principle of self-identification, she considers that further efforts are necessary to fully convey the meaning, scope and implications of the term "minority" to minority groups themselves, so that the term can be reclaimed and used with the empowering intent it actually holds. She reiterates that the term "minority" does not imply any inferiority or diminished status in any way, but rather the recognition that the principles of equality and non-discrimination are not fulfilled for certain groups. Minority protection entitles persons belonging to minorities to specific rights, imposing concrete obligations on States to ensure the survival and continued development of the cultural, religious and social identity of the minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has been particularly alarmed by the limited, or often complete lack, of minority presence in political and public offices. She has repeatedly stressed throughout her tenure the need to ensure that minorities are included in all decision-making processes, including in municipal and government structures, law enforcement bodies, the judiciary, legislative bodies, criminal justice systems and all authorities, especially when their decisions affect minorities. Without their participation, such bodies are less able to make vital decisions in a way that benefits the entire society, and they will also be less trusted by minorities, who might be reluctant to access them, or discouraged from doing so.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur often came across gaps between the ambitious policies, legislation, action plans and programmes on minorities, on the one hand, and the lack of mechanisms in place to actually carry them out or monitor their implementation, on the other. She is concerned that during her tenure, several countries had difficulties in identifying the most relevant governmental departments in charge of minorities and even when they did so, their capacities in terms of staff, budget and authority often did not meet the necessary minimum standards to provide effective attention to and protection of minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur appreciated the work undertaken by her predecessor to highlight the situation of minorities in the context of the Millennium Development Goals, work that was highly important as the international community approached the 2015 deadline for achieving the Goals. She decided to dedicate a thematic report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/25/56) to ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post-2015 development agendas.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 88d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur encourages civil society to:] Help to develop national and regional defender networks and to strengthen existing networks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Gender discrimination and violence based on moral and religious constructs regarding the social or marital status of the mother have been a key driver of illegal adoptions in several countries. In Ireland, the so-called mother and baby homes, which were managed by Catholic organizations, and other maternity institutions, were established in the 1920s to deal with unmarried pregnant women and girls and operated until the 1990s. Conditions in those institutions were deplorable and cases of violence against the women were common (e.g. abuse of expectant mothers, forced labour, neglect and detention). Before the 1952 Adoption Act, most children born out of wedlock were placed in foster care, "boarded out" or informally adopted. After passage of the Act, children were put up for formal adoption. Consent was improperly induced or forcibly obtained and documents, including illegal birth registrations, were falsified on a large scale. Furthermore, there were cases of intercountry adoptions, in particular to the United States of America, which often resulted from the same illegal practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- A key development is the increasing adoption of "children with special needs". The terminology used in such cases covers a broad series of realities based on criteria such as the child's age, number of siblings, illnesses, disability status or traumas. Illicit practices in this context mostly concern cases of intercountry adoptions in which States prioritize the adoption of children because they do not have appropriate childcare policies. Moreover, there have been cases of false documentation being used to classify children as having "special needs" to render them adoptable abroad when such adoptions are prioritized or facilitated.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- As far as the due diligence of territorial States is concerned, the Special Rapporteur is of the view that the exercise of control by an organized armed group as de facto authority over the population of a State does not deprive the people living in this territory of their rights. States therefore have a due diligence obligation to protect individuals under their jurisdiction from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment on the part of non-State actors. Thus, even where armed groups have brought part of the national territory under their control, Governments are not absolved from doing everything feasible in the circumstances to protect their citizens from torture and ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In sum, the Special Rapporteur is of the view that international law must protect every human being from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, whoever the perpetrators may be. Throughout his tenure, the Special Rapporteur will therefore aim to contribute to closing the protection gap for victims of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment at the hands of non-State actors, including by advocating for the mutual reinforcement of human rights and international humanitarian law obligations. In carrying out his mandate, the Special Rapporteur is also willing to explore, to the extent appropriate and practicable, the benefits of engaging in a direct dialogue with non-State actors, including de facto authorities, other armed groups and private companies, to achieve a positive impact on the ground. The Special Rapporteur will also endeavour to further contribute to the ongoing discussions on holding non-State actors accountable for human rights violations, including for acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Of particular interest to the Special Rapporteur's mandate will be the use by many, if not all, Governments of detention as a migration management tool in arrival, transit and removal centres. During his fact-finding visits, the Special Rapporteur intends to visit places where irregular migrants are held with a view to ensuring that they are not subjected to treatment and conditions of detention amounting to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Special Rapporteur is of the view that monitoring both official and de facto places of detention where irregular migrants are held would be instrumental for assisting authorities in addressing possible cases of abuse and improving the conditions of life of this population.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- In interpreting the relevant legal provisions, the Special Rapporteur will be guided, among other sources, by State practice, international jurisprudence and two soft law instruments widely recognized to reflect generally recognized conditions and modalities governing the use of force by law enforcement officials: the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials and the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials. The Special Rapporteur intends to conduct his thematic work in this area based on consultations and expert meetings with relevant stakeholders and experts, and building on earlier analyses by other special procedure mandate holders who explored similar issues.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Throughout his tenure, the Special Rapporteur intends to continue some of the thematic work streams initiated by his predecessors, such as the envisaged protocol on non-coercive interviewing and other issues arising in the area of police custody and pretrial detention. Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur will also endeavour to widen the protection space for victims of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. To that end, he intends to take up a number of issues that have not yet received systematic attention from the international community, such as torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment occurring in relation to forced migration, in extra-custodial settings and at the hands of non-State actors.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Although the economic incentives to migrate are diverse and, for many, very strong, they are constantly evaluated and scrutinized by potential migrants. It is true that most migrants try to go to countries where there are jobs and where they can start integrating into society and creating a future for themselves and their families. It is equally true that prime destination countries have jobs available for migrants in the official or underground labour markets. Migrants respond to the demand for labour, and, under normal circumstances, when demand declines in a particular area, so does migration to it.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 43 (Goal 4.)
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur proposes the following goals:] Goal 4. End the use of detention as a border management and deterrence tool against migrants
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Migrants are drivers and enablers of development, contributing to economic growth wherever they go. Studies show that immigration has a minimal impact on unemployment among residents in host countries and a positive overall impact on employment generation and investment. Increasing evidence suggests that migrants contribute more in direct and indirect taxes than they consume in government benefits. In 2015, migrants sent approximately $601 billion in remittances, some $441 billion of which developing countries are estimated to have received, nearly three times the amount of official development assistance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Rather than addressing the reasons behind migration, States often respond to increased migration movements by creating and progressively increasing barriers to mobility, with a focus on securitization, repression and deterrence policies. Their central objective has been to secure their borders by building fences, using violence to stop undocumented population movements across land and sea borders, using long-term detention as a deterrence tool and carrying out collective expulsions to countries of origin and transit, all of which are too often conducted without sufficient assessment of individual protection needs and adequate oversight. Moreover, States have moved their border management activities beyond their territorial borders, extending them to the high seas and third countries.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- What are some of the root causes? While more empirical research is needed on the issue, behind the violence and discrimination there is an environment of negative elements: multiple factors, with longitudinal and intergenerational implications. From the health angle, the message from the following citation rings true: Violence against people from key populations has been shown to be a risk factor for HIV acquisition. Such violence is common. It can take various forms — physical, sexual or psychological. Violence is fuelled by the imbalance in the power dynamics of gender and by prejudice and discrimination against persons perceived to depart from conventional gender and sexuality norms and identities. Also, multiple structural factors influence vulnerability to violence, including discriminatory or harsh laws and policing practices and cultural and social norms that legitimate stigma and discrimination. Homophobic violence, too, is increasing in some countries, as more policies and laws have banned same-sex activity and made it a criminal offence. This is likely to increase HIV risk.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- UNDP has a large number of programmes worldwide on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex issues, and the outreach is both to the pillars of the State (the executive, legislative and judicial branches) and to pillars of the community, such as national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations and human rights defenders, including platforms for dialogue with local governments. Pursuant to the Sustainable Development Goals, UNDP is working on a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex inclusion index to help generate more data, which will also contribute to policy formulation and programming. Some of the activities are on strengthening HIV responses for men who have sex with men and transgender people, and access to health care, while others are more directly on the legal and social environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons and civil society in a number of countries.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The report allows the approach and methodology of the Independent Expert to be gauged. There are key reflections responding to the mandate, particularly regarding (a) the panorama of the situation, including the implementation of international instruments, with identification of good practices and gaps; (b) awareness of the violence and discrimination issue, and linkage with root causes; (c) dialogue, consultation and cooperation with States and other stakeholders; (d) the identification of multiple, intersecting and aggravated forms of violence and discrimination; and (e) support for international cooperation and related services to assist national efforts.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 66i
- Paragraph text
- The role of the United Nations, including the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly, is pivotal in order to raise the issue of violence and discrimination and to address it through comprehensive and holistic measures, with due regard for the recommendations of the Independent Expert as an impetus for follow-up action. United Nations human rights presences are important and need to be bolstered in countries and regions where there are major gaps in human rights protection; this is certainly also the case in regard to sexual orientation and gender identity. This should be complemented by the catalytic role of United Nations country teams and inter-agency cooperation to integrate sexual orientation and gender identity issues into programming and practices on the basis of no “protection deficit” and no “protection vacuum”.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Given the wide knowledge base required, due diligence processes should draw on external, non-governmental expertise, including local civil society, international human rights organizations, the human rights mechanisms of international and regional organizations, academia and the technical community. Multi-stakeholder fora also provide opportunities for shared learning and mutual accountability. For example, researchers have found that membership in sector- or industry-specific human rights initiatives, such as the Global Network Initiative and the Telecommunications Industry Dialogue, coincides with companies’ human rights performance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- A content delivery network (CDN) is a network of servers strategically distributed around the world to enable the efficient delivery of web pages and other Internet content. Large content producers rely on content delivery networks to reach as many users as quickly as possible. A content delivery network stores copies of content hosted on these platforms and redirects a user’s request for such content from the platform’s servers to the servers within its network that are located closest to the user. This process enhances the speed of content delivery, particularly to users located far away from the platform’s servers. Content delivery networks are regarded as an effective safeguard against website blocking; censorship measures targeting servers that host a particular website or platform do not affect the content delivery network’s delivery of copies of the same content to users. Content delivery networks have also become a critical bulwark against network disruptions. The demands of rapid access have incentivized them to invest significant resources in infrastructure and services that can withstand distributed denial-of-service and other malicious attacks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Under paid prioritization schemes, providers give preferential treatment to certain types of Internet traffic over others for payment or other commercial benefits. These schemes effectively create Internet fast lanes for content providers that can afford to pay extra and slow lanes for all others. This hierarchy of data undermines user choice. Users experience higher costs or lower quality of service when they attempt to access Internet content and applications in the slow lanes. At the same time, they may be compelled to engage with content that has been prioritized without their knowledge or input.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Even if local law limits full transparency, companies should nonetheless disclose all relevant and publishable information. For example, if companies are prohibited from disclosing the origin or basis of a shutdown request, they should nevertheless seek to provide regular updates about the services affected or restored, the steps they are taking to address the issue and explanations after the fact. Innovative transparency measures, such as the publication of aggregate data and the selective withholding of information, also mitigate the impact of gag orders and other non-disclosure laws. Companies should disclose all the local laws with which they comply and, where possible, challenge any law or regulation that prevents or hinders them from being transparent to users and the general public.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Companies may also enhance respect for human rights through collaborative action. Such collaboration includes joint outreach and advocacy with peer companies; engagement with regional or international bodies, including human rights mechanisms and economic institutions; and membership in industry associations and multi-stakeholder initiatives. Regular consultations with users, civil society and affected rights holders can also mobilize public support for company efforts to resist government overreach. Cross-sector collaboration strengthens the normative force of agreed upon human rights best practices and standards, intensifying pressure on both governments and peer companies to comply.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Transparency is a key feature of the digital access industry’s responsibility to respect. Information about government activities that require corporate assistance or involvement should be disclosed to the maximum extent allowed by law. Companies should be mindful that such information is primarily used by civil society to challenge human rights abuses in court, register grievances before domestic or international mechanisms on behalf of users or seek alternative means of accountability. Accordingly, such disclosures should be regular and ongoing, and in an accessible format that provides appropriate context.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- The Human Rights Council, in its resolution 32/13, condemned unequivocally measures to intentionally prevent or disrupt access to or dissemination of information online in violation of international human rights law, and called upon all States to refrain from and cease such measures. This condemnation, which is critical to the Council’s promotion of human rights online, should be supplemented and specified. Intentional prevention or disruption of access includes any action that shuts down or renders ineffective access to telecommunications networks, mobile services, social media platforms and so forth. Future work of the Council that clarifies the rules that apply to digital access, as outlined in this report, would advance the right to freedom of opinion and expression online.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The present report distinguishes between users of services and persons with disabilities, based on the barriers faced by the latter, considering in an inclusive manner that everyone is a rights holder.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Human rights engagement with governments, corporate partners and other stakeholders may prevent or mitigate human rights violations down the line. Companies that deal directly with governments should push for human rights safeguards in operating licences and sales contracts, such as assurances that network equipment will not be accessed or modified without the company’s knowledge (which can be for the purpose of facilitating human rights abuses). Timely intervention during litigation (such as amicus filings in cases brought by civil society groups or peer companies against censorship or surveillance laws) and human rights-oriented lobbying in legislative and policymaking processes may also advance legal protections for freedom of expression and privacy.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The Convention establishes that all mental health services designed for persons with disabilities are to be effectively monitored by independent authorities (art. 16.3). Human rights must be incorporated into the framework of reference for all monitoring and review procedures in the field of mental health. The Special Rapporteur encourages national human rights institutions to pay attention to the right to mental health in their monitoring and promotion activities. Persons with lived experience, their families and civil society should be engaged in the development and implementation of monitoring and accountability arrangements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, the Special Rapporteur points out that the primary responsibility for protecting populations of internally displaced persons within national State boundaries remains with the respective States. While on the one hand, a good number of these internally displaced persons may be able to cross borders, as pointed out above, a good number remain in the territory of their respective States. The Special Rapporteur is of the strong view that political will and resources must be ensured for protection of the human rights of internally displaced persons, whether or not they would potentially cross international borders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue essential work to promote the development and implementation of legal and policy frameworks that are key to addressing internal displacement at all levels. While her predecessors played a leadership role in developing key international, regional and national frameworks, including the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur will prioritize implementation and operationalization of these standards, in close collaboration with national governments, regional mechanisms and other relevant stakeholders. She will advocate for standards to be translated into domestic law and policy and will assist States and other organizations through direct engagement, recommendations, awareness-raising and mobilization of support. In line with this, the mandate holder will continue to co-chair, with UNHCR, the Global Protection Cluster’s task team on law and policy.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In line with her strategic priorities, the Special Rapporteur will dedicate her next thematic reports to the following thematic issues: (a) strengthening the participation of internally displaced persons in responses to internal displacement; (b) ensuring the inclusion of internally displaced persons in transitional justice mechanisms and peace processes as part of durable solutions; (c) improving the protection of internally displaced children; (d) enhancing the role of national human rights institutions and other relevant human rights actors in the protection of internally displaced persons; and (e) addressing neglected drivers of displacement, including development projects and generalized violence. In conducting her thematic work she will consult widely, in order to identify particular issues where her mandate can make the most effective contributions while avoiding duplication of the work of other institutions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Interaction with internally displaced persons commonly reveals: a lack of information provided to them at all phases of displacement; infrequent engagement by the authorities responsible; an absence of or inadequate mechanisms and processes for consultation and participation; and decision-making processes that fail to take their views, needs and objectives fully into account. Ensuring that internally displaced persons are included from the outset, in the design, planning and implementation of all actions and measures directed towards them, must be at the heart of responses by national governments and by all humanitarian, development and other relevant actors. Participation empowers internally displaced communities, informs them of their rights and is instrumental in the process of community resilience-building and recovery, where it is effective and results-oriented. Moreover, meaningful participation returns essential dignity to communities devastated by displacement, allowing them to be agents in their own recovery rather than only beneficiaries of assistance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- While relevant guidelines, including the 2007 basic principles and guidelines on development-based evictions and displacement, provide guidance in addressing the human rights implications of development-linked displacement, further understanding of these issues is required in order to ensure that those at risk of internal displacement and those who are displaced by development are protected in conformity with all relevant international laws and standards. The Special Rapporteur will devote a thematic report to this issue and will elaborate a set of recommendations, as well as promoting the implementation of positive practices and processes that should be applied to development projects.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is alarmed by the inadequate levels of funding available for the essential work of humanitarian and development partners and civil society, especially those on the ground. She applauds the international donor community for its essential funding of humanitarian and development responses globally. She urges donors to maintain and expand essential funding, while incorporating the provisions of the Grand Bargain on humanitarian financing, including flexibility of funding to facilitate new approaches to humanitarian crises, and new ways of working to provide greater attention to durable solutions to internal displacement. A shortfall of funding by some national governments to adequately address their internal displacement situations, as well as mismanagement of funds, poor governance and lack of accountability, have, in some cases, created overreliance on the international community, which is unsustainable in the long term.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Lack of information, of consultation and of meaningful participation, or tokenistic participation, means that recovery efforts are more likely to fail and may not meet the needs or expectations of the internally displaced communities affected. It can result in deeper and more persistent levels of poverty, as internally displaced persons face the challenges of re-establishing normal lives and appropriate livelihoods under conditions that they were not fully involved in shaping. The challenges to ensuring the meaningful participation of internally displaced persons are significant and must be acknowledged to have hampered efforts in some situations. Cultural, social, historical and political factors must all be taken into account when shaping participation programmes. The challenge remains to ensure that inclusive participation of internally displaced persons is systematically applied and effectively managed in all displacement situations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Other factors also require greater attention, including the role of discrimination on ethnic or religious grounds as a cause of displacement and a factor affecting the responses provided to some internally displaced persons. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur participated as an expert panellist in the ninth Forum on Minority Issues, the theme for which was minorities in situations of humanitarian crises, held in Geneva on 24 and 25 November 2016. She emphasized that ethnic or religious identity could be a factor increasing the vulnerability of some communities to displacement, and she contributed to a series of recommendations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will gather positive practices, guidelines and case studies, and will dedicate a section of her website to these issues in order to share relevant information from a wide range of sources. She will seek collaboration with relevant parts of the United Nations system, and with other international organizations and NGOs as well as national human rights institutions. On the basis of the information received, she will communicate to States issues of concern relating to displaced children and will seek a constructive dialogue with States that is aimed at finding rapid and effective solutions to situations of concern involving displaced children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- States must increase the harmonization and coordination of the collection and analysis of migration data sources in order to develop a systemic picture. They must provide for inclusive processes that allow for a robust public debate, including through national consultations, and that promote a better understanding of the needs of migrants in terms of human and labour rights protection. This will allow States to develop more targeted programmes and more suitable mobility options and to measure effective progress for migrants, especially those who are socially marginalized, economically excluded and politically invisible. Such processes and data collection will constitute an important contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers the global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration, which is to be presented for adoption in 2018, as the beginning of a long-term, 15-year agenda, complementary to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and aimed primarily at implementing targets 10.7 and 8.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals. The objective is to provide States with short-, medium- and long-term achievable goals and targets aimed at facilitating migration and mobility and protecting the human and labour rights of migrants, as requested in the 2030 Agenda.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Most of its proponents do not envision basic income directly replacing the third conception of the welfare state, namely the role of the government in the economy. As far as the second conception is concerned, many proponents appear to leave public education and social services mostly untouched. Even Murray would leave State-funded education and child protection services in place, although individuals would have to fund their own health insurance. But most basic income proposals appear to want to replace, in whole or in part, either the existing contributory social insurance schemes, or the non-contributory social assistance measures for the poorer groups in society, or both.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- It was noted that, while social audits had contributed positively to establishing a baseline understanding of human rights and labour conditions in the workplace, other forms of engagement, including training and capacity-building for compliance staff and the development and dissemination of targeted guidance on human trafficking, were equally important. Other types of assessments were also highlighted, including self-assessments carried out by suppliers to evaluate their own compliance with standards and assessments of labour supply chains to review conditions of recruitment and migration, where those conditions pose risks of, inter alia, debt bondage and forced labour for migrant workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The number of States with a regulatory framework for water and sanitation services is increasing and so is the contingent of regulatory actors. However, there is no universal regulatory model. Regulation should be adapted to local circumstances, needs and challenges. International human rights law does not prescribe a particular choice of regulatory framework. What is essential from a human rights perspective is that those carrying out regulatory functions be immune to pressures from any illegitimate interests and that the main objectives of regulation be aligned with the human rights to drinking water and sanitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Regardless of the regulatory model chosen, currently most water and sanitation regulatory frameworks typically incorporate aspects of economic regulation (asset management planning and tariff-setting), of quality of service regulation and of drinking water quality regulation. Some may also include aspects of environmental regulation, mainly water abstraction and wastewater discharges, of user interface regulation or of legal and contractual regulation. The fact that different forms of regulation have been adopted for specific purposes without explicit mention of the human rights to water and sanitation standards or principles does not necessarily mean that those forms of regulation do not take into consideration at least partially these standards and principles. In this context, it is essential to emphasize a distinction between fully incorporating the human rights to water and sanitation into regulatory frameworks and choosing some selected aspects of it to comply with. For States to fulfil their human rights obligations, the whole human rights to water and sanitation framework must be reflected in States’ regulatory norms and activities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- In some countries, regulatory frameworks include the model of self-regulation, whereby public service providers regulate their own activities, set tariffs and quality standards and monitor their own performance. Many countries with public service providers have not seen the necessity of creating a separate regulatory function for the water sector. In El Salvador, the National Water Mains and Sewers Administration, the main service provider in urban areas, sets its own quality of service standards, while the Ministry of Health monitors the quality of drinking water and the Ministry of Economics approves changes to water rates (see A/HRC/33/49/Add.1, para. 25). In Tajikistan, the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources has the overall responsibility for guaranteeing the national drinking water supply and coordinating relevant actors in the water sector (see A/HRC/33/49/Add.2, para. 10). It is also responsible for the adoption and implementation of State programmes for the development of drinking water supply systems, the establishment and regulation of water tariffs and the provision of public information.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- When the terms “regulatory framework” or “regulation” (in general) are used in the report, they refer to secondary legislation such as norms, rules or standards establishing how services should be provided in a given context and the institutions responsible for monitoring compliance with these norms and standards. The terms “regulatory body”, “regulatory authority” or “regulator” refer to a separate body to which the State delegates regulatory functions. These bodies are often responsible for setting standards and applying and enforcing them. The term “regulatory actors” is used in a broad sense, and includes government institutions that exercise regulatory functions (i.e. a department within a ministry) and separate bodies created by the State to carry out regulatory functions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Regulatory standards should prioritize access to both water and sanitation facilities in public places in sufficient numbers; in institutional facilities, including hospitals, schools, public transport hubs, prisons, and places of detention, at the workplace and in rented housing, taking into consideration the special needs of, inter alia, women and girls; and in relation to those without a permanent dwelling, including homeless people and nomadic communities. Regulation should separate access to water and sanitation services from land tenure, often an obstacle to accessing these services in informal settlements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Diverse means of raising grievances and having them addressed were also debated, including examples of worker hotlines and innovations in the use of smartphone technology. However, it was noted that such efforts alone, not unlike social audits, cannot solve the complex problem of human trafficking, and must be reinforced through other means of awareness-raising, capacity-building, problem identification and access to remedy. Questions were raised about the role played by local authorities in the referral and follow-up of grievances, and about how best to coordinate with such authorities, when necessary. Good practices related to the rehabilitation of trafficking victims and their reintegration into communities and labour markets was also mentioned as a topic in need of urgent attention from all relevant stakeholders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- National standards must ensure that the water used for each personal and domestic use is safe for human health as regards the presence of microorganisms, chemical substances and radiological hazards. The WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality provide guidance for setting national regulations and standards for water safety in support of public health. The Guidelines describe reasonable minimum safe-practice requirements to protect health and provide numerical “guideline values” for constituents of water or indicators of water quality. When defining mandatory limits, the Guidelines are an authoritative source and must be taken into consideration in the context of local or national environmental, social, economic and cultural conditions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- A regulatory framework should contain positive measures or affirmative action that ensure the progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation for all, in a non-discriminatory manner, while eliminating inequalities in access, including for individuals belonging to groups at risk and groups that are marginalized on the grounds of race, gender, age, disability, ethnicity, culture, religion, national or social origin or any other grounds. Such measures should target specific challenges, including: (a) prioritization of the extension of coverage of water and sanitation services to rural and deprived urban areas, while taking into account the specific needs of women and children; (b) the denial of the rights to water and sanitation to people living in informal settlements, on the grounds of their housing or land status; and (c) the lack of affordability of services for the poorest.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 27/7 of 2014 and 33/10 of 2016, the Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation, Léo Heller, was mandated to work on identifying challenges and obstacles to the full realization of those rights, as well as protection gaps, good practices and enabling factors. The subject of the present report is the regulation of water and sanitation services in the context of realization of human rights and the report aims to discuss the essential role that regulatory frameworks can play in the implementation of these human rights at the national level. In this respect, it outlines the legal obligations and responsibilities of States, regulatory actors and service providers in progressively realizing the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation through regulatory frameworks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Speaking to the criticism that voluntary initiatives have received on their lack of impact in terms of transforming current business models, representatives of multi-stakeholder initiatives shared promising examples of efforts carried out by some initiatives in sector transformation that illustrate the positive impact that voluntary standards can have in enhancing higher standards in national-level policies and legislation. As voluntary standards alone are not sufficient to achieve sector transformation into a new sustainable business model, innovative approaches seek to combine the efforts of the public sector and those of voluntary initiatives. Collaboration across stakeholder groups, from businesses to civil society and regulators, was acknowledged as a precondition for such transformation, as were partnerships with governments, international organizations and the broader United Nations system.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its nineteenth and twentieth sessions 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group concludes that growing income, wealth and other forms of inequality are threats to social stability. Without change, growing inequalities and segregation disrupt our societies, and people of African descent are the first victims. The eradication of structural racism is key for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals. This is further underlined in the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, which emphasize that poverty, underdevelopment, marginalization, social exclusion and economic disparities are closely associated with racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and contribute to the persistence of racist attitudes and practices, which in turn generate more poverty.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its nineteenth and twentieth sessions 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- States should make a genuine commitment to the standard of leaving no one behind by collecting disaggregated data. To monitor the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, it will be important to improve the availability of, and access to, data and statistics disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts to support the monitoring of the implementation of the Goals. The goal indicators should include the use of data from the existing mechanisms for monitoring compliance with human rights standards, especially the universal periodic review mechanism of the Human Rights Council and reviews of compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Access to information and transparency are essential in order for participation to be meaningful. Regulatory actors must enable a culture of transparency by providing access to information that is objective, comprehensible, clear and consistent and is made available to everybody in different formats and in the appropriate language. The Special Rapporteur has observed that in El Salvador, decisions on water rationing measures are not systematically publicized and there seems to be no standard rule for informing users about such measures (see A/HRC/33/49/Add.1, para. 32). Similarly, the results of quality tests on water for human consumption are neither made public nor sent to users. Regulation of the ways in which information should be shared is therefore essential.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its nineteenth and twentieth sessions 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The stark reality is that people of African descent continue to suffer from many multiple, aggravated and intersecting forms of discrimination. As a result, educational outcomes for people of African descent are a function of their unequal access to key educational resources, including skilled teachers and quality curriculums. There is copious evidence that in some States, students of African descent routinely receive dramatically different learning opportunities based on their social status. This poses a fundamental challenge to Goal 4, which aims at ensuring an inclusive and equitable quality education for all. Intimately connected to the right to education is the right to work. With poor educational outcomes at all levels in addition to racial discrimination, people of African descent are unable to secure decent work.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its nineteenth and twentieth sessions 2017, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that people of African descent have access to quality education which enables them to compete on an equal footing with others in the labour market. States must acknowledge the persistence of structural racism and multiple forms of discrimination within the education system and must therefore put in place appropriate legislation and affirmative action policies to tackle the problem. School curriculums for all should take into consideration an accurate account of the history of the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans, enslavement and colonialism.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The question of how to identify good practices in ending discrimination against women is particularly poignant at this historical juncture, where a profound backlash against hard-won progress is occurring in all spheres. The continuing rise of fundamentalisms of all kinds and openly misogynistic, racist, xenophobic and populist voices, including Governments, is of grave concern to the Working Group. Efforts to re-entrench patriarchal understandings of sex, gender and family into the law point to important questions about sustaining progress and ensuring that good practices continue to be possible in fraught contexts. Ongoing attacks on autonomous women’s movements, civil society organizations, independent academia, public interest lawyers and women’s human rights defenders by State and non-State actors alike underscore the importance of not only protecting and supporting the crucial role of women human rights defenders, but also identifying those good practices which uphold human rights gains.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- As the law had been enacted quickly and without supportive measures, many challenges arose. This included the placing of women as proxy candidates for male politicians; patriarchal and ethnic divisions that led to active exclusion of elected women representatives; a lack of appropriate support and skills development to address widespread illiteracy among rural women; a democratic deficit due to the history of exclusion from public life; women’s lack of self-perception as leaders; and a backlash in the form of harassment, social exclusion and gender-based violence. It was also found that many elected women representatives were unlikely to contest elections more than once.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- Changing the law to meet the State obligation to respect and protect women’s human rights are key steps, but investigations show that fulfilling rights remains the most challenging facet of this triad. The fulfilment of women’s human rights requires substantive shifts in deeply entrenched social and cultural norms that reinforce gender stereotypes and perpetuate women’s subordination. As the Working Group has emphasized, the State must act as an agent of change as regards to women’s place in cultural and family life. The fulfilment of progressive legal frameworks requires strong political will, supported by appropriate resources, and attendant measures focused on attitudinal and behavioural change that cultivate an environment in which good practices can thrive. Change must be transferred from the normative level into all sectors of society so that duty and rights holders alike are able to internalize the shifts required to support human rights implementation.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- The incorporation of the human rights to water and sanitation into national legal frameworks can be done at different levels and using different instruments, including the constitution, legislation, policies and regulations. States have an immediate and legally binding obligation to take deliberate, concrete and targeted steps to the maximum of their available resources to achieve progressively the full realization of these human rights (see art. 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). This includes the obligation to adopt legislative measures, as explicitly stipulated in the Covenant, and the obligation to take steps to establish regulatory frameworks informed by the standards and principles that underpin those rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Health is defined by the World Health Organization as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”. Women’s rights to equality and to the highest attainable standards of health, including those related to reproductive and sexual health, and the interconnected right to a life free of violence are enshrined in international and regional human rights instruments and reaffirmed in international consensus agreements, yet remain among the most contested and violated women’s human rights standards. Gender-based violence and the instrumentalization and politicization of women’s bodies and women’s health agenda continue to undermine the fulfilment of women’s human rights throughout the world. These violations, fed by patriarchal ideologies and stereotypes that reduce women to means of reproduction or sexual objects, undermine women’s autonomy and self-determination, affecting the fulfilment of their human rights.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Other medical procedures or interventions that are often performed without the free and informed consent of girls and young women with disabilities include forced contraception and forced abortion. Contraception is often used to control menstruation at the request of health professionals or parents. Moreover, while the contraceptive needs of girls and young women with disabilities are the same as those without disabilities, they receive contraception more often by way of injection or through intrauterine devices rather than orally, as it is less burdensome for families and service providers. In addition, girls and young women with disabilities are frequently pressured to end their pregnancies owing to negative stereotypes about their parenting skills and eugenics-based concerns about giving birth to a child with disabilities. During official country visits, the Special Rapporteur has received information about compulsory regular gynaecological checks and the use of forced abortion in institutions as a way to contain the institution’s population.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- In her thematic reports, the Special Rapporteur has underscored the importance of ensuring a gender perspective in all interventions related to persons with disabilities, stressing the significant additional barriers that women and girls with disabilities encounter that can prevent them from the full enjoyment of their rights. As international and national efforts on the rights of persons with disabilities have too often failed to take into account a gender perspective, it is urgent that the multifaceted discrimination, marginalization and compounded human rights violations that women and girls with disabilities face in most societies be addressed (see A/HRC/28/58, para. 19 (d)).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Sexual and reproductive health and rights entail a set of freedoms and entitlements. They encompass the right to have control over decisions concerning sexuality and reproduction without discrimination, coercion and violence, and the right to access a range of sexual and reproductive health facilities, services, goods and information. Sexual and reproductive health services include, inter alia, contraceptive counselling, information, education, communication and services; education and services for prenatal care, safe delivery and postnatal care; the prevention and appropriate treatment of infertility; safe abortion services; the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections; and sexual and reproductive health information, education and counselling (see A/CONF.171/13/Rev.1, chap. VII).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities represented a major milestone towards the full and effective enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights by girls and young women with disabilities. Embracing the basic principles of human rights, the Convention moves away from medical and paternalistic approaches towards a human rights-based approach to the sexual and reproductive health and rights of persons with disabilities. The Convention challenges all forms of substituted decision-making in the exercise of sexual and reproductive health and rights (see arts. 12 and 25); prohibits harmful and discriminatory practices against persons with disabilities in all matters related to marriage, family, parenthood and relationships, including the right to retain their fertility and to decide on the number and spacing of their children (see art. 23); calls to end all forms of exploitation, violence and abuse, including their gender-based aspects (see art. 16); and promotes access to quality sexual and affordable reproductive health care and programmes (see art. 25).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Dominant patriarchal assumptions of a woman’s role as primarily that of a wife and mother also hinder girls and young women with disabilities from living healthy sexual and reproductive lives. Because girls and young women with disabilities are perceived to be less likely to become, or be capable of becoming, spouses, mothers or caregivers, families often pay less attention to them than to other family members, thereby deepening gender inequalities. Likewise, the prevalent societal idea of beauty affects many girls and young women with disabilities, who see themselves as unattractive and unworthy. The prevalence of such models and views can have a deeply rooted impact on girls and young women with disabilities, as they may perceive themselves as incapable of fulfilling those models and views, creating a hard-to-break cycle of low expectations and relegation by their families and society. Some young women with disabilities report that stigma about disability makes them willing to accept a partner who might mistreat them.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among youth with disabilities, including girls and young women with disabilities, is of concern. Evidence shows that children and youth with disabilities have a similar or increased risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections compared with other youth, while girls with disabilities experience higher rates than boys with disabilities. However, youth with disabilities, including girls, are less likely to receive information about the prevention of HIV/AIDS or to be given condoms or other methods to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Evidence suggests, for example, that HIV testing is lower among youth with disabilities (men and women) than among the general population. Generally, girls and young women with disabilities are not the target of prevention campaigns on sexually transmitted infections and cancers. The issue is particularly serious for those who are deaf or deaf-blind, who are traditionally excluded from all mainstream information.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Evidence on sexual and gender-based violence against girls and young women with disabilities is robust. Studies from across the globe show that they are at increased risk of violence, abuse and exploitation compared with those without disabilities, and with boys and young men with disabilities. Overall, children with disabilities are almost four times more likely to experience violence than children without disabilities. However, the risk is consistently higher in the case of deaf, blind and autistic girls, girls with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities and girls with multiple impairments. Belonging to a racial, religious or sexual minority, or being poor, also increases the risk factor for sexual abuse for girls and young women with disabilities. Humanitarian crises and conflict and post-conflict settings generate additional risks of sexual violence and trafficking that affect girls with disabilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Sexual and reproductive health care must be provided for free or at an affordable cost to all girls and young women with disabilities, including access to products and medicines. Universal health coverage can increase their access to quality sexual and reproductive health care. Social protection systems also help to address the additional costs that girls and young women with disabilities face when accessing sexual and reproductive health care, and to facilitate support services for those who might need it (see A/70/297, paras. 4-9, and A/HRC/34/58, para. 68). States must also ensure that girls and young women with disabilities benefit from the same range and quality of sexual and reproductive health services and programmes as other women and girls.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Girls and young women with disabilities have the same sexual and reproductive health and rights as other girls and young women. However they encounter significant obstacles in exercising and accessing those rights, including stigma and stereotypes, restrictive legislation and a lack of child- and disability-appropriate information and services. Moreover, poverty and/or social exclusion deprive them of the necessary knowledge to develop healthy relationships and increase the risk of sexual abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancies and harmful practices. Grave human rights violations such as forced sterilization, forced abortion and forced contraception are frequent, and the violence experienced by girls and young women with disabilities remains largely invisible.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In their submissions to the Independent Expert, civil society organizations have also highlighted important advances and remaining challenges. A non-governmental organization submitting information on China noted that the old “hooligan crime”, which had had an impact on same-sex relations between men, had now been reformed, while gender identities were not criminalized in the country. There remained issues of implementation, for example, in the employment sector, particularly in relation to transgender persons.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Men
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- When the people and civil society benefit, States, international organizations and international society as a whole benefit, too.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 26b
- Paragraph text
- [In the Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 1986 in its resolution 41/128, the Assembly called for every member of society to be empowered to participate fully and freely in vital decisions. The Declaration and its principles formed the basis for the conceptualization of a human rights-based approach to development. In the statement of common understanding on human rights-based approaches to development cooperation and programming, adopted by the United Nations in 2003, that approach was outlined as follows:] Human rights standards contained in, and principles derived from, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments guide all development cooperation and programming in all sectors and in all phases of the programming process;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- In his first report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/20/27), highlighting best practices in promoting the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, he clarified that the right to freedom of peaceful assembly covered not only the right to hold and to participate in peaceful assemblies, but also the right to be protected from undue interference, and that it further protected those monitoring peaceful assemblies. As to the right to freedom of association, that ranged from the creation to the termination of an association and included the right to form and join an association, to operate freely and to be protected from undue interference, to access funding and resources and to take part in the conduct of public affairs. He further highlighted best practices worldwide that promoted and protected the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, covering issues such as the definition of “peaceful assembly” and “association”, the presumption in favour of allowing peaceful assemblies, the concept of notification versus authorization of peaceful assemblies, the right to be protected from undue interference during assemblies, building the human rights capacity of law enforcement, the rights of monitors and journalists in the context of peaceful assemblies, the right to form and join an association, including unregistered associations, the right to operate an association freely and be protected from undue interference, the right for associations to access funding and resources, the right to take part in public affairs, the termination, suspension and dissolution of associations and the right to an adequate remedy.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- In his fifth report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/32/36), the previous mandate holder addressed the phenomenon of fundamentalism and its impact on the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. While he stressed that the mere voluntary adherence to a fundamentalist belief system was not a human rights violation in and of itself, he recalled that, when holders of such beliefs sought to impose them in a way that controlled or restricted the rights of others who might have different views or backgrounds, they threatened the values of pluralism and broadmindedness that were core to democracy. The tipping point, for the purposes of the report, was when fundamentalist views formed the basis for violations of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. He also examined the positive role that those rights could play in preventing the spread of extremism and radicalization.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 46c
- Paragraph text
- [The first thematic report to the Human Rights Council, in 2018, will be focused on the use of force, including less lethal weapons, and the management of assemblies, building upon the joint report on the proper management of assemblies presented in 2016 (see paras. 22 and 41 above), pursuant to Council resolution 25/38. In addition to following up on the compilation of practical recommendations for the proper management of assemblies provided in the joint report, the Special Rapporteur will tackle current and emerging issues, including:] United Nations peacekeepers and the managing of assemblies. The distinction between civilian police, military police and policing in the context of peacekeeping missions may also require review to determine whether the legal framework for each of those situations is different;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 25b
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert underlines the key role of civil society and human rights defenders and the need for more effective action to counter threats and reprisals against them. Of note is a submission to the Human Rights Council by a number of non-governmental organizations earlier this year, in which they called upon States, inter alia:] To ensure the protection of human rights defenders working on issues of sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics, against any violence, threat, retaliation, de facto or de jure discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action perpetrated by the State or non-State actors, in response to their human rights activities;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The gaps are, however, omnipresent, despite a global trend towards decriminalization of consensual same-sex relationships. More than 70 countries still criminalize same-sex relations, with particular impact on gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men. Of those, at least 40 countries criminalize same-sex relations between lesbian and bisexual women and other women who have sex with women. The death penalty may be applied in a number of countries in the African and Asian regions. More particularly, the death penalty is imposed throughout the territory of four countries and in certain provinces of two others, and in two States the death penalty is carried out by non-State actors. In five other States the death penalty could technically be imposed but it is not invoked.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- On another front, there may also be a need for some criminal laws to tackle violence and discrimination, for example in regard to hate crimes and incitement to hatred, and they should reflect international standards. The situation varies from countries that criminalize same-sex relations to those that do not. There is a need for protection against incitement to hatred in all countries, including in those where same-sex relations are not criminalized. The Independent Expert hopes to explore the broader interface between criminal law, related laws and sexual orientation and gender identity in a future report.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 25c
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert underlines the key role of civil society and human rights defenders and the need for more effective action to counter threats and reprisals against them. Of note is a submission to the Human Rights Council by a number of non-governmental organizations earlier this year, in which they called upon States, inter alia:] To remove barriers to the full recognition, registration and/or accreditation of organizations that promote and protect the human rights of persons of diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics at the national, regional and international levels;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53e
- Paragraph text
- The National Human Rights Commission of Mexico indicated that hate crimes related to sexual orientation and gender identity are considered aggravating circumstances which can give rise to more severe penalties. Issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity might also be covered by its law on violence against women. The country also has various protocols to help guide the authorities on how to deal with sexual orientation and gender identity situations in an empathetic manner, such as the protocol for judicial operators, including judges and prosecutors, issued by the Supreme Court on this topic;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In regard to the second underpinning, anti-discrimination laws and policies can appear in various forms: sometimes general, sometimes specific. Even with a law, there is a need to ensure effective practical implementation, which is correlated with the need for a holistic approach, interlinking laws and policies with responsive programming, case enforcement in the courts (coupled with strategic advocacy and litigation), effective and accessible mechanisms for human rights protection, resource allocation, information and data generation, education and capacity-building, accountability and redress, and space for networking, mobilization and participation for reform.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to information in international organizations 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- There is evidently no formal process according to which a member of the public, let alone a special rapporteur, may seek such information from the United Nations. As a result, even if an intergovernmental organization has a good case for non-disclosure in a particular situation, that argument is not tested (see ST/SGB/2007/6). To address this point one must ask how are institutional decisions and analyses, and decision makers, to be put to the test when such information is so difficult to obtain? Instead of a formal process that would enable the submission of requests for information, public knowledge of the policies and actions of the United Nations and of other intergovernmental organizations is limited to only what those bodies choose to publish, while external evaluation typically depends on the efforts of journalists or researchers who develop access within such organizations. Within the United Nations, and most intergovernmental organizations, there appears to be no obligation on the part of any official source to provide reasons for refusing to disclose information.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to information in international organizations 2017, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The right to information under international law has its roots in article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. As formulated in the International Covenant, everyone enjoys the “freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice”. The Human Rights Committee has provided a clear enunciation of what the right involves, emphasizing that article 19 “embraces a right of access to information held by public bodies”. “Such information”, the Committee noted, “includes records held by a public body, regardless of the form in which the information is stored, its source and the date of production” (CCPR/C/GC/34, para. 18). Moreover, the Committee emphasized that the right does not merely depend on public authorities’ reaction to requests for information: “To give effect to the right of access to information, States parties should proactively put in the public domain Government information of public interest. States parties should make every effort to ensure easy, prompt, effective and practical access to such information. States parties should also enact the necessary procedures, whereby one may gain access to information, such as by means of freedom of information legislation. The procedures should provide for the timely processing of requests for information according to clear rules that are compatible with the Covenant. Fees for requests for information should not be such as to constitute an unreasonable impediment to access to information. Authorities should provide reasons for any refusal to provide access to information. Arrangements should be put in place for appeals from refusals to provide access to information as well as in cases of failure to respond to requests (CCPR/C/GC/34, para. 19).”
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is aware of her responsibility as a mandate holder vis-à-vis the Human Rights Council in determining whether and how the Council should respond to a situation of concern in accordance with objective and human rights-based criteria such as those elaborated in joint statements delivered at the Council, for example, those made by Ireland at its thirty-second session, by Maldives at its twentieth session and, most recently, by the Netherlands at its thirty-fifth. That responsibility is one that she takes very seriously when she recommends that the Council consider action to prevent, respond to or address violations and to assist in the de-escalation of a situation of concern.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to information in international organizations 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- There is no principled reason why intergovernmental organizations should adopt access-to-information policies that vary from those adopted by States. While notions of “national security” and “public order” may not generally apply to intergovernmental organization for purposes of restrictions on access to information, each institution needs to identify how the restrictions applicable under human rights law apply in their particular context. Some argue that, because of their nature, intergovernmental organizations need to withhold information generated or provided by Member States. But that would overreach, providing a potentially major loophole that could interfere with the development of policies that advance the public’s right to know.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- In many countries health is among the most corrupt sectors. Health sector corruption, including for example the bribing of health officials and unofficial payments to health-care providers, obstructs the ability of States to fulfil their right to health obligation and to guarantee available, accessible, acceptable and good quality health services, goods and facilities. Yet corruption affecting health also occurs in other sectors and industries, for example, the water sector, and the food and beverages, tobacco and other industries. Moreover, corruption has significant implications for equality and non-discrimination since it has a particularly marked impact on the health of populations in situations of vulnerability and social exclusion, in particular those living in poverty and children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The lesser form of corruption, namely, petty corruption, is quite common in the health sector and includes informal payments from patient to health-care provider, absenteeism of health personnel and preferential treatment. These forms of corruption are also sometimes called “survival corruption”, as they are exacerbated by a lack of resources in health-care settings, poor working conditions, low pay, and hierarchical structures, which drive people to engage in such acts. There is evidence that this “microform” of corruption has a particularly negative effect on the poor in society, as they are often unable to pay the bribes necessary for a certain service.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Another thematic priority is the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful association and of association online.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Corruption also infringes medical ethics, which are an essential component of acceptable health care. Lastly, in terms of quality, corruption can affect the quality of medicines, for example, when regulators are bribed to carry out less rigorous checks, or when hospital administrators purchase medicines of unknown quality. Quality can also be compromised where bribes are extorted or accepted in decisions on hiring staff, or accrediting, licensing or certifying facilities, in deciding which medicines to include on essential medicines lists, or to market unregulated medicines, which can increase mortality and morbidity among those affected, as well as hampering disease control efforts. Nepotism, cronyism and other forms of favouritism can also compromise the quality of health and health-related services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In terms of affordability, health-care providers can make health-care services more expensive by demanding payments (informal or under-the-table payments), which can put treatment out of reach and be a matter of life or death, contribute to morbidity or impoverish patients and their families. The payment of bribes by patients for privileged care is common in many countries and results in discriminatory access to care, with wealthier patients likely to access care more easily than those that are too poor to pay bribes. As a result of bribery in procurement processes, medicines may be more expensive.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Key elements of meaningful participation with the aim of preventing and controlling corruption are the active disclosure of important health-related information and the participation of relevant stakeholders in health decision-making, including in health sector plans, in the annual budget process and in review processes for health laws, policies and programmes. In the context of budgets, participation involves the engagement of a variety of stakeholders in determining the allocation of funding, as well as monitoring expenditure. Methods for realizing participation include forums and conferences, local health committees and teams, citizens’ juries, public meetings, but also institutional participation, for example in hospital boards. Key stakeholders include, but are not limited to, national health assemblies, community-based and grass-roots organizations, professional associations and other non-governmental bodies and civil society organizations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Accountability comprises three elements: monitoring (“what is happening, where and to whom (results) and how much is spent, where, on what and whom (resources)”), review (“analysing whether pledges, promises and commitments have been kept by countries, donors and non-state actors”) and remedies and action. The rule of law, transparency and access to information, including on decision-making processes, budgets and financial transfers in both the public and private sectors, provide vital conditions which help to strengthen accountability.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The medical profession has a responsibility to abstain from unethical and unprofessional behaviour under its professional codes, which often emphasize a commitment to integrity and non-corrupt behaviour. Among other acts, the medical profession is to refrain from favouritism and other forms of preferential treatment for well-connected individuals; accepting bribes; using hospital equipment for private business; and referring public hospital patients to their private practices. They should remain independent from outside organizations that have vested interests in their clinical activities. They should avoid conflicts of interest that compromise their decisions regarding the care of patients.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Thus, the framework of institutional corruption highlights both the harm done and what is lost, namely, harm to patients; loss of public trust and confidence in the integrity of academic medicine; and distortion of the scientific evidence base. It exposes the economies of influence that contribute to those harms and losses and it is a call for action to neutralize those influences. Below, the Special Rapporteur reviews three main areas in the mental health field using this framework, namely, the process of development and promotion of diagnostic categories for mental health conditions, psychotropic drug research and clinical practice guidelines.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Where there is opacity surrounding decisions at the political, macro or micro levels, corruption can flourish, go undetected and occur with impunity. Transparency unveils corruption and is inextricably linked to the right to access information, participation and accountability. Access to information and transparency laws provide a framework for addressing corrupt practices, while the regulations and monitoring arrangements are also vital. Transparency can often be enhanced by the participation of rights holders and civil society organizations in decision-making processes that may be prone to corrupt practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- An important element for operationalizing the recognition of the human rights of indigenous peoples is the adoption of adequate public policies. Both before and after the adoption of the Declaration, public policies addressing indigenous peoples were adopted in several countries. The mandate holder has had the opportunity to receive information on these issues during the country visits, has identified best practices and has made country-specific recommendations. The respective Special Rapporteurs have expressed their concerns over the lack of access by indigenous peoples to appropriate basic public services as well as the distressing disparities between the overall social and economic condition of indigenous peoples and that of the non-indigenous population in both developing and developed countries.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The incorporation of the human rights-based approach to disability into the understanding of the right to adequate housing is a work in progress. In the formative years of international human rights development, persons with disabilities were often invisible and their right to adequate housing often neglected. Disability was not listed as a ground of discrimination in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights or the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Disability began to receive more attention during the International Year of Disabled Persons in 1981 and the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992), but a normative framework was not developed until 1993, when the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities were adopted by the General Assembly.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Stigmatizing notions of disability as an abnormality, inferiority or medical condition associated with disease manifest acutely in the housing experiences of persons with disabilities. People with disabilities are often forced to remain in their homes because of stigma and fear of violence. Proposed housing for persons with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities is frequently subject to neighbourhood opposition, and residents are frequently shunned or ostracized by neighbours. Children with disabilities are frequently hidden away and denied access to extended family, neighbours and other children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Homelessness for persons with disabilities is also linked to the breakdown of family relationships. A study in Montreal, Canada, of homeless persons with intellectual disabilities found that almost all individuals who lived on the street or in shelters had had no contact with their families since becoming homeless. On mission in Chile, the Special Rapporteur visited a homeless shelter run by the Salvation Army in Valparaiso where many of the residents were persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities who had been shunned or abandoned by their families.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Familles
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Mass displacement caused by situations of risk, including armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, has catastrophic effects on persons with disabilities. In a survey by the United Nations, it was found that only 20 per cent of persons with disabilities could evacuate their living spaces immediately without difficulty in the event of an emergency and that a disproportionate number would be injured or die in the event of a disaster because their needs would not met by organized efforts. Persons with disabilities who are refugees, affected by disasters or living in conflict and post-conflict situations are especially vulnerable to mass, often repeated displacement, resource shortages, limited or non-existent services and access to rehabilitation or reconstruction and a wide array of security concerns.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Humanitaire
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes en situation de déplacement
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- In Purohit and Moore v. the Gambia, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights considered a case of forcible institutionalization without due process in the Gambia. The Commission not only found that the legislation itself violated provisions of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, but also took note of the obligation to progressively realize the right to health by addressing violations of socioeconomic rights. The Commission stated that, throughout Africa, poverty rendered persons “incapable to provide the necessary amenities, infrastructure and resources that facilitate the full enjoyment of [the right to health]” and read into the right to health the obligation of States parties to the African Charter “to take concrete and targeted steps, while taking full advantage of its available resources, to ensure that the right to health is fully realized in all its aspects without discrimination of any kind”.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Santé
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Information provided by States to the Special Rapporteur for the present report indicates that progress is being made. Mexico reports that its Federal Law for the Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities of 2011 and its regulation of 2012 explicitly provide for the right to dignified housing (art. 18). The legislation also establishes the right to universal accessibility and housing (art. 16) and is complemented by initiatives and programmes that provide subsidies and lines of credit to make physical alterations to houses to enhance living conditions for persons with disabilities.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Droits sociaux et culturels
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Few marginalized groups suffer such egregious violations of the right to housing as do persons with disabilities. Across the world, they are commonly homeless, institutionalized and subjected to cruel and inhuman treatment for no reason other than their disability. They endure isolation, stigmatization and discrimination in all aspects of housing, whether access, design or policy development and implementation. Their very lives are imperilled by housing and communities that are based on exclusion and uniformity rather than inclusion and diversity. Yet it is on the basis of those experiences and the claims to equal dignity and rights advanced by those affected that the disability human rights paradigm has emerged. This paradigm has the potential to breathe new life into the right to adequate housing because it underscores and amplifies the essence of that right, namely, having a place to live in dignity, it allows persons with disabilities to participate in their communities and it recognizes diversity as a strength that makes households and communities thrive.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Droits sociaux et culturels
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Human rights treaty bodies have specifically addressed the need for special measures when referring to indigenous peoples within the context of monitoring compliance with their respective human rights treaties. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has noted that “the situation of indigenous peoples has always been a matter of close attention and concern. In this respect, the Committee has consistently affirmed that discrimination against indigenous peoples falls under the scope of the Convention and that all appropriate means must be taken to combat and eliminate such discrimination.” It has furthermore noted that “States parties should ensure that special measures are designed and implemented on the basis of prior consultation with affected communities and the active participation of such communities”.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les droits des peuples autochtones
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Minorités ethniques
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The effective implementation of the rights of indigenous peoples requires States to develop an ambitious programme of reforms at all levels to remedy past and current injustices. This should involve all the branches of the State, including the executive, legislative and judiciary, and implies a combination of political will, legal reform, technical capacity and financial commitment. Implementation of the Declaration should be measured against compliance with these requirements, and not on the basis of rhetorical claims of commitment or isolated measures. Moreover, implementation of the Declaration cannot happen without the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples at all levels of decision making.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les droits des peuples autochtones
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Droits civils & politiques
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Minorités ethniques
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The recognition of the pre-existing rights of indigenous peoples in the legal system of a country is generally a constructive step, particularly when it responds to the demands of indigenous peoples and is conducted in cooperation with them and with their full and effective participation. The mandate holder has consistently recalled that such recognition should be accompanied by a necessary review of all domestic legislation to ensure coherence with international human rights standards on the rights of indigenous peoples, particularly the Declaration. In some countries where legislation recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples has been adopted, there are glaring inconsistencies between such legislation and existing regulations concerning investments, extractive activities such as mining, infrastructure development, forestry, agriculture or conservation measures.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Human rights protection in housing for persons with disabilities varies considerably among States. A growing number of countries have expressly included the right to housing in their constitutions or human rights legislation, and many also enumerate disability as a prohibited ground of discrimination. Some countries rely on universal guarantees of equality and non-discrimination, which are extended to persons with disabilities. In other countries, however, non-discrimination laws regarding disability are written in the context of specific sectors, such as employment, but fail to include non-discrimination and the duty to provide reasonable accommodation in the context of housing.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Droits sociaux et culturels
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In its recent white paper on the rights of persons with disabilities, the Department of Social Services of South Africa called for a comprehensive strategy to realize the right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities consistent with the transformative nature of the constitutional right to housing, including supported community living plans, subsidized housing support, universal design as a requirement in infrastructure grants and a sustainable community-based system for support for independent living. In the white paper, emphasis was laid on the critical importance of strengthening the enforcement of existing legislation, improving access to courts, complaints mechanisms and institutions and strengthening the capacity of institutions such as the South African Human Rights Commission and of organizations for persons with disabilities to support persons with disabilities in gaining access to justice.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Droits sociaux et culturels
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The scope of State obligations to address gender-based violence against women has been further expanded and explained through the adoption of several other general recommendations related to such violence, concluding observations, decisions on individual communications and reports of inquiries regarding individual States parties. These instruments have also been used by the Committee to regularly address emerging forms of gender-based violence against women and its underlying causes, as well as its link to other forms of discrimination and the context in which gender-based violence against women occurs.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, global initiatives, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, call upon States to eradicate, inter alia, trafficking in and other forms of exploitation of children in its targets 5.3, 8.7 and 16.2. In addition, the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (General Assembly resolution 71/1) commits States to protect the human rights of all refugee and migrant children, regardless of their status, in particular those of unaccompanied children or of children separated from their families. The ensuing development of the global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and of that on refugees constitutes a potential additional landmark for the protection of children on the move from trafficking and other forms of exploitation.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- In addition to being a means for advancing their criminal endeavours, the sexual exploitation of children is further used by violent extremist groups to generate revenue, as part of the shadow economy of conflict and terrorism, through trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, sexual slavery and the extortion of ransoms from desperate families. In some circumstances, girls are themselves treated as the “wages of war”, being gifted as a form of in-kind compensation or payment to fighters, who are then entitled to resell or exploit them as they wish. Such strategies are also believed to be a way of recruiting, rewarding and retaining fighters.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The analysis carried out is based on a framework that focuses on aligning the life cycle of development cooperation with the human rights to water and sanitation. The Special Rapporteur proposes the concept of a “human rights development cycle”, as presented in the figure below. In this hypothetical framework, stages are identified where funders can place guarantees and safeguards to ensure that their development cooperation will fully incorporate human rights. Within the human rights development cycle, it is expected that funders entrench the human rights principles and standards in each particular stage and in an integrated fashion throughout all stages. The framework constitutes a non-linear approach, since stages are not necessarily sequential. Notably, assessment and monitoring play a key role in feeding back into previous stages of the cycle and improving funders’ capacity to contribute to the progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 86c
- Paragraph text
- [In terms of cooperation and coordination, States, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations, host countries and civil society organizations, should:] Support the work of the independent expert appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the work of a new in-depth global study on the situation of children deprived of liberty by providing him with the necessary means and resources to fulfil his mandate, as an effective means to support the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through the development of alternatives to the detention of children.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- The submissions received from civil society organizations on the adequacy of the existing legal framework represent a great diversity of responses. These views, together with those of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and regional mechanisms, have been an extremely enriching contribution to the debate on the adequacy of the legal framework on violence against women. Almost all submissions emphasized the role of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women as a dynamic, living instrument that encompasses violence against women as a form of discrimination against women and the progressive interpretation of the Convention through the adoption of successive general recommendations on violence against women by the Committee, as well as other related subjects, such as the core obligations on States to implement the Convention, access to justice (general recommendation No. 33 (2015) on women’s access to justice) and the rights of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict situations (general recommendation No. 30 (2013) on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations), along with all the other general recommendations. A significant number of submissions pointed out that the lack of a specific global treaty on gender-based violence against women had important symbolic value and further indicated that a new treaty could have an important role in galvanizing implementation at the State level. That symbolic value and potential to act as a catalyst for change was particularly compelling in the broader Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions, which were the only ones that did not have a specific regional treaty on violence against women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 96d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following specific recommendations:] States should prioritize implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 5 (gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls), including by developing indicators on target 5.2 (elimination of violence against women) on femicide, shelters and protection orders, and support national plans to implement all of the Goals in a gender-responsive manner. The Sustainable Development Goal process must not, however, derogate from the obligation of States to respect, protect and fulfil women’s human rights in all fields of life, in accordance with existing international human rights law in customary law and treaty obligations. An independent monitoring mechanism should be integrated into this process;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 81a
- Paragraph text
- [In terms of protection and assistance, States, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations, host countries and civil society organizations, should:] Adopt proactive protection measures based on the best interests of the child and in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee laws, as well as general comment No. 14 (2013) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration when indications of sale, trafficking or other forms of exploitation are found; and take all the necessary measures to prevent the illegal adoption and sale of children in the context of conflict and humanitarian crises;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Improvements to partner States’ water and sanitation services funded through development cooperation, even when provided without an obligation for full repayment, often entail an increased need for revenues from tariffs or taxes to keep those services operational and sustainable in the long term. Some funders request or even impose an obligation on partner States to fully or partially recover the costs to operate and maintain such systems through tariffs. Consequently, depending on how tariffs for water and sanitation services are set upon completion, these projects can have an impact on affordable access to services. When funders impose conditionalities requiring full cost recovery through tariffs and the result is higher service fees for users, the affected users must be able to petition the amount of the tariff and seek recourse. If they are not able to do so, the public authorities are therefore not protecting users from the adverse impact of unaffordable services, and the funder shares responsibility for facilitating the creation of such circumstances.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- One project, in which the funder provided budget support to the partner State, consists of maintaining dialogue among government authorities with the aim of supporting sector reform. However, the process seemed to apply a non-participatory approach as relevant stakeholders, including local governments and civil society organizations, were apparently excluded from the discussion of key decisions. That may be a source of future conflict and could jeopardize the legitimacy of the agreements that will be made. The human rights to water and sanitation require funders to take measures to ensure meaningful participation by all stakeholders and to support partner States in developing methods to promote participation (for example, multi-stakeholder dialogues involving the authorities concerned, civil society organizations, private sector entities and marginalized groups). Such dialogues can contribute to building political will, to planning a more appropriate restructuring in the sector recognizing the diverse needs of various groups and their rights, and to creating opportunities to hold public authorities accountable.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Similar to the broad conclusion reached in the first report (A/71/302, paras. 41-44), the Special Rapporteur finds that the explicit commitment to human rights in the six funders’ policies constitutes a heterogeneous patchwork. While some funders’ policies consider the human rights framework, particularly the human rights to water and sanitation, others are only sporadically aligned with those rights and reveal varying degrees of clarity regarding their application to development cooperation. However, even in cases where the human rights framework was adequately incorporated in funders’ policies, the Special Rapporteur observed significant gaps in the application of this framework during project implementation. The root causes of such gaps are varied, including non-implementation of applicable policies at the project stage, non-integration of the human rights framework in the funder’s policies and tools and the absence of a human rights approach in the project selection and design stages.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- According to the principle of legality, any use of force by State agents must pursue a lawful purpose and must be based on and regulated by national law. Lawful purposes typically include effecting the arrest or preventing the escape of a person suspected of having committed a crime, self-defence or defence of others against an unlawful threat of death or serious injury, or dispersing violent assemblies. A further parameter of legality is the equal treatment of all persons before the law in accordance with the principle of non-discrimination (see A/HRC/26/36, para. 74, and A/HRC/31/66, para. 15). States must provide express authority for the use of force in their national law and must regulate the matter in line with their obligations under international law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur observed that the human rights framework might be incorporated in overarching policies that broadly encompass all development cooperation operations or in policies or strategies specifically designed for the water and sanitation sector. Furthermore, policies and strategies were also identified that focused on specific groups, such as women, indigenous populations and persons with disabilities, which occasionally included particular considerations for those people’s needs related to water and sanitation. However, in order to balance the multiple topics of relevance to the present report, funders’ general development cooperation policies and specific policies on water and sanitation are addressed herein.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- A definition of torture was set out in article 1 of the Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 1975, as follows: 1 ... torture means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted by or at the instigation of a public official on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or confession, punishing him for an act he has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating him or other persons. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions to the extent consistent with the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. 2 Torture constitutes an aggravated and deliberate form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Second, torture constitutes an aggravated form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. “Aggravation” here refers to aggravated wrong, which does not necessarily require aggravated pain and suffering. As pointed out by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, “the violation of an individual’s right to physical and mental integrity has different levels that range from torture to other types of abuse or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, the physical and mental consequences of which vary in intensity according to factors that are endogenous and exogenous to the individual (such as, duration of the treatment, age, sex, health, context, and vulnerability), which must be analysed in each specific situation”.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The Committee against Torture has repeatedly held that police brutality and excessive use of force outside the context of detention can fall within its purview (for example, A/50/44, para. 126, CAT/C/VEN/CO/3-4, para. 12, CAT/C/TUR/CO/4, para. 15, and CAT/C/KOR/CO/3-5, para. 13). In V.L. v. Switzerland, a case involving multiple rapes, the Committee noted that “the complainant was clearly under the physical control of the police even though the acts concerned were perpetrated outside formal detention facilities” (CAT/C/37/D/262/2005, annex, para. 8.10). It found that State agents had inflicted severe pain and suffering on her, for purposes such as interrogation, intimidation, punishment, humiliation and discrimination based on gender, and concluded that “the sexual abuse by the police in this case constitutes torture even though it was perpetrated outside formal detention facilities” (ibid.).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Concerning those civil society organizations submissions supporting a new stand-alone treaty with a new separate monitoring body, among the main arguments regarding the need for a new global treaty on violence against women were the need to close the normative gap, the lack of a legally binding definition of gender-based violence against women and the necessity for a global legally binding standard and universal language to reflect the global nature of the problem. Several arguments highlighted how “violence against women is the most widespread human rights violation on Earth” and that “a global phenomenon should have a global and specific response”. Civil society organizations also called for the production of a report on global progress and strategic development, as “violence against women is currently a theme rather than an objective” and needed to be addressed as a global priority.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In the context of development cooperation, the right to participation is relevant at two stages. First, the participation of a diversity of stakeholders is relevant during the processes of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation and assessment (A/71/302, para. 17). Such participatory processes should involve input from national stakeholders and people whose rights are affected that can meaningfully affect the decision-making process in all aspects of development cooperation activities. Second, establishing participatory processes between the funder and the beneficiaries at the level of project implementation is key. If the knowledge and expectations of beneficiaries are not incorporated into those processes, cooperation will never improve their access to water, sanitation and hygiene in a manner consistent with their cultural values and human rights principles (ibid.).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In sum, in the view of the Special Rapporteur, while the notion of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment includes essentially any unlawful infliction of pain and suffering by State agents, the aggravated threshold of torture is always reached when, additionally, severe pain or suffering is intentionally and purposefully inflicted on a powerless person. Depending on the applicable treaty definition and its contemporary interpretation by the relevant bodies, either the aggravated threshold of torture may not require that the inflicted pain and suffering be “severe”, or the interpretation of the requirement of severity may have evolved to significantly lower the relevant threshold.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- In Cestaro v. Italy and Bartesaghi Gallo and Others v. Italy, the European Court of Human Rights found that the violent punching, kicking and beating with rubber truncheons of antiglobalization protestors amounted to torture. The Court noted that although none of the victims showed violence or resistance, and although all of them were manifestly unarmed, asleep or sitting with their hands raised above their heads, the police systematically and indiscriminately subjected each of them to violent beatings, intentionally inflicting severe physical and psychological suffering for purposes of retaliation and humiliation through the use of excessive, indiscriminate and manifestly disproportionate force.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Article 1 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 1984 provides that: The term “torture” means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Third, while the notion of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment may include a wide range of actions amounting to unlawful infliction of pain or suffering, the aggravated threshold of torture requires a number of additional criteria that may vary slightly depending on the applicable treaty definition and its interpretation by the relevant oversight bodies. Thus, according to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, “an act constitutes torture when the ill-treatment: (a) is intentional; (b) causes severe physical or mental suffering, and (c) is committed with a specific purpose or objective”. Similarly, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights has interpreted torture as “the intentional and systematic infliction of physical or psychological pain and suffering in order to punish, intimidate or gather information” and usefully pointed out that torture could be carried out by “State or non-State actors at the time of exercising control over such person or persons”. According to the European Court of Human Rights, torture, as opposed to other inhuman and degrading treatment, involves “deliberate inhuman treatment causing very serious and cruel suffering”. Both the European Court and the African Commission have used article 1 of the Convention against Torture as a reference point for defining torture for the purposes of the European Convention on Human Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, whereas inter-American bodies have tended to refer to the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The exposure risk of children engaged in agricultural work is particularly alarming. Although little data are available, the International Labour Organization estimates that about 60 per cent of child labourers worldwide work in agriculture, and children often make up a substantial portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries. Their increased sensitivity to the hazards of pesticides, the inadequacy of protective equipment and their lack of experience may leave them particularly exposed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- While regulators are mostly concerned about health risks through pesticide residues, their effects on non-target organisms are hugely underestimated. For example, neonicotinoids, a commonly used class of systemic insecticides, are causing soil degradation and water pollution and endangering vital ecosystem services such as biological pest control. Designed to damage the central nervous system of target pests, they can also cause harm to beneficial invertebrates as well as to birds, butterflies and other wildlife.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Seasonal and migrant workers are also more vulnerable, as they may work temporarily at various agricultural sites, multiplying their exposure risk to pesticides. Language barriers may further prevent these workers from understanding labels and safety warnings, they may experience poor working conditions without access to adequate safety equipment and they may have difficulty accessing medical care and compensation for pesticide-related diseases. Workers may also have little control over the types of pesticides used.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Two other treaties cover a broader scope of hazardous pesticides, but only for specific international activities. The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade enables information sharing between States on the export and import of certain hazardous pesticides, while the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal regulates the international trade of hazardous pesticides as waste.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Following her thematic study on the rights of linguistic minorities, the Special Rapporteur produced the handbook "Language rights of linguistic minorities: a practical guide for implementation", which is available in all six official languages of the United Nations on the mandate's website. This linguistic guide aims to serve as a practical tool to assist policymakers and right holders to have a better understanding of linguistic rights as well as to provide best practices that could be replicated in different contexts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The present study addresses an aspect of the mandate that was highlighted in the 1990 founding resolution, namely the problem of the adoption of children for commercial purposes. It should be noted that children can also be sold for the purpose of illegal adoption. In the present study, the Special Rapporteur aims to highlight the wide variety of illegal acts and illicit practices that have been and continue to be committed in the context of domestic and intercountry adoption processes with the ultimate goal of suggesting concrete solutions to prevent and combat the phenomenon.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The lack of transparency regarding the costs of an adoption and other related payments are at the root of most illegal acts. Particularly in the context of intercountry adoptions, the costs of the whole procedure are not set, which leads to great fluctuations in prices and many opportunities for corruption. Nor is there transparency regarding the purpose and use of other "adoption-related payments", blurring further the line between required and unjustified amounts. Payments also create a dependency (e.g. among "orphanages" and intermediaries) that can fuel illegal adoptions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- States have been reluctant to react adequately to illegal adoptions. The lack of accountability and redress for victims of illegal adoptions, in part due to a lack of comprehensive national legislation criminalizing illegal adoption as a separate offence, is a major concern. In addition, investigations and prosecutions are rarely targeted at criminal structures involved in the commission of systematic illegal adoptions, often with State complicity. Sanctions for acts related to illegal adoptions rarely reflect the gravity of the crimes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Therefore, the first priority of the Special Rapporteur will be to unequivocally reaffirm the absolute and universal prohibition of all, and any, forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, to further clarify the contours and meaning of these terms in the light of the evolving challenges marking the contemporary international environment, and to call on States and non-State actors alike to renounce, and to prevent impunity for, any such practice.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The current mandate holder intends to contribute to the development of international standards for the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association and to focus on their implementation or lack thereof. To that end, she will strive to ensure that every paragraph in her reports conveys a relevant piece of information for States, civil society organizations and all relevant stakeholders. As mandated by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 15/21 (para. 5 (d)), she will integrate a gender perspective throughout her work.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, certain “less lethal” weapons may have foreseeable long-term or other effects, which must be considered when assessing the proportionality of their use, such as the high risk of serious head injury arising when persons collapse uncontrollably after being targeted with electrical discharge weapons or the humiliating effect of the use of dyes or malodorants.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- States can take a number of measures to improve sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities, including by reviewing their legal and policy frameworks; taking concrete measures in the areas of education and information, access to justice, accessibility, non-discrimination and participation; and by allocating specific budgets for their implementation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53o
- Paragraph text
- A non-governmental organization from Peru observed that the Constitutional Tribunal in 2016 helped to resolve the situation of transgender persons by underlining that it is not a pathological condition and that human rights must be respected on the basis of equality for all and without discrimination;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 62a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to States:] Recognize by law the sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities, and remove all legal barriers that prevent them from accessing sexual and reproductive health information, goods and services, including legislation that limits their right to make autonomous decisions;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 62b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to States:] Prohibit by law the forced sterilization of girls and young women with disabilities, as well as other compulsory or involuntary practices affecting their sexual and reproductive health and rights, and ensure adequate procedural safeguards to protect their right to free and informed consent;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The Human Rights Council has adopted a number of resolutions, notably since the Arab Spring, on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of peaceful protest, in which it stressed that “peaceful protests should not be viewed as a threat” and encouraged all States “to engage in an open, inclusive and meaningful dialogue when dealing with peaceful protests and their causes” (see, for example, resolution 25/38).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- UNICEF has in place several policies and relevant strategic plans for water and sanitation that are based on the human rights framework. UNICEF has adapted those policies and strategies to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. That has important implications for its approach to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, as it determines the service levels that UNICEF will uphold and aim to implement.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, the intervention framework establishes targets for an intended number of beneficiaries through projects and defines a proportion of projects or funding to support relevant elements of the human rights to water and sanitation (for example, to ensure that 50 per cent of all projects funded have a positive impact on gender).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Observers have also noted the growing use of shutdowns to prevent cheating by students during national exams. Uzbekistan may have been the first to invoke this justification during university entrance exams in 2014. In 2016, authorities allegedly ordered shutdowns during exams in India, Algeria, Ethiopia and Iraq.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Health settings must empower users as rights holders to exercise autonomy and participate meaningfully and actively in all matters concerning them, to make their own choices about their health, including sexual and reproductive health, and their treatment, with appropriate support where needed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89k
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Establish the necessary mechanisms to ensure accountability of regulatory actors;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The following initial recommendations invite constructive responses from a variety of actors, including States, in cooperation with other stakeholders:
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The above thematic priorities are not set in stone, but will be updated by the Special Rapporteur as she encounters new challenges and concerns and receives suggestions as to other topics for her future reports.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. Target 4.5.
- Paragraph text
- [End the use of detention as a border management and deterrence tool against migrants] Promote, develop and make use of viable, rights-based alternatives to detention
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In order to respond to the complexity of human mobility, as explained above, States are required to develop a long-term strategic vision of what their mobility policies will look like in a generation from now, with precise timelines and accountability benchmarks. Such a long-term vision is similar to the strategic planning of States for policies on energy, environment, trade, food security, public transit, infrastructure and industries, in order to determine the investments needed to achieve the objectives.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 40e
- Paragraph text
- [With that in mind, the Special Rapporteur proposes developing a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility, which would translate the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development into “bite-sized” and achievable goals, targets and indicators. The 2030 Agenda already refers, in certain Sustainable Development Goals, to the human and labour rights of migrants, including:] Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all, including migrants (target 16.3);
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The digital access industry is in the business of digital expression; its commercial viability depends on users who seek, receive and impart information and ideas on the networks it builds and operates. Since privately owned networks are indispensable to the contemporary exercise of freedom of expression, their operators also assume critical social and public functions. The industry’s decisions, whether in response to government demands or rooted in commercial interests, can directly impact freedom of expression and related human rights in both beneficial and detrimental ways.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is particularly concerned about reports of threats and intimidation of companies, their employees and their equipment and infrastructure. Also, the Council’s emphasis on the important role — and need for protection — of the private sector deserves consideration. States should review all activities to obtain network access to ensure that they are lawful, necessary and proportionate, paying particular attention to whether these activities are the least intrusive means for protecting a legitimate aim.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- At present, there is an impasse over how obligations in relation to non-consensual treatment are implemented in the light of the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, given the different interpretation by international human rights mechanisms. The Special Rapporteur has followed these developments and hopes that consensus can be reached to start the shift towards strengthened mental health policies and services without delay. He seeks to participate actively in these processes and potentially report again on the progress achieved.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Data collection should be focused on the human rights aspects of migration and preferably be disaggregated by all prohibited grounds of discrimination, including by income, urban or rural area, sex, age, disability, nationality, sector of employment and legal status. Disaggregation by itself, however, does not automatically result in the reduction of inequalities. It is the action of policymakers in response to the information revealed by disaggregation that can result in the required change, which must then be reflected when setting targets and indicators.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In 2012, an executive order aimed at strengthening protections against trafficking in persons in federal contracts was signed in the United States. The new amendments to the Federal Acquisition Regulation include further due diligence measures in respect of contractors and address key risk indicators, such as the use of unethical recruitment practices, in particular by prohibiting contractors from charging recruitment fees to workers and from denying employees access to their personal documents.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Auditing, as a way to evaluate the compliance of companies with labour standards, has also been criticized for its lack of capacity to assess the performance of companies in the long term. An audit, even the most comprehensive, i.e., when it includes worker interviews and is supplemented with information from alternative sources, such as local actors, including representatives of civil society and local trade unions, is still a snapshot offering only a partial view of day-to-day working conditions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Other regional human rights instruments offer opportunities for advocacy against violence and discrimination. For instance, it is stated in the Arab Charter on Human Rights, of 2004, in its article 3, that: Each State party to the present Charter undertakes to ensure to all individuals subject to its jurisdiction the right to enjoy the rights and freedoms set forth herein, without distinction on grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religious belief, opinion, thought, national or social origin, wealth, birth or physical or mental disability.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Network neutrality — the principle that all Internet data should be treated equally without undue interference — promotes the widest possible access to information. In the digital age, the freedom to choose among information sources is meaningful only when Internet content and applications of all kinds are transmitted without undue discrimination or interference by non-State actors, including providers. The State’s positive duty to promote freedom of expression argues strongly for network neutrality in order to promote the widest possible non-discriminatory access to information.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Pre-existing policies and mechanisms could also be reformed or strengthened to address violations of freedom of expression. For example, a provider could make improvements to its content restriction policy and the training of its content moderation teams to reduce the likelihood of unfair website takedowns or overbroad content restrictions such as filtering. Customer complaint mechanisms could also be updated to allow users to flag network traffic management practices, commercial filtering classifications and other content restrictions they deem to be unduly restrictive or unfair.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 61f
- Paragraph text
- [Participants identified several other actions and interventions, listed below, which have also helped the Special Rapporteur define areas for further engagement and work under the mandate in strengthening the strategies implemented by multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to detect and tackle trafficking in persons:] Companies that use audits to measure supply-chain compliance are encouraged to review assessment protocols to support improvements in audit quality and create conditions to enable auditors to better identify risks of trafficking;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 62d
- Paragraph text
- [Given the potential that multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions may have to cascade corporate policies on eliminating trafficking in persons across sectors, and the role the Special Rapporteur can play in providing a powerful and neutral platform, the mandate holder will continue to explore further engagement with such initiatives, specifically to:] Analyse the impact that non-financial disclosure regulations have on company policies on trafficking in persons.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Access to information is crucial to the work of regulatory actors, who have an obligation to collect, analyse and disseminate accurate and disaggregated information on the implementation of the rights to water and sanitation by the service providers that they regulate. Access to information is essential for enabling meaningful participation. In this context, it is important to highlight that regulatory actors’ obligation to ensure meaningful public participation in key regulatory decisions, including tariff-setting, is not in any way incompatible with their required independence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66e
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Workers are provided with a written employment contract that is straightforward and understandable by the workers. Contracts for migrant workers are shared with the workers sufficiently in advance of their deployment;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- In establishing an assurance programme or certification system, multi-stakeholder initiatives should engage with workers and trade unions to ensure that their concerns and feedback are taken into consideration and that they are informed of the procedures through which they can provide input. Engagement should take place not only during the assessments, but also during pre-audit consultation, the assessment of assurance providers, the review of policies and procedures, and dispute resolution.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Companies should establish or participate in an operational-level grievance mechanism, in accordance with the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and cooperate with State-based judicial and non-judicial grievance mechanisms. In designing and establishing the mechanisms, companies should engage with workers, with worker representatives and with civil society organizations that have expertise in issues of trafficking in persons and labour exploitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- A number of human rights challenges arise when regulating service provision by contract, particularly when non-State actors are involved. Such challenges include guaranteeing transparent and democratic decision-making, addressing power asymmetries in the bidding and negotiation process, ensuring affordable services, avoiding disconnections in cases of inability to pay, ensuring monitoring and accountability, and addressing corruption. It is also important that contracts, which are normally valid for decades, can be reviewed and adapted over time.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- In selecting new suppliers, companies should develop an evaluation mechanism that takes into account a supplier’s compliance with the policy the company has adopted or to which it adheres, by establishing risk indicators such as those mentioned in the recommendations set out above for multi-stakeholder initiatives on strengthening criteria and indicators. Companies should widely communicate among potential bidders the conditions for selection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- States should protect workers against human rights abuses perpetrated in the recruitment process by employers, labour recruiters and other enterprises. This requires that States take appropriate steps, through effective policies, legislation, regulations and adjudication, to prevent and investigate such abuses, to punish those responsible and to provide redress, and that they exercise and mandate due diligence to ensure that human rights are respected.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Monitoring is essential for understanding current levels of access to water and sanitation services — by focusing on issues such as affordability and water quality, identifying barriers to access for unserved or underserved populations, and ensuring that participatory processes are inclusive. National and local monitoring processes gather information that helps identify drivers and bottlenecks, highlight gaps, and assess strengths and challenges, and as such are essential for the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its nineteenth and twentieth sessions 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Implementation and monitoring efforts must assess progress in achieving results for people of African descent specifically. This requires, inter alia, consultation and participation of people of African descent at all stages of the process; the collection and analysis of disaggregated data that reveal the situation of the most disadvantaged groups and those groups affected by discrimination; and the development and implementation of specific programmes to address the human rights violations and disparities faced by people of African descent.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its nineteenth and twentieth sessions 2017, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group will continue to assist and facilitate the exchange of information and to connect financial and development institutions with people of African descent and civil society for this purpose. It will share its country visit reports with development and financial institutions and request them to increase their efforts and continue to assist Member States and people of African descent in the implementation of its recommendations.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- States must recognize the existing layers of identities within the disability community in order to adequately address the inequalities and intersectional discrimination experienced by girls and young women with disabilities. States should consider developing and implementing policies and practices targeting the most marginalized groups of girls and young women with disabilities (e.g., those with multiple or severe impairments and deaf-blind girls and young women) in order to accelerate or achieve de facto equality.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of girls and young women with disabilities 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Girls and young women with disabilities face unique challenges with regard to the management of menstrual hygiene. The absence of appropriate sanitation facilities in schools, including separate, accessible and sheltered toilets, in addition to the lack of education, resources and support for menstrual hygiene, compromise their ability to properly manage their hygiene and make them especially prone to diseases. Consequently, many girls and young women with disabilities stay at home or are sent to special schools, reinforcing their exclusion from comprehensive sexuality education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 59a
- Paragraph text
- States are encouraged to ratify the core international human rights treaties (if they have not yet done so) and to implement them fully, including in regard to respect for sexual orientation and gender identity, in cooperation with other partners. States are urged to follow up the various recommendations under the universal periodic review and from the United Nations treaty bodies and special procedures effectively to ensure improved protection from violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- In the view of the Special Rapporteur, litigating in national, regional and international courts is essential to building international practice, which is exactly the practice that is needed to contribute to the emergence and definition of standards, the assessment of compliance therewith and the promotion of their implementation. She will therefore strive to participate in litigation, mainly, but not exclusively, as amicus curiae, legal expert and third party intervenor, in cases where the rights to freedom of peaceful association and of assembly are at stake.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Notwithstanding the achievements mentioned above in terms of legal, policy and institutional frameworks, there are specific priority areas that present serious challenges for the fulfilment of the aims of the Declaration. This section provides a brief summary of those priority areas in which progress is more urgently needed, including references to guidance provided by the mandate holder to this effect.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- In other circumstances, living in an institutional setting or remaining with family may be a decision made by a parent, guardian or family member on behalf of a person with a disability. Institutions that are originally presented as optional may subsequently deny residents the right to leave. Years of living in segregated settings have devastating effects on the autonomy of residents and their ability to exercise independent agency, making it difficult for them to trust or imagine a positive community-based alternative.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- A positive trend has developed during the past 10 years with the use of the Declaration as a source of law in regional and national courts. Gradually, the Declaration is being incorporated into jurisprudence and cited as an authoritative legal source in the interpretation of the content of indigenous rights. Some Constitutional and Supreme Courts have also explicitly recognized the Declaration in developing jurisprudence at the domestic level.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Ten years after its adoption, and in spite of the reaffirmation of the commitment to the Declaration made at the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples in 2014, the Special Rapporteur has to conclude that there has been limited progress in the actual implementation of the rights of indigenous peoples. This is observed in particular with regard to the core rights of indigenous peoples to self-determination and their rights to their lands, territories and resources. This conclusion is based on the work of the mandate holder since 2007.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Ten years after its adoption, the legal status and aims of the Declaration are now better understood and accepted by Member States and others. The four countries that voted against the Declaration have now reversed their position, and some of the countries that abstained have also made public statements of support. Moreover, States reaffirmed their commitment to take measures to achieve the ends of the Declaration in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples at the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples in 2014.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les droits des peuples autochtones
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Droits sociaux et culturels
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Minorités ethniques
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Discussions on recognition of indigenous peoples and their rights in the Constitution are ongoing and at the federal level in Australia, Chile and Guatemala. In February 2017, the Special Rapporteur together with other special procedures mandate holders wrote to the Government of Guatemala urging it, in the context of the ongoing parliamentary debate, to support amendments to the Constitution which would recognize the indigenous justice system.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 98e
- Paragraph text
- [The United Nations system has a particular role to play in the implementation of the Declaration. The Special Rapporteur would like to refer to the recommendations offered by the mandate holder in thematic and country reports to this effect, and to the communications and exchanges maintained with different United Nations bodies. Some key areas of work that could be considered are:] Promoting good faith intercultural dialogue between States and indigenous peoples on the key issues identified by indigenous peoples;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- In Selçuk and Asker v. Turkey, the Court found the unjustified destruction of private homes to be inhuman treatment because it was “premeditated and carried out contemptuously and without respect for the feelings of the applicants”, who “had to stand by and watch the burning of their homes” while inadequate precautions were taken to ensure their safety and no subsequent assistance was provided.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 91a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to States with the aim of assisting them in developing and implementing support arrangements and services for persons with disabilities. States should:] Recognize in domestic legislation the obligation to provide access to different forms of support to persons with disabilities to carry out daily activities and participate in society;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 96d
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [At the national level] [Specifically in respect of intercountry adoptions:] In dealing with States not parties to the 1993 Hague Convention, receiving countries that are parties to the Convention should apply as far as practicable the standards and safeguards of the Convention, prevent their nationals and agencies from creating a situation where illegal adoptions are bound to occur and assist authorities in States not parties to the Convention in stemming the flow;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- In carrying out his mandate, the Special Rapporteur will always endeavour to engage in an open, respectful and constructive dialogue with States and other international, regional and non-governmental stakeholders, and aim to gain mutual trust and consolidated understanding of all relevant perspectives, concerns and challenges before drawing any conclusions or trying to identify the most suitable manner of action.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Voluntary standards alone are not sufficient to transform business models. Innovative approaches in sector transformation call for enhanced collaboration with governments. States must guarantee normative frameworks that, on the basis of international standards, protect workers from labour exploitation and set out clear expectations for businesses in this regard.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its nineteenth and twentieth sessions 2017, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group calls upon States to promote access to decent work for people of African descent in key occupations and economic sectors without any discrimination, as required by ILO Convention No. 111. Other measures include improving anti-discrimination legislation and its enforcement by focusing and addressing multiple forms of discrimination such as discrimination based on race, colour, gender and disability.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with their legal obligations under international human rights law, as well as high-level political commitments made in the Sustainable Development Goals to address corruption and develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions by 2030, States should provide leadership to confront the domestic and global causes of corruption and its impact on the right to health through legal, policy and programming measures in the health and related sectors.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Declaration offers a historical opportunity to change the relationship of Member States with indigenous peoples from one of exclusion and marginalization into one of reconciliation, cooperation and respect. The adoption of the Declaration was, by itself, a first step by Member States, to start this new relationship and remedy past injustices and their contemporary consequences.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that, under Sustainable Development Goal 5, new energy and resources should be focused on bridging the incorporation and implementation gaps between international and national law and policy, including with regard to better use of existing global and regional mechanisms on violence against women, including data collection and indicators on gender-based violence against women, femicide, and shelters and protection orders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 83d
- Paragraph text
- [In terms of access to justice, prosecution and sanctions, States, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations, host countries and civil society organizations, should:] Ensure that a legal representative for all children (including families) and a trained guardian for unaccompanied and separated children are appointed as soon as possible upon arrival, free of charge;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 85c
- Paragraph text
- [In terms of prevention and the promotion of rights, States, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations, host countries and civil society organizations, should:] Prevent sexual exploitation by the military, extremist groups or family members, as well as child or forced marriages, whether in refugee or internally displaced persons camps or in the host country;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 91b
- Paragraph text
- [In the project selection, design and implementation stages, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance of measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance (ibid., para. 74 (b)) and recommends that funders:] Ensure that the selection, design and implementation of projects apply the framework for the human rights to water and sanitation, notably prioritizing those people in the most vulnerable situations;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- According to a study undertaken by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the French notion of "sorcery" and the English notion of "witchcraft" were introduced to Africa by the first Europeans explorers, colonialists and missionaries and, strongly influenced by European history, were pejorative. These concepts were employed to translate the terms used in vernacular languages for local realities. The notion of witchcraft, as used in the present report, therefore refers to multiple concepts covered by a variety of different terms referring to various phenomena whose interpretation relies on their context. It is nevertheless generally agreed that in all cultural contexts, witchcraft refers to negative occult or mystical forces, although it has been - albeit less frequently - associated with positive connotations such as empowerment and cleansing.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Persons with albinism are victims of ritual attacks. It is believed that their body parts can bring, inter alia, wealth and good luck when used in potions made by practitioners of witchcraft, referred to as witchdoctors. Persons with albinism who are victims of such attacks are often dismembered and their body parts stolen, including limbs, genitals and hair. In addition, body parts are often taken from live victims because of the related belief that the intensity of their screams while being dismembered enhances the potency of the muti or juju.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Evans-Pritchard distinguishes between "witchcraft" and "sorcery". According to his definition, witches have supernatural powers and operate in secret, in order to harm victims by devouring their life essence. In contrast, a sorcerer is someone who does harm by using plant substances and rituals. The use of body parts of persons with albinism in amulets, charms, potions or other preparations could arguably fall under either category. Therefore, in the present report, the Independent Expert will use the term "witchcraft" to denote both concepts. She will not use the term "magic", which has been employed in some cases to describe attacks against persons with albinism, because it seems to have a dual quality of both benevolence and malevolence, and may therefore be misunderstood. Since the report intends to capture witchcraft in the broader sense and its negative impact on persons with albinism, the term "magic" - in its malevolent form - will be understood to be subsumed by the term "witchcraft".
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- In its study on children accused of witchcraft, UNICEF reported that, in many African societies, births considered "abnormal" were generally surrounded by a complex system of representations and rituals. Such births included twins, "badly born" children and persons with albinism. Cases have been reported of parents killing their babies born with albinism for being witches. Where these children are not killed at birth, they are often taken to a spiritual leader or traditional healer to be "healed" through various forms of violent exorcism. Similarly, in a report published by the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General on Violence Against Children in 2012, it is stressed that vulnerable children such as children with disabilities, children with albinism, premature babies or specially gifted children are often the target of witchcraft accusations. The link between witchcraft and persons with albinism was also noted in western Sudan where persons with albinism were accused of taking part in "strange and dangerous practices" related to witchcraft.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- WHO, in its study on the legal status of traditional medicine, details the status of traditional medicine in 123 countries around the world, showing the diverse approaches taken by States with respect to the practice. In sub-Saharan Africa, some States recognize traditional medicine as part of the national health system while others are silent on the issue. There are also variations between States in the level of regulation of traditional medicine practitioners. Some countries have established registers of practitioners, or exercise control by issuing government licences at the central level; in others, local officials are able to authorize the practice of traditional medicine in their administrative and/or health subdivisions. In certain countries, unlicensed practising of traditional medicine is a punishable offence. In other countries, including those with records of attacks, there is no licensing or registration process for practitioners of traditional medicine.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- It is important to reiterate that although witchcraft per se should not be criminalized, any killing of persons for the use of body parts in witchcraft-related practices such as muti or juju should be prosecuted. To do so, it is necessary to ensure that legal provisions criminalize a broad range of attacks and assaults, as well as criminalize the possession and trafficking of body parts. Linking such a criminal action to muti and juju would be challenging, given the difficulty in establishing objective evidentiary standards. Nonetheless, where evidence substantially supports the proposition that muti and juju were the purpose of the criminal activity, States could consider including that factor as an aggravating circumstance leading to a heavier sentence and ultimately deter crime incentivized by witchcraft. Non-legal tools such as public education and sociocultural interventions with stakeholders would also be necessary to complement such legal practice in dissuading muti, juju and all crimes related to witchcraft.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- In its global study on the legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine, WHO recognized both mainstream medical care (allopathic medicine) and complementary/alternative medicine, terms that were used interchangeably with "traditional medicine" in some countries. Given the broadness of the term "traditional medicine" and the wide range of practices it encompassed, traditional medicine was difficult to define with a finite list of objective criteria. However, WHO provided a helpful list of what might be included: a diversity of health practices, approaches, knowledge, and beliefs incorporating plant, animal and/or mineral-based medicines; spiritual therapies; manual techniques; and exercises, applied singly or in combination, to maintain well-being, as well as to treat, diagnose or prevent illness.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- In the absence of specific legislation covering trafficking of body parts, some States have been confronted with a legal gap when they arrest persons for trafficking body parts of persons with albinism such as bones, hair and limbs. In response to this situation, in Malawi for example, the judiciary has made creative use of the Anatomy Act, which was not drafted with the horrendous crimes perpetrated against persons with albinism in mind. The Act, which was drafted for a medical context, carries relatively light penalties but was, until recent reforms, the only instrument available to prosecute cases of possession of body parts of persons with albinism.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- In addition, it is not certain that body parts, such as limbs hacked off, seized and transported for the sake of muti or juju, would fall under the definition of "organ" in both international and national trafficking laws. Neither the Protocol nor other global instruments addressing trafficking for the removal and sale of organs, such as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography or the WHO Guiding Principles on Human Organ Transplantation, defines "organ". However, a definition of "organ" is provided by a specific regional instrument on the issue, namely the Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs, which defines "human organ" as "a differentiated part of the human body formed by different tissues, that maintains its structure, vascularisation and capacity to develop physiological functions with a significant level of autonomy".
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Accusations of witchcraft and related violence are one of the most visible and reported manifestations of belief in witchcraft. While reports indicate that persons with albinism are mainly affected by the muti and juju forms of witchcraft-related violence, mothers of children with albinism and children born with albinism have also reportedly been accused of witchcraft.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The philosophy of independent living, which outlines the need for persons with disabilities to have autonomous and independent lives, reinforces the notion of support. However, independence needs to be framed in a way that takes into account the interdependence of human experiences and accepts reliance on others as a fundamental aspect of that interdependence, thus moving away from narrow interpretations of independence that conflate it with self-sufficiency and self-reliance. In this regard, support must ensure that persons with disabilities are able to exercise choice and control over their own lives, irrespective of their physical, sensory, mental and intellectual impairments, and over their own views, rather than having to follow the views of those looking after their needs.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The existence of social and environmental barriers creates the need for support. For example, persons with disabilities who live in inaccessible communities may require greater support than if they lived in accessible ones. Individual support needs also vary according to personal factors, including level of impairment, age, socioeconomic status and ethnic origin. While the existence of strong non-discrimination legal frameworks and fully accessible general environments significantly facilitate the participation of persons with disabilities, many of them may still require support measures to be able to participate in the community on an equal basis with others.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that all persons with disabilities enjoy equal access to quality support without discrimination. Public and private service providers and agencies cannot deny access to support on the basis of disability, whether directly or indirectly, and they must ensure the provision of reasonable accommodation to all those who may require it. States should review all eligibility criteria and assessments from a human rights perspective to ensure they are not discriminatory, in line with the recommendations included in the Special Rapporteur's thematic study on the right of persons with disabilities to social protection (A/70/297).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Support is a cross-cutting obligation under the Convention. As part of the general obligations provided in article 4, States parties have an obligation to adopt all appropriate measures to implement the rights recognized in the treaty, including the provision of support services when necessary (art. 4 (1) (a)). States must also undertake or promote research and development, and promote the availability and use, of devices and assistive technologies (art. 4 (1) (g)), and provide accessible information to persons with disabilities about mobility aids, devices and assistive technologies, including new technologies, and other forms of assistance, support services and facilities (art. 4 (1) (h)).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Children with disabilities and their families require different types of support services, especially in the education and health sectors. They include assistive technology, communication support and individualized education plans, and information and assistance to families of children with disabilities in need. For too long, children and adolescents with disabilities have been mere recipients of "special care", when this is available at all, which resulted in widespread segregation, institutionalization and neglect. Instead, States must organize support services and measures that foster their well-being and enable them to realize their full potential. Families need help to understand disability in a positive way and to know how to help support their children to be autonomous and independent. Limited understanding of care can hinder their right to express their views freely on all matters affecting them, in accordance with their age and maturity, and to be provided with disability- and age-appropriate assistance to realize that right.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Support systems should ensure the availability of an adequate number of functioning programmes and services to provide the fullest possible range of support to the diverse population of persons with disabilities, including communication support, support in decision-making, mobility support, personal assistance, living arrangements services and community services. Ensuring the availability of a reliable, skilled and trained workforce, including sign language interpreters, interpreters for the deafblind, personal assistants and other intermediaries, is a critical component of ensuring the availability of support. Assistive devices and technologies for persons with disabilities should also be available.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Individual funding is a suitable way to ensure choice and control by persons with disabilities. Personalized schemes allow persons with disabilities to hire support directly, either from formal service providers or informal carers, or a combination of both. In this way, persons with disabilities can decide who provides them support and the type and level of support they wish to receive, and thus are much more empowered to ensure that they will receive adequate support. The implementation of such schemes should not, however, result in States relinquishing their primary responsibility to ensure access to appropriate support for persons with disabilities. On the contrary, States have a significant role to play in its management and monitoring.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 91g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to States with the aim of assisting them in developing and implementing support arrangements and services for persons with disabilities. States should:] Ensure that eligibility criteria for accessing support do not discriminate against persons with disabilities on any grounds and that disability assessments, when established, take into consideration the barriers affecting a person's participation and not only her or his impairment;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Overall, while some of these initiatives have had some impact, the voluntary nature of soft law instruments clearly limits their effectiveness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Most countries maintain a threshold maximum residue level, indicating the highest level of pesticide considered to be safe for consumption. Monitoring those levels can help protect consumers and incentivize farmers to minimize the use of pesticides. However, capacity for inspection is often lacking, or adequate systems are not in place to measure or enforce maximum residue levels. Moreover, as maximum residue levels are not uniform, food products banned in one country may still be permitted entry in countries that allow higher levels. Similarly, while foods produced locally containing high pesticide residue levels may not be permitted for export owing to stricter regulations abroad, they may still be sold domestically.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Of grave concern are the impacts of chronic exposure to hazardous pesticides. Pesticide exposure has been linked to cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, hormone disruption, developmental disorders and sterility. They can also cause numerous neurological health effects such as memory loss, loss of coordination, reduced visual ability and reduced motor skills. Other possible effects include asthma, allergies and hypersensitivity. These symptoms are often very subtle and may not be recognized by the medical community as a clinical effect caused by pesticides. Furthermore, chronic effects of pesticides may not manifest for months or years after exposure, presenting a significant challenge for accountability and access to an effective remedy, including preventive interventions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The prime example of controversy around genetically engineered crops is glyphosate, the active ingredient of some herbicides, including Roundup, that allow farmers to kill weeds but not their crops. While presented as less toxic and persistent compared to traditional herbicides, there is considerable disagreement over the impact of glyphosate on the environment: studies have indicated negative impacts on biodiversity, wildlife and soil nutrient content. There are also concerns regarding human health. In 2015, WHO announced that glyphosate was a probable carcinogen.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Pesticide poisonings remain a serious concern, especially in developing countries, even though these nations account for only 25 per cent of pesticide usage. In some countries, pesticide poisoning even exceeds fatalities from infectious diseases. Tragic accidents involving poisoning include an incident in 1999 in Peru, where 24 schoolchildren died following the consumption of the highly toxic pesticide parathion, which had been packaged so that it was mistaken for powdered milk. Other cases include the deaths of 23 children in India in 2013 after consuming a meal contaminated with the highly hazardous pesticide monocrotophos; the poisoning of 39 preschool children in China in 2014 from consumption of food containing residues of the pesticide TETs; and the deaths of 11 children in Bangladesh in 2015 after eating fruits laced with pesticides.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- During the 1970s, the pesticide DCBP was used extensively on banana and pineapple plantations around the world. In Davao, the Philippines, where the pesticide was used in the 1980s, high levels of sterility were scientifically proven to have resulted from exposure. Other conditions, including cancer, asthma, tuberculosis and skin disease, were also detected, but a linkage was not scientifically proven. While local authorities banned aerial spraying following community protests, the Supreme Court of the Philippines reversed the ban, allegedly under pressure from banana corporations. Further, suits brought by plantation workers have been dismissed, leaving victims without compensation. Twenty years on, despite a global ban on DBCP, soils and water sources remain contaminated.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Claims have recently been brought against the Dominican Republic and Panama, for example, on the basis that government decisions to cancel planned luxury developments in order to protect indigenous territories or environmental resources violated investors' rights under bilateral investment treaties. The Government of Mauritius is currently being taken to arbitration by a group of property development companies from the United Kingdom that invested in luxury real estate developments in Mauritius and are now seeking damages for a decision on the part of the Government to change its planning policy to restrict such developments.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In response to the mortgage crisis in Spain, the autonomous regions of Andalusia and Catalonia introduced progressive laws explicitly affirming the social function of housing and facilitating temporary expropriation of vacant housing. Catalonian legislation also prohibited foreclosures and evictions that would result in homelessness. Both of those regional initiatives were struck down by the Constitutional Court as encroaching on the jurisdiction of the national Government and opposing the general economic interests of the country. In response, at least in the case of Catalonia, the legislation was reintroduced with amendments and was passed by the Catalonian parliament.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- In carrying out the initiatives announced at the outset of his mandate, the Special Rapporteur received valuable support from a small team within the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva. That team helped him, on a daily basis, to reply to numerous invitations to events and requests to assist defenders at risk. They also assisted in analysing the legal and administrative frameworks that hinder and sometimes even criminalize the work of human rights defenders and helped to arrange many meetings with States and defenders who travelled to Geneva during the sessions of the Human Rights Council.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has decided that the present report should focus on the activities carried out between June 2014 and March 2017 (the period corresponding to his first mandate) to ensure that they are brought to the attention of the States and actors with which he has regularly engaged. This report is also an opportunity for the Special Rapporteur to give an account of his work to the many human rights defenders who, in complete confidence, have collaborated with him and his team over the past three years and, in some cases, exposed themselves to reprisals simply for having confided their tragic situations to him. The Special Rapporteur still recalls the words, expressions and smiles of the hundreds of defenders he met during those three years and feels responsible for the way in which the international community responds to their hopes and expectations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Since the start of his mandate, the Special Rapporteur has sought to acquire an in-depth understanding of the specific challenges faced by certain groups of defenders. Far from seeking to create categories of persons whose rights would be differentiated, he believed it was essential to analyse the causes and manifestations of the risks faced by some groups of defenders. This approach is essential to the task of proposing appropriate protection methods and providing better support to defenders working to promote fundamental rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In June 2016, the Special Rapporteur began to hold meetings with companies and business federations, including with extractive industries during his most recent trips, as announced at the outset of his mandate. He is pleased to note that many businesses are increasingly aware of the impact of their activities on human rights. Businesses, especially those working in the extractive and wood industries or with hydroelectric megaprojects, are often mentioned in cases of violence perpetrated against defenders. It therefore seems crucial to engage them in a frank and constructive dialogue with a view to helping them establish mechanisms to prevent the development of tragic situations in the field. Various options are being explored to improve defenders' participation in development projects and in the setting up of mechanisms for redress and remedies in case of violations. The Special Rapporteur plans to continue working on this topic; his next report on businesses will include practical recommendations to businesses and other stakeholders, such as States and national and international development institutions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, over the course of his discussions with persons on the ground, the Special Rapporteur came to realize that his reports on communications were largely passing unnoticed and were seldom used by defenders and the various stakeholders involved in protecting them. The Special Rapporteur therefore plans to take steps to ensure that these reports, whose contents are highly instructive, are made more accessible to key stakeholders. To that end, he intends to give thought to the question of how to improve the centralization of information by country and to facilitate the use of the information contained in the reports. The Peruvian defender César Estrada stated that: Between 2011 and 2015, my family and I lived through a very difficult period. Despite the protective measures made available by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which were not applied, we were constantly targeted by threats, murder attempts and repression. It was then that I made contact with Michel Forst and my situation became known well beyond my own country. His work as Special Rapporteur is extremely important for all defenders around the world.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- If the Special Rapporteur has the opportunity to continue his work under a second mandate, he will further such discussions and will explore additional options with the States involved, for instance, establishing a network of countries that have taken measures towards protecting human rights defenders. In that connection, he believes that it is important to facilitate opportunities for dialogue between States to foster the sharing of good practices and to improve follow-up on recommendations. He would also like to explore ideas such as the designation of focal points, in ministries and embassies, who would be tasked with monitoring the situation of human rights defenders, and the inclusion of a section on defenders in all reports submitted under the universal periodic review.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Because they have primary responsibility for protecting human rights defenders and for ensuring respect for human rights, States have been treated as privileged partners and the Special Rapporteur has sought to strengthen his relationships with them. During his mandate, he conducted four official visits (Burundi in 2014 and Australia, Azerbaijan and Hungary in 2016). He has repeatedly raised the difficulties encountered in setting up country visits, including the lack of responsiveness by States, as a result of which he conducted no official visits in 2015. The Special Rapporteur is already in discussion with the Government of Peru with a view to conducting an official visit during the second half of 2017. He has also sent visit requests to the authorities of Afghanistan, Israel, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Serbia and the State of Palestine, as well as to Kosovo.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has engaged in discussions with representatives of numerous countries during sessions of the Human Rights Council in Geneva and of the General Assembly in New York, as well as in the field when on academic assignment or upon invitation by regional defender networks. Thus, between 2014 and 2017, he met with representatives of Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, France, Germany, Honduras, Ireland, Mexico, Mongolia, Norway, Serbia, Sweden and the United States. Even though such meetings take place outside the framework of official country visits, the Special Rapporteur believes that they are no less essential in facilitating information-sharing and in strengthening the dialogue with his office. He extends thanks to the States that made their representatives available for such meetings and encourages the Governments of countries that receive similar requests to respond positively to them.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- According to José de Jesús Orozco, Rapporteur on human rights defenders of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: The mandate of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights regarding the situation of defenders highlights the crucial need for cooperation with the United Nations mandate holder on the issue of defenders. In addition to strengthening the roles of the two systems, such cooperation has underlined the need to redouble our efforts to promote and protect human rights in the Americas and to address, specifically, the plight of the defenders in the region. The result has been numerous joint initiatives, including public statements, meetings, thematic reports, activities in the field, regular information-sharing and the participation of the Special Rapporteur, Michel Forst, as an expert before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also intends to engage directly with businesses in cases where defenders are at risk or come under attack because of actions taken that relate to those businesses' corporate responsibility. It is essential to inform businesses, particularly parent companies, when such cases are referred to the Special Rapporteur, and to give them the opportunity to provide information on the steps that they themselves, as well as their affiliates and local contractors, have taken to remedy the situation. This is consistent with the search for systemic and long-term solutions for reducing risks for defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has also sought to enhance cooperation with the United Nations. He attended meetings and events organized by regional and country offices during his trips and was pleased to find partners in the field who appreciated his concerns and were willing to develop joint initiatives. The Special Rapporteur welcomes projects such as the Commentary to the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, which was compiled by regional and country offices of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Central and South America and to which he contributed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur appreciates the valuable cooperation of the European Union, with which he has carried out numerous activities. He met several times with the Working Party on Human Rights of the Council of the European Union and with the European Parliament. He also met with the delegations of the European Union during his visits to the field; it was during those meetings that he discussed the implementation of the European Union guidelines on human rights defenders. He thanks those delegations, which have provided assistance in a number of situations by facilitating interaction with civil society and with the most isolated defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Through his discussions with relevant stakeholders, the Special Rapporteur has been made aware of countless initiatives that offer practical solutions to defenders' problems, ranging from relocation programmes and national protection mechanisms to the establishment of national and regional networks. If given the opportunity to continue his work under a second mandate, the Special Rapporteur intends to further strengthen some of these initiatives, such as the cities of refuge network and regional and subregional defender networks. A number of these networks require additional support; the Special Rapporteur intends to provide capacity-building assistance to some of these networks, which have become essential in ending the isolation that defenders sometimes experience in the field and to take action when people are at risk.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- According to Salvatore Saguès, programme specialist at the International Organization of la Francophonie: During the period 2014 2017, the International Organization of la Francophonie further developed its collaboration with the Special Rapporteur through inter-mechanism meetings of defenders and other activities, which provided the Special Rapporteur with an opportunity to present his mission and working methods. We were then able to provide improved protection for defenders in the French-speaking world by helping them to better understand their rights and the risks that they face.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- It is not only the general public who is unfamiliar with the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders. During the Special Rapporteur's numerous discussions with defenders, many admitted that they themselves were unaware of or not sufficiently familiar with the Declaration. Too often, the Declaration is seen as abstract or is not understood by the people it was designed to protect. However, the Declaration is meaningful only if it is applied on a daily basis. The Special Rapporteur has therefore developed tools to clarify the contents of the Declaration and make it more accessible, using infographics and posters available online and in hard copy. The Declaration will soon be translated into several new languages and dialects, making it accessible to even more people.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur conducted a total of eight official country visits, to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cameroon, Iraq, Nigeria, the Republic of Moldova, Sri Lanka and Ukraine.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recognizes that the lack of a universally accepted legal definition of the term "minority" in international law may create inconsistencies. However, she also recalls that in the absence of a formal definition, the existence of a minority group can be assessed using objective and subjective criteria on the basis of international standards. Objective criteria include, inter alia, shared characteristics of the group such as ethnicity, national origin, culture, language or religion. Subjective criteria focus on the principle of self-identification and the desire to preserve the group identity. According to the principle of self-identification, individuals belonging to minority groups have the right to self-identify or not to self-identify as a minority. She further recalls that the existence of an ethnic, religious or linguistic minority in a given State does not depend upon a decision by that State but must be established by objective criteria. Moreover, the minority need not be nationals or citizens, or even permanent residents.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- It will be important in the future to consider bringing the Forum on Minority Issues into the various regions so members of minorities and NGOs who cannot afford to travel to Geneva will be able to contribute to the Forum's deliberations in their respective localities. It would also be desirable to extend the session for longer than two days so more participants could take the floor and the discussions could go deeper into the heart of the recommendations. Other challenges include the limited awareness of the Forum at regional and local levels and the lack of capacity to follow up on the implementation of its recommendations. Furthermore, it will be important to foster the ownership of the Forum's agenda by minorities themselves, to encourage focused and constructive participation of States and minority representatives, to strengthen the engagement of other United Nations bodies in the Forum and to promote a more interactive dialogue and discussion during its sessions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe