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Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- [It also considers four broad categories of management models:] Self-supply.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Beliefs that potions containing body parts of persons with albinism can help with relationship problems or restore peace in the family also exist. Further, it is believed that when used in a fragrance, hairs of persons with albinism can be useful for women who want to seduce white men, or for keeping employment. The use for good luck of perfumes or soaps made with body parts of persons with albinism was also reported.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- This seems to be a historical trend, as the nineteenth century Scottish missionary David Livingstone described the killing of a young boy with albinism by his mother: "the mother is said to have become tired of living apart from the father, who refused to have her while she retained their son. She took him out one day, and killed him close to the village of Mabotsa, and nothing was done to her by the authorities".
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Activities of the Working Group 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Racial stereotyping of people of African descent is taking place around the world and must be addressed as an unacceptable phenomenon. Stereotypes are the result of limited knowledge, misinterpretations, shortcomings of education and the negative portrayal of people of African descent in the media and works of art. For example, people of African descent are rarely present in films, and when they are present have secondary or supporting roles only.
- Organe
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- There is a witchcraft belief that the screams of a victim being attacked for muti or juju enhance the power of the body parts; hence victims are often hacked while alive. In addition, there is a witchcraft belief that the greater the innocence of the victim whose body parts are being used, the greater the potency of the potion or amulet. This renders children, already vulnerable to attacks, a preferred target.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Vision for the mandate 2016, para. 45a
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert intends to identify and consolidate the measures to end and prevent attacks to persons with albinism in consultation with States, civil society, international and regional bodies and agencies as well as other stakeholders. The specific measures identified will be based on those already identified, particularly those adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, namely:] Effective protection of persons with albinism and members of their families;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The question of whether to criminalize acts of witchcraft was examined by Philip Alston. After considering various arguments in favour of criminalization, including that local customs should be reflected in national law; that criminal law should protect against all types of violence, including violence committed by occult means; and that the failure of criminal law to address such acts leads individuals to take the law into their own hands to achieve what is popularly considered to be a just and fair result, he concluded that the weight of the arguments against criminalization was superior. Criminalization would reinforce the social stigmatization of those accused, and such a prohibition of witchcraft might be socially perceived as providing legitimacy to the killing and ill-treatment of alleged witches. In addition, the very subjective nature of witchcraft, illustrated by the difficulty of finding a clear definition of the concept and the impossibility of identifying objective factors as evidence to be weighed in a court of law were sufficient bases on which to conclude that acts of witchcraft as such should not be criminalized. This does not mean that criminal action becomes legitimate when committed for witchcraft purposes, but rather that a licit action should not be considered a criminal act because it is conducted for witchcraft purposes. Objective criminal acts should be prosecuted, regardless of their (mere or inextricable) link to witchcraft.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Second are the inherent limits of self-regulation, weak law enforcement and the absence of a far-reaching oversight mechanism for both urban and rural areas. Further, self-regulation by organizations of traditional healers have done little to prevent purported practitioners of traditional medicine from establishing themselves on their own, with no oversight at all. Weak enforcement of government licensing systems has also led to similar situations.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Since the adoption of the Convention, it is encouraging to note that many countries, including Argentina, Costa Rica, Czechia and Ireland, have revised their legal frameworks to recognize the right of persons with disabilities to access support to exercise legal capacity. In order to uphold a real paradigm shift, the implementation of supported decision-making systems must be accompanied by the abolishment of all substitute decision-making regimes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vision for the mandate 2016, para. 45e
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert intends to identify and consolidate the measures to end and prevent attacks to persons with albinism in consultation with States, civil society, international and regional bodies and agencies as well as other stakeholders. The specific measures identified will be based on those already identified, particularly those adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, namely:] Increased education and public awareness-raising activities;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In 2016, the Independent Expert, in collaboration with regional human rights mechanisms, launched a process towards the development of a regional action plan to address attacks against persons with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa. The action plan seeks to identify concrete measures for implementing recommendations made by various human rights and other bodies and to translate them into a concrete road map for action with time-bound measures.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right of persons with disabilities to participate in decision-making 2016, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- It is of concern that, in some countries, representative organizations of persons with disabilities that are truly independent lack a real space for operation and participation, whereas government-sponsored organizations can operate freely. States must refrain from requiring a legal entity to be established or an organization for persons with disabilities to be registered as a precondition to the exercise of freedom of association.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Vision for the mandate 2016, para. 45c
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert intends to identify and consolidate the measures to end and prevent attacks to persons with albinism in consultation with States, civil society, international and regional bodies and agencies as well as other stakeholders. The specific measures identified will be based on those already identified, particularly those adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, namely:] Prosecution of perpetrators of attacks against persons with albinism;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 46b
- Paragraph text
- [Accordingly, to be regarded as harmful, practices should meet any or a combination of the following criteria:] They constitute discrimination against women or children and are harmful insofar as they result in negative consequences for them as individuals or groups, including physical, psychological, economic and social harm and/or violence and limitations on their capacity to participate fully in society or develop and reach their full potential;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right of persons with disabilities to social protection 2015, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, social protection programmes can enhance the productivity, employability and economic development of persons with disabilities and therefore contribute to their income security. Well-designed programmes can help to remove social and economic barriers that impede access to employment, and to secure access to capital and skill development programmes, thus creating better income - earning opportunities for persons with disabilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In 2012 and 2013, the Working Group will address the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice in the context of political and public life, with a focus on times of political transition. The Working Group's research on this topic will inform its annual report to the Human Rights Council in 2013 and the compendium of good practices that it is expected to complete by the end of its three-year mandate.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Vision for the mandate 2016, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Yet, there are several effective ways to prevent skin cancer, including the use of sun protection cream, which is topically applied, or wearing sun-protective clothing with long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses. Given the accessibility and effectiveness of protective clothing, skin cancer could be significantly prevented at little cost with the right level of public education and early intervention programmes targeting persons with albinism and their families.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Although both children and adults are victims of attacks for the removal of body parts, civil society reports that children constitute the majority of victims. The apparent targeting of children is reportedly linked to the pursuit of innocence, which is believed to enhance the potency of the muti or juju. Further, children are more vulnerable to attacks because they are easy to find and capture and do not have the physical strength to fend off attackers.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, there is a need to recover and acknowledge the personal experience of impairment that informs the support needs that persons with disabilities have in order to participate in society, experiences that may have been rendered marginal in the disability-rights debate. The acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity should influence the way societies perceive and respond to individuals' support requirements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right of persons with disabilities to participate in decision-making 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- States must consult and engage with representative organizations of persons with disabilities in good faith. This is a basic principle of good governance and international law, as stated in Article 2 (2) of the Charter of the United Nations. The principle of good faith requires parties to deal honestly and fairly with each other, represent their motives and purposes truthfully, and refrain from taking any unfair advantage.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Transitional justice mechanisms should provide accountability for gross violations of human rights affecting women, a comprehensive analysis of gender-based violence and abuse by past regimes, the means for transformative reparations for women victims, and the foundation for a gender-responsive reform of the political and legal institutions as part of the guarantee of non-recurrence.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice will incorporate this conceptual framework in developing its dialogue with States and other stakeholders on eliminating discriminatory laws, on implementing and improving existing legislation on equality and human rights, and on ways and means to achieve greater progress on gender equality and women's empowerment.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The State has an obligation to punish and to put an end to impunity and excuses or justification that perpetuate gender-based discrimination in cultural and family life. The State also has an obligation to afford redress for the harm suffered by women, including by providing for compensation, restitution, guarantees of non-repetition and even preventive measures.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Economically disadvantaged women who do not have the means to access private health care and services are disparately affected by barriers created by unaffordability. It is therefore important for States to ensure that all health care is affordable and to remove legal restrictions that in effect discriminate against women who are economically disadvantaged.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with international human rights treaties, States are responsible for providing resources to ensure the enjoyment of human rights. Providing the necessary resources for the enjoyment of the right to education is all the more important, given that the enjoyment of this right is essential for the exercise of all other human rights. It deserves high priority in public investment, as both the individual and society are its beneficiaries.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that they do not restrict individuals' access to appropriate services and necessary information and must remove social and regulatory barriers to information on sexual and reproductive health and health care, as stated in the Cairo Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. In any event, the parents and other legal guardians of students must also provide appropriate direction and guidance on sexual and reproductive matters.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Through law reforms promoted in the context of the Education for All process, one can witness the emergence of the right to basic education in continuum with the right to primary education in national legal frameworks. As a result, States recognize their duty to guarantee universal access to basic education. The 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, for example, called on all Commonwealth countries to commit further resources to basic education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Other groups vulnerable to limited opportunities in education and requiring targeted support include persons with disabilities, children living in the street or without parental care, migrant workers and their families, refugees, internally displaced persons and those affected by natural disasters or conflict. Moreover, nomad populations, including pastoral populations who remain deprived of equal opportunities in education, deserve special attention, especially in Africa.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- A human rights-based approach imparts strength and legitimacy to the development agenda and provides a firm foundation for action at the national level. The adoption of a human rights perspective to the development agenda implies, among other things, a careful screening of national legal instruments that frame educational systems and policies in countries, linking political commitments of Governments to the international obligations under human rights law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- That Committee continually calls upon States parties to implement sexual education programmes and has recommended the expansion of sexual and reproductive health programmes as a necessary means of addressing high abortion and maternal mortality rates. It has encouraged States parties to provide systematic sexual education in schools and has specifically called for increased efforts to prevent adolescent pregnancies, including educating children about responsible partnerships and parenthood.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Some constitutions establish a minimum level of resources that must be committed to education as a proportion of tax revenues. The Constitution of Brazil provides in article 212 that "the Union shall apply annually not less than 18 per cent of its tax revenues, and the States, the Federal District, and Counties at least 25 per cent of the tax revenues, including revenues resulting from transfers, for the maintenance and development of education".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The lack of support for transportation and inadequate facilities can also be a determinant factor in the exclusion of students with disabilities from education systems. Inadequate public transportation and poor infrastructure in rural and urban areas still impede access to schools for persons with mobility restrictions and those who have impaired vision. Within schools, inadequately built classrooms and toilets can also restrict their use by students with disabilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- As the report of the High-level Panel states, national Governments have the central role and responsibility "to translate the vision and goals of the post-2015 [development] agenda into practical reality" and "local authorities form a vital bridge between national Governments, communities and citizens", who will all have a critical role in a new global partnership. The report also states that each partner in the global partnership has a specific role to play.3
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Public investment in education is all the more important since education, of which both the individual and society are beneficiaries, is a foundation for human development. As the above-mentioned OXFAM briefing paper (see para. 66) has warned, "Developing countries are at the greatest risk of rocketing poverty and inequality due to stagnating public spending on public services", including education, and "Austerity is a medicine that could kill the patient".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The impact of public-private partnerships on education needs careful consideration. Key issues include: whether it results in public disinvestment in education to the advantage of private sector; whether it is an abdication of State responsibility to meet its obligation to provide quality public education to all its citizens; the repercussions on education as a public good; and whether it is undermining the norms and principles of the right to education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- It is important that States carefully enforce laws, rules and regulations through monitoring and enforcement. Governments should strengthen national human rights mechanisms or ombudspersons so that they function with a reinforced mandate. Moreover, parliamentarians have a crucial role to play in monitoring public-private partnerships, not only in adopting laws, but also in taking up questions related to the enforcement of laws, rules and regulations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the concept was further enriched by the European Commission in its communication on making a European area of lifelong learning a reality. In May 2015, the European Commission announced a sharpened set of priorities for European cooperation in education and training. New priority areas for Education and Training 2020 are underpinned by the lifelong learning concept covering learning in all contexts, whether formal, non-formal or informal, and at all levels.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Under the overall role of State authorities, the social partners as stakeholders have a shared responsibility as regards financial support for providing opportunities for lifelong learning. In the field of technical and vocational education and training, industry partners can share that responsibility, either directly through co-sponsorship of schools or programmes or indirectly by contributing teaching resources, traineeships or job placement programmes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- A disproportionate amount of unpaid care work falls on women, limiting women's capacity to engage in paid work. This is evidenced in empirical studies which show that women, whether or not they are in paid employment, spend between twice to four times the amount of hours on care functions than do men. Up to 90 per cent of home care due to illness is performed by women and girls.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- It is important to recall that the use of effective contraception can result in lowering the incidence of unintended pregnancy. However, contraception cannot eliminate women's need for access to termination of pregnancy, for example in the case of rape. In addition, no method of contraception is 100 per cent effective in preventing pregnancy.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In the Special Rapporteur's view, sexual education constitutes a domain in which rights are exercised and, consequently, in which they can also be violated. An example of this is the violence suffered by women subjected to genital mutilation, an aberrant practice supposedly justified by tradition that constitutes a terrible act of violence and violation against women, who find themselves invaded and mutilated and whose physical integrity, health and right to pleasure are denied.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. (d)
- Paragraph text
- Establishing minimum quality standards for education: The impact of recent expansion of enrolment in schools in many countries is seriously compromised by the deterioration in the quality of education that schools currently provide. The Special Rapporteur intends to pay attention to the development and implementation of norms for quality education - both for public and private schools - with a focus on improving the conditions of the teaching profession and learning outcomes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- As detailed below, many countries have adopted new laws, policies and strategies, recognizing the empowering role of technical and vocational education and training in people's lives and in socioeconomic development. "The 21st century's need for new skills to match advances in information, communication and technology has initiated the return of TVET to the international agenda", as evidenced by multiple initiatives at national and international levels.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, a recent decision by the Supreme Court of Nepal issued a verdict demanding that educational authorities devise reform programmes to regulate private schools – regulating fees, prohibiting the sale of unregistered and over-priced textbooks, and limiting the number of private schools gaining accreditation. Exorbitant fees charged by private providers of education are causing greater social and economic disparity between working and middle classes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- A student-centred system of education and evaluation would include a detailed assessment record of each student's progress through the curriculum. While not all students progress at the same rate, a personalized assessment allows teachers, teaching assistants or even student mentors in a higher grade to provide support so that each student completes each module in the curriculum without suffering from the social stigma associated with being held back.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Policies in the areas of standardized tests and curricula, pedagogy and teacher evaluation are also increasingly being promoted and literally "sold" to Governments in both the global North and South by international institutions and education corporations and foundations, among other private actors. Along with the preparation and supply of learning materials, those policies affect the content and delivery of education, impinging on its very objectives.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The State remains primarily responsible for education on account of international legal obligations and cannot divest itself of its core public service functions. As the Supreme Court of the United States of America stated in the historic judgement in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), "providing public schools ranks at the very apex of the function of a State" and "education is perhaps the most important function of State and local governments".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The communication of the European Commission on making a European area of lifelong learning a reality reflects social responsibility for lifelong learning. It depicts the roles and responsibilities of various actors: public authorities, social partners, learning providers, community and voluntary groups and individuals. As relevant stakeholders, they should work together in partnerships reflecting "the shared benefits of, and responsibility for, lifelong learning".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The Accessible Books Consortium (a multi-stakeholder partnership comprising the World Intellectual Property Organization, organizations that serve people with print disabilities and organizations representing publishers and authors) is converting books into formats to make them available to people who are blind, have low vision or are otherwise print disabled. Such partnerships should be encouraged to ensure human rights in education are met.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The obligation of the State to protect women and girls' right to equality in the family compels the authorities to prevent discrimination by private actors. Due diligence as a principle of State action should result in a global model of prevention, protection, prosecution, punishment and redress for acts of discrimination and violence against women in cultural and family life.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Criminalization of behaviour that is attributed only to women is discriminatory per se and generates and perpetuates stigma. The threat of criminal punishment restricts women's access to sexual and reproductive health-care services and information and acts as a deterrent to health-care professionals, thus barring women's and girls' access to health-care services.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In the Asia-Pacific region, sexual education tends to be provided via subjects such as biology, science and health. All the countries of the region claim that HIV education is included at the secondary level; six of them claim that it is included at the primary level and 13 include it in teacher training. However, in some countries of the region, sexual education is limited to its biological or moral aspects, ignoring the broad range of areas in which it affects people's lives.51
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The present report focuses only on financing education through public resources. However, it is clear that the private sector can complement State initiatives in providing education by entering into partnerships with Governments for equitably sharing responsibilities. It should, however, be ensured that such partnerships operate within a legal framework that requires full compliance with human rights norms and with standards of quality education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In most countries, technical and vocational education and training often falls under ministries responsible for education, labour or science, although some specific vocational training programmes (e.g., agriculture, health and transport) fall under the supervision of other line ministries. All concerned ministries and departments should have a role and responsibility for mobilizing resources for technical and vocational education and training.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The Supreme Court of India has interpreted the provisions on equality before the law in article 14 of India’s Constitution to promote equality in both law and fact. A Constitutional Bench of the Indian Supreme Court held that “What is fundamental, as an enduring value of our polity, is guarantee to each of equal opportunity to unfold the full potential of his personality”. Several other cases show how equality of opportunity in education can be safeguarded by courts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- National assessment systems should evaluate how human rights values and knowledge have been acquired by students. Performance tests should be devised to assess the extent to which students have incorporated those values into their understanding, commitment and day-to-day behaviour patterns. This constitutes a response to rising levels of violence in many schools, a phenomenon which deserves consideration in assessing school-based evaluations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Many examples of philanthropy exist. For example, the Azim Premji Foundation in India cooperates with the Government in expanding education opportunities in the country. The Fondation nationale des sciences politiques in France is another example of public-private partnerships in education serving the public purpose. Engaged in imparting quality and excellence in education, it also involves private support, serving education as a social cause rather than a commercial pursuit.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Promoting for-profit education, the International Finance Corporation considers laws as financial hurdles and provides guidance to private providers of education to be "very profitable and flourishing enterprises". This is blatantly disrespectful of the human rights obligations of international bodies, including the World Bank, as described in general comment No. 13 (1999) on the right to education of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- By the end of the 1980s, the idea of a "right to learn" emerged as distinct from that of the "right to education". The Fourth International Conference on Adult Education, held in Paris in 1985, adopted a declaration on the right to learn. Its importance was underlined by the fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Hamburg, 1997), which declared that "the recognition of the right to education and the right to learn throughout life is more than ever a necessity".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- A cost-sharing approach makes good sense under the principle that those who benefit should also pay. Learners will be motivated to make better choices when they are required to contribute to the cost of their education and training. Technical and vocational education and training programmes that provide learners with the skills needed by industry and for gainful employment can be so devised as to allow learners to repay their education and training costs.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. (e)
- Paragraph text
- Regulating private education: Private, religious or community schools comprise an important proportion of education systems around the world. With the limited capacity of public systems in some countries, private schools become the dominant source of education. The Special Rapporteur intends to examine standards and mechanisms that ensure all non-public educational entities comply with standards of human rights law and the objectives of human rights generally.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In 2002, the Global Partnership for Education, comprised of donors and developing countries, was launched as the Education For All Fast Track Initiative (FTI) to ensure accelerated progress towards universal primary education by 2015 and other EFA goals. The initiative proposes indicative international standards, such as an average pupil-teacher ratio of 40:1; annual instruction time of 850-1,000 hours and an average teacher salary of 3.5 x GDP per capita.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- A number of scholars have critically examined the neoliberal model of schooling, which is characterized by "State withdrawal in favour of privatization" with "market-anchored conceptions of schooling" and engineers and legitimizes a departure from decades of the welfare State. Civil society organizations have also expressed concern about the profound impact of privatization in education globally as a key emerging issue regarding the realization of the right to education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In its resolution 1.1 on privatization and commercialization in and of education, the seventh World Congress of Education International, held in Ottawa in July 2015, deplored the fact that, in many countries, Governments had abrogated their core responsibility to ensure the right to education for all through a fully accountable free, quality public education system and were increasingly turning to partnering with, or subsidizing, private actors to deliver education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Qualified and trained teachers are essential for ensuring quality. As recognized in the joint UNESCO-International Labour Organization recommendation concerning the status of teachers (1966), "advance in education depends largely on the qualifications and ability of the teaching staff in general and on the human, pedagogical and technical qualities of the individual teachers". However, "some forms of PPPs frequently employ personnel who lack training and/or qualifications".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Privatization widens disparities in access to education. Private providers disregard the fundamental principle of equality of opportunity in education common to almost all international human rights treaties (A/HRC/17/29 and Corr.1). Inequalities in opportunities for education will be exacerbated by the growth of unregulated private providers of education, with economic condition, wealth or property becoming the most important criterion in access to education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Developing continuing education and building a lifelong education and training system that benefits all people, with open sharing of education resources, is the objective of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) of China. A national plan for modernizing the national education system is aimed at building a basic framework for lifelong education, so that everyone can be taught what they want to learn, excel at what they learn, and put what they have learned to use.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The increasing privatization of fee-paying, for-profit schools in Morocco, for example, entails discrimination and inequalities in education for disadvantaged children by creating a system that favours the "haves" over the "have-nots", with the risk of developing a two-speed education system. Besides, research shows that the scheme of "vouchers purported to provide economically disadvantaged parents the means to select a private school in fact promotes group differentiation".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Massive open online courses, portrayed as an alternative path to gaining access to higher education, can also involve "creating partnerships between educational institutions in developed and developing countries, Governments, development agencies, or the private sector". However, the commercial interests of providers, which enable them to "enter the higher education market using a [massive open online courses approach]", can be the raison d'être for offering such courses.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- An important role devolves on public-private partnerships in education in the field of technical and vocational education and training. Skills development programmes in that field necessarily involve close collaboration with industry and enterprises. The Special Rapporteur considers that this area has not received consideration commensurate with its importance in the context of public-private partnerships. It calls for much greater recognition and focus.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- For-profit education is illegal in some countries where the provision of basic education is a constitutional obligation, as in Brazil and South Africa. The Special Rapporteur would like to commend all those countries where for-profit education is forbidden and to appeal to all countries to abolish for-profit education. He considers that it is crucial to generalize this abolition in legislation and public policies, and to establish effective oversight mechanisms.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes the considerable attention being given to developing "a national qualifications framework" for "the assessment, certification and recognition" of skills and competencies acquired in the course of lifelong learning. The establishment of national qualifications frameworks and the adoption of national assessment systems for learning achievements in multiple settings denote the value attached to the pursuit of lifelong learning.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The pressures referred to above exacerbate conflicts over land and lead to a worrisome criminalization of social movements aimed at carrying out agrarian reforms "from below", including by claiming land that is unused and, in their view, should be distributed more equitably. As a result, serious violations of a range of human rights occur, including murders of peasants connected to such activities, which the Special Rapporteur has documented in a number of communications to States. But the increased pressures on land are also a source of concern because of the weak protection of those who depend most on the land for their survival: smallholders, traditional fisherfolk, pastoralists and peoples (including indigenous and tribal peoples) that rely on the products of the forest. The present report first addresses the situation of indigenous peoples, which is specific insofar as the right of such peoples to have their lands demarcated and protected is recognized under international law. It then considers the position of smallholders, who cultivate the land in conditions that are often insufficiently secure, and that of other land users, such as fisherfolk, pastoralists and herders, who are particularly dependent on commons. The key message is that, while security of tenure is important and should be seen as crucial to the realization of the right to food, individual titling and the creation of a market for land rights may not be the most appropriate means to achieve it.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food was established by the Commission on Human Rights in resolution 2000/10. In September 2007, the Human Rights Council, in resolution 6/2, reviewed and extended the mandate for three years. In resolution 6/2, the Council instructed the Special Rapporteur to: (a) promote the full realization of the right to food and the adoption of measures at the national, regional and international levels for the realization of the right to food; (b) examine ways and means of overcoming obstacles to the realization of the right to food; (c) continue mainstreaming a gender perspective and take into account an age dimension in the fulfilment of the mandate; (d) submit proposals that could help the realization of Millennium Development Goal 1; (e) present recommendations on possible steps towards achieving progressively the full realization of the right to food; (f) work in close cooperation with all States, intergovernmental and non governmental organizations, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and other relevant actors to take fully into account the need to promote the effective realization of the right to food for all; and (g) continue participating in and contributing to relevant international conferences and events with the aim of promoting the realization of the right to food. The mandate of the Special Rapporteur was subsequently endorsed by the Council in resolutions 13/4 and 22/9, renewing the mandate for periods of three years.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Access to justice and the right to food: the way forward 2015, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Article 2 of the Optional Protocol requires that authors of communications must be under the jurisdiction of the State party responsible for the violation, and that the State must have ratified both the Covenant and the Optional Protocol. However, the Covenant indicates no restriction to territorial jurisdiction and it will remain to be seen whether the cases to be examined under the Optional Protocol concentrate principally on the territorial link.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Leaders at the Conference also recognized the importance of integrating their political commitments with the post-2015 development agenda and of anchoring nutrition targets in the Sustainable Development Goals. The Goals have a universal character and cannot be achieved without special attention to nutrition. While Goal 2 explicitly refers to "nutrition" and Goal 3 to non-communicable diseases, nutrition is arguably interwoven within all 17 Goals, as well as 50 indicators.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Prior to that, principle 22 in the second pillar states that where businesses identify that they have caused or contributed to adverse human rights impacts, they should provide for or cooperate in their remediation through legitimate processes. Where businesses have not caused or contributed to harm but it is directly linked to their operations, products or services by a business relationship, they are encouraged to take a role in providing remediation. In terms of operational principles under the third pillar, the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, call on companies to establish or to participate in effective operational-level grievance mechanisms for those adversely impacted by them, so that grievances can be addressed early and remediated directly (principle 29). Such mechanisms are typically administered by enterprises, alone or in collaboration with other relevant stakeholders. They can be important complements to wider stakeholder engagement and collective bargaining processes, but cannot substitute for either, and can also make it possible to prevent harm from compounding or escalating. To ensure their effectiveness, the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights state that the operational-level grievance mechanisms should be legitimate, accessible, predictable, equitable, transparent, rights-compatible, a source of continuous learning, and based on engagement and dialogue (principle 31). There are already some good practice examples of operational-level grievance mechanisms.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The remarkable progress achieved over the past decade in Latin America is the result of the combined efforts of civil society, social movements, parliamentarians and national human rights institutions. FAO support to the Hunger-Free Latin America and the Caribbean Initiative played a major role, together with the support given to this process by the FAO Right to Food Unit and OHCHR, including through its country and subregional offices in the region.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The transformative potential of the right to food 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- As noted above, these developments have come at a high ecological cost. Due to the links between agriculture, diets and health, they also impose a considerable burden on health-care systems. They have led, finally, to the depopulation of rural areas. Yet, because these different components of the food systems shaped during the past half-century have strengthened one another, they have become lock-ins, seemingly blocking any real transformative possibilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- In its general comment No. 12, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights views the right to adequate food to imply food "free from adverse substances" (para. 8), which "sets requirements for food safety and for a range of protective measures by both public and private means … at different stages throughout the food chain" (para. 10). Considering the adverse health impacts, "food safety" should be interpreted to include the nutritional value of food products.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Since 2011, Armenia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Kenya, Kuwait, South Africa and Viet Nam have adopted comprehensive measures to incorporate all of the International Code provisions, sometimes even going beyond its minimum standards. The proportion of countries with comprehensive legislation on the Code is highest in South-East Asia, followed by Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean, while the Americas, Western Pacific and European regions have the lowest proportions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The use of shackles and handcuffs on pregnant women during labour and immediately after childbirth is absolutely prohibited and representative of the failure of the prison system to adapt protocols to unique situations faced by women (A/HRC/17/26/Add.5 and Corr.1). When used for punishment or coercion, for any reason based on discrimination or to cause severe pain, including by posing serious threats to health, such treatment can amount to torture or ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Even when women successfully earn income to support their families, men often respond by withdrawing their contribution to the household budget in order to purchase luxuries. A recent study in Nicaragua showed that if mothers contributed considerably to household income the likelihood of moderate and severe food insecurity decreased by 34 percent, and, if mothers were the main decision-makers over household income this decrease amounted to 60 percent.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- It is unclear whether these efforts are well guided. First, while illegal, unreported and unregulated industrial fishing is a problem, most of the catch of small-scale fishers goes unreported. Analogizing these catches to illegal fishing underestimates their role in contributing to food security and does not encourage the fishers concerned to shift to more responsible practices. Approaches to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing should also acknowledge the function of fishing as an occasional activity for some coastal communities (including inland coastal communities), where it is an essential safety net in times of crisis. Second, the current approaches are not particularly effective in reducing illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing because of capacity gaps and weak governance in developing countries and lack of commitment by home countries of distant-water fishing fleets in investigating and prosecuting fishing firms abroad. Third, the structural causes of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, such as overcapacity in the world's fishing fleet and inadequate support for communities who depend on fishing for their livelihoods, remain unaddressed. Without access to adequate social protection, without fair prices or if they are priced out of approaches based on the allocation of fishing rights through licences, these communities are not in a position to participate in regimes that seek to reduce overfishing or to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Such framework laws may set targets for Governments to achieve, allocating responsibilities for taking action to different branches of government and coordinating their action. Typically, however, these framework laws are procedural in nature: they establish institutions and define a process, without prejudging the outcome, and leaving it to the actors involved to design a cross-sectoral right to food strategy. These framework laws ensure that such strategies are designed and continuously monitored through an inclusive and participatory process involving government and civil society organizations. They do so by establishing national food security councils, often linked to the highest level of government and including as members both representatives from relevant ministerial departments and civil society. It is not unusual for such councils to provide recommendations to an interministerial task force, ensuring intersectoral coordination across departments. In Brazil, the National Council on Food and Nutrition Security, two thirds of the members of which represent civil society organizations, has a consultative nature, addressing recommendations to the Inter-Ministry Chamber of Food and Nutrition Security, the interdepartmental task force in charge of implementing the national food security strategy (see A/HRC/13/33/Add.6, para. 14). In other countries, such as Guatemala and Ecuador, the body can make binding decisions (for Guatemala, see A/HRC/13/33/Add.4).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- An increase of just 1°C in temperature can have devastating impacts on crop yields and the ability to maintain current levels of agricultural production. Currently, negotiations within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are limiting projections to an increase of 2°C. However, this is not adequate, given that in some regions, including sub-Saharan Africa, summer temperatures are projected to reach 5°C above the baseline temperature by 2100.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Some countries, such as Australia, the Republic of Korea and the United States, require restaurant chains to include information on energy and nutrient content or warning labels on sodium content. Clear standards are also needed on the use of nutrition and health claims to prevent consumers from being misled. In the United States, public demand for increased transparency has led to several attempts to implement mandatory-labelling schemes for genetically engineered foods.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Second, the means by which economic and social rights are to be realized needs to be highly sensitive to national specificities: just as proponents of the Covenant have recognized that dimension, so too is the Initiative built upon assumptions of national ownership. By the same token, there have been compelling arguments made for the need to pay much more attention in future to local or indigenous mutual support systems and institutions in the area of social protection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Societal indifference to or even support for the subordinate status of women, together with the existence of discriminatory laws and patterns of State failure to punish perpetrators and protect victims, create conditions under which women may be subjected to systematic physical and mental suffering, despite their apparent freedom to resist. In this context, State acquiescence in domestic violence can take many forms, some of which may be subtly disguised (A/HRC/7/3). States' condoning of and tolerant attitude towards domestic violence, as evidenced by discriminatory judicial ineffectiveness, notably a failure to investigate, prosecute and punish perpetrators, can create a climate that is conducive to domestic violence and constitutes an ongoing denial of justice to victims amounting to a continuous human rights violation by the State. In cases where States are or ought to be aware of patterns of continuous and serious abuse in a particular region or community, due diligence obligations require taking reasonable measures to alter outcomes and mitigate harms, ranging from the strengthening of domestic laws and their implementation to effective criminal proceedings and other protective and deterrent measures in individual cases. Domestic violence legislation and community support systems must in turn be matched by adequate enforcement. Special attention must be paid to religious or customary law courts that may tend to downplay and inadequately address domestic violence (A/HRC/29/40).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Studies in developed countries show that annual acute pesticide poisoning affects nearly 1 in every 5,000 agricultural workers. Globally, however, it is unknown what percentage of farmworkers experience acute pesticide poisoning owing to a lack of standardized reporting. Poor enforcement of labour regulations and lack of health and safety training can elevate exposure risks, while many Governments lack the infrastructure and resources to regulate and monitor pesticides.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Attacks against journalists may be perpetrated by a range of actors - State or non-State - such as organized crime groups, terrorist groups, security forces or militia. Journalists are placed at risk of attack for documenting and disseminating information deemed to be "inconvenient," including on human rights violations, environmental issues, corruption, organized crime, drug trafficking, public crises, emergencies or public demonstrations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right to access information 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The set of principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity, as updated in 2005 by the independent expert appointed for that purpose (A/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1), also spells out the obligations of States to inform society of what has happened and recognizes the inalienable right of every people to know the truth (principle 2), emphasizing also the preservation and facilitation of access to archives (principles 14 and 15).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The right to seek information set out in article 13, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child has often been associated with the right to access to information, in particular information held by public authorities. This right is also closely related to the provisions of article 17 of the Convention, which aims to ensure that children have access to information and material from a diversity of national and international sources.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The obligation to respect requires that the State refrain from interfering with the existing levels of enjoyment of the right to food and that it guarantee existing entitlements, for instance, by ensuring that those who produce their own food be secure in their access to the resources, including land and water, on which they depend, or by ensuring that those who could have access to income-generating activities allowing them to purchase food are not denied such access.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The threat posed by climate change to fresh water supplies, combined with the overuse of water in agriculture, is having a detrimental impact on food security. The consequent effects on food production are significant, putting the livelihoods of rural communities and the food security of city dwellers at risk. With the global population expected to increase to 9.5 billion by 2050, the world's food calorie production will need to increase by 68 per cent in order to meet growing demand.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Access to justice and the right to food: the way forward 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- While on the whole European countries have been more reluctant to accept the justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights, there have been some significant cases. For example, in the 2012 German Federal Constitutional Court judgment 1 BvL 10/10, the court ruled on whether cash benefits for asylum seekers provided by the Asylum Seekers Benefit Act were compatible with its Constitution. The court relied on earlier decisions to reiterate that the State is under an obligation to ensure a "dignified minimum existence", defined as a "comprehensive fundamental rights guarantee" which includes access to food, clothing, household items, housing, heating, hygiene health and social assistance to persons in need. The benefits awarded to the asylum seekers under the law in question were deemed insufficient to guarantee a dignified minimum existence. The court also reaffirmed that benefits must be calculated on the basis of "real and actual needs" and thus be measured realistically. The court noted that the benefits prescribed under the Asylum Seekers Benefit Act had not increased since 1993, even though the cost of living in Germany had risen by 30 per cent in that period. As a result, a number of provisions of the act were declared unconstitutional. The court ordered the enactment of new legislation that would ensure a dignified minimum standard of living and introduced a transitional scheme that would provide higher cash benefits in the interim.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Today's nutrition governance also lacks effective mechanisms to regulate private sector involvement in nutrition programmes. The corporate influence on national and international food and nutrition policy spaces has become increasingly visible as programmes seek multi-stakeholder arrangements. Both the Sustainable Development Goals and the Second International Conference on Nutrition mention the importance of "multi-stakeholder partnerships" with private sector participation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Despite the various measures taken to eradicate the worst forms of child labour from the carpet industry, these forms were reported to continue to exist in handmade carpet production units in South Asia, in which carpets are produced for export mainly to the United States of America. Various studies have reported the existence of contemporary forms of slavery and labour exploitation in the construction industry and forced labour in the manufacturing of electronic goods has also been the subject of recent research.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Disadvantages for women in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors undermine their right to food. Women's income possibilities are more constrained than men's; the women's participation in the labour force is lower than men on a global scale - 70 percent of working age men are in the labour force compared to only 40 percent of working age women and the labour force participation rates have stagnated around the world in the past two decades.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Hate speech and incitement to hatred 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Many of the efforts that Governments are currently making to combat hate speech are, however, misguided. These include requests by Governments to intermediaries to screen and remove user content, registration requirements to identify users' real names and arbitrary blocking of websites. In addition, vaguely worded and ambiguous laws with disproportionate sanctions are frequently used to silence criticism and legitimate political expression, as highlighted in section II.C. While laws prohibiting incitement to hatred in accordance with international human rights law are necessary and required to tackle the phenomenon of hate speech, the human sentiment of hatred cannot be eliminated by legal prohibition alone, and the deterrent effect of such laws is not absolute, given that radical perpetrators often seek prosecution as a means to obtain access to the mainstream media to promote their ideas. Moreover, when an attempt to prosecute fails, for example where some forms of hate speech do not meet the threshold of incitement to violence, hostility or discrimination (such as bullying and offensive speech that do not incite any acts), there is a risk that that failure would be used as proof of endorsement of the speech, even though such speech merits condemnation. Furthermore, with regard to hate speech on the Internet, both the sheer volume of content posted every day and the cross-boundary nature of the medium considerably complicate effective implementation of the law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right to access information 2013, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In 2011, in establishing a specific mandate to monitor the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence, the Human Rights Council emphasized the importance of a comprehensive approach incorporating the full range of judicial and non-judicial measures in order to, among other things, ensure accountability, serve justice, provide remedies to victims, and promote healing and reconciliation (Human Rights Council resolution 18/7).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The implications of States’ surveillance of communications on the exercise of the human rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression 2013, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Innovations in technology have facilitated increased possibilities for communication and freedom of expression, enabling anonymity, rapid information sharing, and cross-cultural dialogues. At the same time, changes in technologies have also provided new opportunities for State surveillance and intervention into individuals' private lives.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Restrictions on the content of school curricula may also affect children's access to diverse sources of information. In this regard, the banning of books and teaching materials containing ideas that run counter to those supported by the school administration is another concern. In the 1982 case Board of Education v. Pico, for example, a court in the United States ruled that books could not be removed from school libraries for ideological reasons.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur refers to the declaration adopted at the sixth BRICS summit, held in Fortaleza, Brazil, from 14 to 16 July 2014, in which the signatories agreed that the use and development of information and communications technologies through international cooperation and universally accepted norms and principles of international law is of paramount importance in order to ensure a peaceful, secure and open digital and Internet space.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Women’s right and the right to food 2013, para. 27a
- Paragraph text
- Women may choose not to participate in such programmes because of the heavy demands it would impose on them and the difficulties they may have in reconciling the work with their responsibilities in the "care" economy. A system of quotas may be ineffective to address this. The difficulties women may face to participate in public works programmes should therefore be taken into account: their responsibilities in the "care" economy should be recognized and accommodation measures should be adopted. Furthermore, work schedules should take into account the specific time constraints faced by women, and institutionalized child care should be implemented to attract more women. Where child care at the work site is under the responsibility of women who are labour-constrained, because of age or disability, this can further increase the opportunities the programme offers to women. Thus, the MGNREGA includes a provision that "in the event that there are at least five children under the age of six at the worksite, one of the female workers shall be deputed to look after them and paid the same wage as other NREGA workers." However, the implementation of this clause remains highly uneven as most women joining the programme are discouraged from bringing their children to work, and a social audit of the implementation of MGNREGA revealed that 70 per cent of the women interviewed had no access to child-care facilities on the worksite, while 65 per cent were not aware of this provision in the Act.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Significant political, legal and judicial initiatives have been taken with a view to the next round of climate negotiations to take place in Paris. For instance, a recent study involving 66 countries found that most jurisdictions have taken important legislative steps to mitigate climate change. However, despite the fact that a considerable number of climate change-related laws and regulations have been adopted in several regions, they have rarely been enforced.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Trade liberalization and foreign direct investment (FDI) by transnational corporations in the processed food industry have played a large role in increasing the availability of ultraprocessed foods on the global market. The removal of policies to protect domestic markets has strongly affected the increase in production of certain unhealthy foods, as well as their availability and cost. Countries that embrace market deregulation experience a faster increase in unhealthy food consumption.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- For the past several years, the international community has been heavily focused on, and invested in, the process of drafting development goals for the post-2015 development agenda. On 19 July 2014, the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals released its proposals. For all the immense time and energy expended by proponents of both human rights and the Social Protection Floor Initiative, the results to date are stunningly meagre. Human rights as such have been thoroughly marginalized. There is a token nod in their direction in paragraph 7 of the draft outcome document of the Open Working Group, although rather than underlining their relevance to development, the paragraph merely records the fact that in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, "The future we want", adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 66/288, "the importance of freedom, peace and security, respect for all human rights, including the right to development and the right to an adequate standard of living, including the right to food and water, the rule of law, good governance, gender equality, women's empowerment and the overall commitment to just and democratic societies for development" were reaffirmed, as was the importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. There is only one other reference to human rights in the entire 21-page draft and that appears in the context of a list of issues to which "quality education" should be devoted.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- When land is purchased during a marriage, women may lack equitable ownership. Societies with customary law often exclude joint ownership based on the belief that women are not capable of owning land. In market economies, when societal norms have recognized community property between spouses, joint ownership of property acquired during marriage is commonly accepted but patriarchal norms can still result in elusive recognition of gender-equal property rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Success must be calculated in terms other than economic profitability, and take into consideration the costs of pesticides on human health, the economy and the environment. Agroecology prevents direct exposure to toxic pesticides and helps improve air, soil, surface water and groundwater quality. Less energy intensive, agroecology can also help mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing emissions of greenhouse gasses and by providing carbon sinks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Another threat to the freedom of journalists and to press freedom is the increasing use of criminal law on defamation, slander or libel by public officials to silence criticism regarding their personal activities or public policies. The mere use of such "judicial harassment" generates a climate of fear and a "chilling effect" which encourages self-censorship. This issue is further explored under section D below on criminalization of expression.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right to access information 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The protection of national security explicitly appears in international human rights law as an acceptable reason to limit a number of freedoms, including freedom of expression. On the other hand, as detailed above, restrictions to the exercise of basic freedoms, including all possible restrictions to the right to access information, must still be clearly and objectively established by law and must also conform to the strict tests of necessity and proportionality.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, children have the right to impart information to others. As is the case for the right to receive information, there are few references to this right in the jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. The Committee has stated, for example, that children have the right to contribute to children's magazines, television and other media, to engage in political activities both within and outside the school and to set up Internet chat rooms.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The trade liberalization policies heavily favor large corporate agribusinesses and a large-scale model of agricultural production, at the expense of the most vulnerable and marginalized small-scale agricultural producers. Women tend to engage in agricultural production on a scale that is not compatible with a large, corporate model of farming, holding smaller plots than men, which are, on average, 20 - 30 percent less productive than plots managed by men.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- During times of conflict, journalists are at a heightened risk of being subjected to arbitrary detention and internment for alleged security reasons. In an international armed conflict, war correspondents, or representatives of the media who are accredited to, and accompany, the armed forces without being members thereof, are entitled to the status and treatment of a prisoner-of-war in case of capture. This is by virtue of the fact that they are formally authorized to accompany the armed forces and aim to keep the closest possible contact with the armed forces and thus inevitably share the fate of the armed forces. Hence, war correspondents benefit from all the protections of the Third Geneva Convention as supplemented by Additional Protocol I and customary international law. All other journalists who fall into the hands of a party to an international armed conflict benefit at least from the protections granted in article 75 of Additional Protocol I, which includes, inter alia, prohibition of violence to life, health or physical or mental well-being, humiliating and degrading treatment, and taking of hostages. They are also entitled to fair trial guarantees in the case of detention for penal offences. In addition, journalists in the hands of a party to the conflict or occupying power of which they are not nationals benefit from the protections granted by the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Geneva Convention).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Although the above examples of challenges and good practices relating to the protection of journalists in situations of widespread violence or impunity have been drawn from Latin America, this is not the only region in which these issues are a concern. The Special Rapporteur has sent communications to several countries regarding issues such as impunity, journalists reporting on violence and organized crime, as outlined in chapters II and III above.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right to access information 2013, para. 76c
- Paragraph text
- [The core principles include:] Promotion of open government. The full implementation of national laws on access to information requires that the public be informed about their rights and that government officials adhere to a culture of openness. Dedicated efforts are required to disseminate information to the general public on the right to access information and to raise the awareness of and train government staff to respond appropriately to public demands;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The right of all children to be heard and taken seriously constitutes one of the fundamental values of the Convention. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has identified article 12 as one of the four general principles of the Convention, which highlights the fact that this article establishes not only a right in itself, but should also be considered in the interpretation and implementation of all other rights (see CRC/C/GC/12, para. 2).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- A notable trend in 2011 was the increase in the number of attacks against journalists during coverage of street protests and demonstrations, such as arbitrary arrests and detention, verbal and physical attacks, confiscation or destruction of equipment, as well as killings in countries such as Angola, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malawi, Maldives, Russian Federation, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia and Yemen.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right to access information 2013, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recalls that, as stated by the Human Rights Committee in its general comment No. 34 (2011), to give effect to the right to freedom of expression, States parties should proactively put in the public domain government information of public interest, and that, in ensuring access to such information, States parties should also enact the necessary procedures, such as by means of freedom of information legislation (CCPR/C/GC/34, para. 19).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The implications of States’ surveillance of communications on the exercise of the human rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression 2013, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that the private sector is able to carry out its functions independently in a manner that promotes individuals' human rights. At the same time, corporate actors cannot be allowed to participate in activities that infringe upon human rights, and States have a responsibility to hold companies accountable in this regard.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- The result of vague and broad definitions of harmful information, for example in determining how to set Internet filters, can prevent children from gaining access to information that can support them to make informed choices, including honest, objective and age-appropriate information about issues such as sex education and drug use. This may exacerbate rather than diminish children's vulnerability to risks (see more in section VII below, on the Internet).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right to freedom of opinion and expression in electoral contexts 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Restrictions on political expression take a variety of forms - from defamation and slander laws, to blanket bans on critical expression relating to incumbent politicians, to the prohibition of whole media sources, outlets and websites - and impact not only the individuals or groups which might run afoul of them, but the media outlets or intermediaries that publish restricted, or what is considered to be illegal, political expression.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right to freedom of opinion and expression in electoral contexts 2014, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Where media are State-owned, national legal frameworks should ensure that all political parties have access to them and are treated fairly and equitably. When paid political advertising is allowed, private media outlets should be required to charge all parties and candidates the same rates without discrimination. The incumbent government or candidates should not be given preferential or disproportionately large media coverage.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Freedom of expression, States and the private sector in the digital age 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles provide a useful starting point for identifying private information and communications responsibilities, but several other projects have also proposed principles for the sector. The Global Network Initiative's Principles on Freedom of Expression and Privacy draw on the experience and expertise of the investor, civil society and academic communities. The European Commission published the ICT Sector Guide on Implementing the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Relevant civil society initiatives include the Manila Principles of Intermediary Liability, which establish baseline protection for intermediaries in accordance with freedom of expression standards; the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms, which promotes human rights standards and principles of openness in Internet policy formulation and implementation on the continent; and the Ranking Digital Rights Corporate Accountability Index, which evaluates a set of major private actors in the digital space on the basis of their adherence to freedom of expression and privacy norms. Civil society also acts to check and balance other actors engaged in Internet governance: the Code of Good Practice on Information, Participation and Transparency in Internet Governance, for example, seeks to ensure that relevant processes are meaningfully communicated to the public, accountable to all stakeholders, and emphasize democratic participation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Fundamentally, the Special Rapporteur considers as a best practice the presumption in favour of holding peaceful assemblies, as stressed by the OSCE/ODIHR Panel of Experts on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly. Such a presumption should be "clearly and explicitly established in the law", enshrined either in constitutions or in laws governing peaceful assemblies (e.g. as in Armenia and Romania).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The theme of sectoral equity is one that the Special Rapporteur has referred to in his previous reports (see A/HRC/23/39 and A/HRC/26/29/Add.2). He has observed that Governments often treat businesses and civil society differently, even where no reasonable justification in accordance with international norms exists. For example, registration requirements for businesses are considerably less cumbersome and faster in Rwanda than requirements for registration of NGOs. Similarly, no special financial regulations at the global level exist to regulate the private sector as a whole, other than guidance for financial institutions in detecting terrorist financing. Yet recommendation 8 of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering requires that laws and regulations of member States on non-profit organizations be reviewed so as to prevent abuse of such organizations for the financing of terrorism. There is no evidence that the civil society sector is more prone than the private sector to money-laundering activities or terrorism-related financial activity or even that any such activity in the civil society sector justifies the sector-wide approach that the Task Force has adopted. Furthermore, States do not generally object to corporations investing capital from foreign sources in their jurisdictions in the same way they do if civil society organizations receive foreign funding.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, the Special Rapporteur cites Australia, Jamaica, Switzerland and the United States as examples of good practice. Each of those States exempts the revenue of certain associations from income tax, and in the case of the United States donors are allowed to deduct donations from their income. Those privileges foster associations' ability to seek, secure and use resources and to do their work more effectively.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Freedom of expression, States and the private sector in the digital age 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- It is important to note that surveillance is affected by other demands on privately held information. For example, the inability of the mutual legal assistance treaty regime to keep pace with cross-border data demands may drive States to resort to invasive extraterritorial surveillance measures. Laws that require companies to retain customer data or store such data in local data centres may also encourage such surveillance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The context of elections may also heavily impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. This is particularly the case when assemblies are systematically prohibited or when individuals active in associations promoting transparent and fair electoral processes and defending democratic principles are subject to harassment and intimidation for their civic activism.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The Registrar of Societies in Malaysia has absolute discretion to revoke the registration of societies which "in his opinion" are being used for purposes prejudicial to or "incompatible with the interest of the security of Malaysia or any part thereof, public order or morality". The law provides no recourse to the courts. The dissolution of companies may be ordered for similar reasons, but only after the issuance of a court order.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Businesses' relationship with the government in many States can be described as "cosy" and is often characterized by privileged access and treatment. It is not uncommon for politicians to be former businesspeople and vice versa or to have close, even family, ties to the business sector. Even those without extensive personal experience in commerce undoubtedly rely to some extent on the support of the business community.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Non-State actors (including natural and legal persons and groups or associations) similarly may take advantage of a weak State apparatus or work together with State agents. Some may form associations whose sole purpose is to advance ideologies favoured by the State in order to crowd out space for independent organizations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Terms such as "vulnerability" and "abuse of power" remain undefined within the Protocol, and have no independent legal meaning. These terms require clarification, as failure to do so could lead to situations in which State responses to trafficking include sex workers who voluntarily enter the sex sector. For instance, the trafficking of women and children to participate in sex work has been conflated with voluntary participation in sex work in Cambodia, where the Law on the Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation was introduced in 1998. The purpose of this legislation was the suppression of human trafficking and sexual exploitation, as stated in article 1, but the statute includes provisions that prohibit activities around sex work and effectively criminalize the sex sector in its entirety. The law prohibits solicitation, support of prostitution in any manner, sharing of benefits obtained from prostitution, management of an establishment for prostitution, or even selling premises knowing they will be used for prostitution, amongst other activities (chapt. IV). The penalties for breach of these laws are extreme, including the seizure of materials and proceeds, closure of businesses and, alarmingly, the restriction of civil rights (art. 48). This law has led to the detention of sex workers without arrest or imposition of criminal charges, as well as to rape and extortion, following raids.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 18g
- Paragraph text
- [The right to health framework complements current development approaches by underlining the importance of aspects such as participation, community empowerment and the need to focus on vulnerable populations. The right to health analytical framework "unpacks" the right to health, making it easier to understand and apply in practical settings. Its key elements are as follows:] Special attention should be given to issues of non-discrimination, equality and vulnerability;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- International tax competition has placed the burden of taxation in many States on consumption and income or wage-based taxes rather than taxes on business profits and capital income. Income and wage-based taxes, however, are difficult to collect in States with large informal sectors, including most of the developing world. These States incur significant administrative costs associated with tax collection from the informal sector, experience high levels of tax evasion and face difficulties in maximizing income tax bases. It is estimated, however, that taxing the informal sector could increase tax revenue by 35 to 55 per cent in some States. Innovative approaches to tax collection from the informal sector, including through State cooperation with informal workers' associations, have been successful in some instances and hold promise for increasing tax bases in States with large informal sectors. In order to ensure the availability of adequate, equitable and sustainable funding for health, as required by the right to health, States should not be left, as a result of tax liberalization policies, to rely primarily on tax revenue from sectors that are difficult to regulate. However, in order to promote equity in health funding through taxation, and given the size of potential revenue, States should make efforts to collect taxes from businesses in the informal sector, contingent upon the provision of State services and other benefits associated with being a taxable entity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Some States prohibit agencies from recruiting workers or a class of workers, such as domestic workers, to countries or employers who habitually deprive migrants of adequate rest, nutritious food, medical care and sleep. However, as this may result in migrant workers seeking riskier routes to foreign employment, sending States should ensure that bilateral agreements with receiving States provide for strong protections and enforcement mechanisms against abuse and exploitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Contemporary challenges to freedom of expression 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In recent years, a number of Governments have adopted laws that explicitly attack expression on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. For instance, the Government of Kyrgyzstan adopted a law that criminalizes the dissemination of information relating to "non-traditional" sexual relationships. Uganda has criminalized the "promotion" of homosexuality, while the Russian Federation has banned the "propaganda of homosexuality" at the federal level across the country. In Zambia, a human rights advocate not only faced undue delays when trying to register an NGO for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons and sex workers, but also was charged with "soliciting for immoral purposes" when he urged greater access to health care for sex workers and sexual minorities. In some cases, individuals and organizations involved in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-related activism or expression even face significant threats of physical violence. In Honduras, for example, there has been a systematic lack of accountability for advocates of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights who have been murdered, kidnapped or assaulted. In an important step, the Human Rights Council, reflecting on the increasing pressure on and violence and discrimination against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation, established a mandate for an independent expert to combat such discrimination and violence (see Council resolution 32/2).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- An "assembly" is an intentional and temporary gathering in a private or public space for a specific purpose. It therefore includes demonstrations, inside meetings, strikes, processions, rallies or even sits-in. Assemblies play a vibrant role in mobilizing the population and formulating grievances and aspirations, facilitating the celebration of events and, importantly, influencing States' public policy.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Ability of associations to access financial resources as a vital part of the right to freedom of association & Ability to hold peaceful assemblies as an integral component of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur wishes to highlight that there is an inherent contradiction in States restricting funding to associations, while at the same time receiving increased funding through international cooperation. He believes that instead of aiming to limit the participation of civil society actors, aid effectiveness rather aims to provide all relevant stakeholders, including associations, with greater influence to contribute to, inter alia, poverty reduction, strengthening of democratic reforms and human rights promotion. For example, in Busan, Republic of Korea, assurances were made to "implement fully respective commitments to enable CSOs to exercise their roles as independent development actors, with a particular focus on an enabling environment, consistent with agreed international rights, that maximizes the contributions of CSOs to development" (emphasis added). The independence of the civil society sector, including in terms of access to funding, should therefore be guaranteed. In the context of ongoing discussions related to the post-2015 Millennium Development Goals, the Special Rapporteur believes that civil society involvement and contributions to development are paramount, and that States should exert all efforts to support, rather than inhibit, their work.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- States' positive obligation to establish and maintain an enabling environment for associations extends to fostering the ability to solicit, receive and utilize resources. Some States do this by extending tax privileges to associations registered as non-profit entities. Such privileges may include exemption from income tax (for the recipient association and the donor), such as in Bulgaria and Lithuania, or from other taxes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association are recognized in numerous international instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that States have a responsibility to protect the peaceful assembly and association rights of all people, even if they hold unpopular views or practise a minority faith. This responsibility includes the duty to protect individuals and groups from attacks by non-State actors, and to ensure accountability when such attacks occur.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 18a
- Paragraph text
- [The right to health framework complements current development approaches by underlining the importance of aspects such as participation, community empowerment and the need to focus on vulnerable populations. The right to health analytical framework "unpacks" the right to health, making it easier to understand and apply in practical settings. Its key elements are as follows:] Identification of relevant national and international human rights laws, norms and standards;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that States should allocate more resources for the provision of geriatric healthcare in order to ensure that all healthcare workers, irrespective of specialty or profession, are adequately trained to deal with the particular health issues associated with ageing. They should also be trained on the right to health so that they interact with elderly patients in an appropriate, considerate and non-discriminatory manner.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Older persons
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The right to health requires States to ensure access to health facilities, goods and services, especially for vulnerable groups, such as migrant women workers. Health services, information and education should be tailored to the specific needs of women - such as sexual and reproductive health needs, including access to contraception and safe legal abortion - and pay attention to the special vulnerability of low-skilled migrant workers, regardless of immigration status.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Poor quality medicines are genuine products that do not meet quality specifications due to poor manufacturing practices. They can cause drug resistance, adverse effects and even death. Contrary to popular belief, recent studies indicate that there may be fewer poor quality medicines on the market than previously estimated. A potential explanation for this could be the tendency to conflate poor-quality with counterfeit medicines.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The protection of sources and whistle-blowers 2015, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- International human rights law has developed well-established principles protecting source confidentiality. At the international level, such rules derive from the guarantee of the right to seek, receive and impart information enshrined in article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The European Court of Human Rights celebrates the "vital public watchdog role of the press" as underlying source protection and has established a high level of protection for journalists who are reporting on matters of public interest. In May 2015, the East African Court of Justice ruled that journalists could not be compelled to reveal sources merely because the information they provided related to national security or defence. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has emphasized that "every social communicator has the right to keep his/her source of information, notes, personal and professional archives confidential". The African Commission on Human and People's Rights has stated that "media practitioners shall not be required to reveal confidential sources of information or to disclose other material held for journalistic purposes", except where meeting certain specified exceptions. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe recommends that States provide "explicit and clear protection of the right of journalists not to disclose information identifying a source". International criminal tribunals also protect sources.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In many countries, domestic funding is very limited or non-existent, leading associations to rely on foreign assistance to conduct their activities. The Special Rapporteur echoes the recommendations put forward by the then Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders who affirmed that "governments must allow access by NGOs to foreign funding as a part of international cooperation, to which civil society is entitled to the same extent as Governments" (A/59/401, para. 82), He believes that the same principle should apply to any associations regardless of the goals, in line with international law, they pursue. He considers as best practice legislation that does not prescribe the approval of the authorities before receiving domestic and foreign funding (e.g. Lebanon, Morocco and the United States). The barriers to foreign funding range from undue delay in approval for funding an association's project (e.g. Bangladesh) to the requirement of obtaining a prior authorization from the authorities. Some legislation even prohibits human rights associations from receiving more than 10 per cent of their overall resources from foreign sources. In Ethiopia where this legislation is in place, out of the 127 associations advocating for human rights active before the 2009 Charities and Societies Proclamation entered into force, very few reportedly still operate.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Authorities must also respect the right of associations to privacy as stipulated in article 17 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In this connection, authorities should not be entitled to: condition any decisions and activities of the association; reverse the election of board members; condition the validity of board members' decisions on the presence of a Government representative at the board meeting or request that an internal decision be withdrawn; request associations to submit annual reports in advance; and enter an association's premises without advance notice. The Special Rapporteur recognizes the right of independent bodies to examine the associations' records as a mechanism to ensure transparency and accountability, but such a procedure should not be arbitrary and must respect the principle of non-discrimination and the right to privacy as it would otherwise put the independence of associations and the safety of their members at risk. As a best practice, the decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights found that the right to freedom of association had been violated when the Government of Nigeria provided the Nigerian Bar Association with a new governing body and laid down that 97 of the 128 members constituting this body would be appointed by the Government (report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, A/64/226, para. 34).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Involuntary dissolution and suspension are perhaps the most serious sanctions that the authorities can impose on an organization. They should be used only when other, less restrictive measures would be insufficient and should be guided by the principles of proportionality and necessity. Moreover, associations should have the right to appeal decisions regarding suspension or dissolution before an independent and impartial court.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of natural resource exploitation projects 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur holds the view that as long as such an assembly is peaceful, States have the obligation to facilitate the gathering whether or not authorities agree with the content of the message. Any interference with such peaceful assemblies, including dispersal, should meet the strict tests of necessity and proportionality stipulated in international human rights standards.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In other cases still, abuses may come purely at the hands of non-State actors, with the role of State actors being less obvious. This is seen, for example, when private parties publicize messages of ethnic or national superiority or when community leaders impose their cultural values at the expense of those held by other groups.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Criminal laws are enacted by the State to regulate conduct perceived as threatening, dangerous, or harmful to an individual, to other individuals or society. Such laws represent the strongest expression of the State's power to punish and are among its most intentional acts. Criminal laws punish those who engage in prohibited conduct; they are also intended to deter others from similar conduct, incapacitate and rehabilitate offenders, and provide restitution for victims.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- However, there is still insufficient attention to these interactions, particularly in respect of development work. For instance, performing a human rights impact assessment of development policies and programmes, and documenting human rights abuses, are strategies that largely deal with the first two relationships mentioned. Incorporating human rights into each aspect of health-related development programming from its initiation is much more difficult to achieve.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Persons who require continuous care have particular health needs which, if unaddressed, can increase unnecessary deaths during conflict. For example, treatment interruption and lack of availability of treatment may render people living with HIV, tuberculosis and cancer, more vulnerable to ill-health. The lack of availability of medication and psychosocial services can likewise prove especially detrimental to mental health patients, some of whom may require continuous treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur was informed that pharmaceutical companies adopt various methods to reduce price transparency in order to work around any loss incurred from ERP. They introduce their products in high-price markets first, to be used as reference countries, thus maximizing the price. Additionally, transparency is reduced when companies list high prices in a country while granting discounts and rebates on the condition of confidentiality.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The use of encryption and anonymity to exercise the rights to freedom of opinion and expression in the digital age 2015, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The human rights legal framework for encryption and anonymity requires, first, evaluating the scope of the rights at issue and their application to encryption and anonymity; and, second, assessing whether, and if so to what extent, restrictions may lawfully be placed on the use of technologies that promote and protect the rights to privacy and freedom of opinion and expression.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- National human rights institutions, which comply with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (Paris Principles), can also play a role in receiving and investigating allegations of human rights violations and abuses (e.g. Malaysia and Portugal). The work of these institutions should be respected and facilitated by the authorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- In the present report, the Special Rapporteur focuses on the role of associations broadly, including political parties, as central vehicles through which individuals can take part in the conduct of peaceful affairs through chosen representatives. Political parties have an essential role to play "in ensuring pluralism and the proper functioning of democracy". The present report adopts the definition of a political party as "a free association of persons, one of the aims of which is to participate in the management of public affairs, including through the presentation of candidates to free and democratic elections". Of significance is the fact that a political party is an "association" (A/HRC/20/27, paras. 51-52), albeit a specialized one that may be regulated by separate legislation and that is subject to rules different from those of other associations. The Special Rapporteur considers the key difference between political parties and other associations to be the ability of political parties to present candidates for elections and to subsequently form governments, should those candidates win in genuine elections. Hence, he stresses that the engagement of civil society organizations in the electoral process should not lead to their being involuntary labelled or treated as political parties simply as a result of their having participated in public life in the way in which they have chosen.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- India, for example, has long had a reputation of being hostile towards foreign investment in its business sector, but is now encouraging foreign investment in several sectors. Yet the country's Foreign Contribution Regulation Act requires civil society organizations receiving funds from "foreign sources" to receive prior permission or to register under the Act, establishing a de facto permission process for foreign donations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Without the ability to organize and take collective action at work, too many of the world's working women are forced to labour in climates of violence and fear. The ever-present threat of the loss of employment, health, opportunities to provide for one's family and, potentially, one's life, exacerbates the challenge for workers to defend their basic rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 26d
- Paragraph text
- In the following sections, the Special Rapporteur provides examples of how fundamentalism can spur intolerance that leads to violations of assembly and association rights, and highlights the responsibilities of States and non-State actors to prevent and remedy the violations. For ease of reference, four overarching categories are used: (d) Cultural and nationalist fundamentalisms
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Criminal laws and other legal restrictions on sexual and reproductive health may have a negative impact on the right to health in many ways, including by interfering with human dignity. Respect for dignity is fundamental to the realization of all human rights. Dignity requires that individuals are free to make personal decisions without interference from the State, especially in an area as important and intimate as sexual and reproductive health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- When appropriate, clinical trials should be conducted with the participation of older persons in order to determine the effect of these medications on that population group, due to the frequency with which older persons may use these medications. Given the substantial underrepresentation of older patients in studies on various diseases, clinical trial recruitment should be diversified to include a number of considerations including age, gender and race.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Older persons
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Unaffordable health-care services, high taxes and confiscation of essential supplies by parties to the conflict increase the vulnerability of marginalized communities. Accessibility may further be hindered due to lack of linguistic and culturally appropriate health services and information. Failure to recognize the different needs of marginalized communities may deter them from accessing health care, as well as contribute to a profound sense of isolation and disempowerment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The NEMLs are based on the rationale that a limited range of priority medicines contributes to better health care and optimizes the use of financial resources in resource-limited settings. The NEML also serves as a guide for public procurement of medicines and provides guidance for local production of medicines. Notably, in both developed and developing countries NEMLs are used to guide cost-containment measures for pharmaceutical expenditures.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Racial discrimination can prevent workers from exercising their peaceful assembly and association rights, as in Colombia, where approximately 75 per cent of the workforce in Colombia's ports, primarily Afro-descendant workers, are employed under flexible contracts and not allowed to join unions or to bargain. Many of the thousands of trade unionists in Colombia murdered between 1986 and 2011 were Afro-Colombian.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Cultural fundamentalist and nationalist groups may express these ideologies through protests and rallies. One example is the group Patriotic Europeans against the Islamization of the West (Pegida), in Germany, which believes that State immigration policies are enabling erosion of the culture of Germany. Rallies by such nationalist groups often attract counter-demonstrators who assemble in support of tolerance and diversity, and the management of such assemblies and counter-assemblies is of concern. Opposing assemblies are likely to provoke tensions that increase the potential for violence and therefore also increase the need for even-handed management and facilitation by law enforcement officials. In relation to assemblies in the United Kingdom by the English Defence League, which opposes perceived Islamism, the police have been criticized for employing tactics that dissuaded would-be counter-demonstrators from participating in assemblies. This has led to a perception of bias against the Muslim community, because members of the English Defence League were not subject to similar restrictions. The Special Rapporteur stresses that State handling of demonstrations and counter-demonstrations in these contexts should ensure that each group can exercise its rights without undue interference by the authorities or by opposing rally participants (see A/HRC/31/66, para. 24).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 18f
- Paragraph text
- [The right to health framework complements current development approaches by underlining the importance of aspects such as participation, community empowerment and the need to focus on vulnerable populations. The right to health analytical framework "unpacks" the right to health, making it easier to understand and apply in practical settings. Its key elements are as follows:] States have duties to respect, protect and fulfil the right to the highest attainable standard of health;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Home care is generally understood as medical services performed by professionals in the patient's home, as opposed to care provided in specialized institutions. It generally allows older persons a greater degree of autonomy over their lives than institutional care. However, home care should be understood as medical home care delivered by health professionals, as opposed to informal care that is provided by family members or other individuals.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Older persons
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The International Labour Organization (ILO), through various conventions and recommendations places obligations on States and certain duties to recruitment agencies, requiring them to take steps to prevent abuse and exploitation of migrant workers. It focuses on occupational health and safety of migrant workers and recommends measures to promote reunification of families, which can have a positive effect on mental health as it provides social support to migrant workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Modern health systems and modern health policies should not be limited to a biomedical model of addressing separate diseases and managing them with advanced biomedical interventions. Addressing social and other underlying determinants of health by applying modern principles of health promotion, primary care, mental health and integrated health and social services is legally required by the right to health, including in early childhood.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- The human rights approach, together with the modern understanding of public health, warns against typifying violence into severe forms and those forms which are considered to be "milder" and thus perceived as not harmful. That can lead to the proliferation of practices which are justified as being "mild" forms of violence and thus tolerated or even recommended, such as domestic violence against women, female genital mutilation or the institutional care of young children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Violence is a complex, multi-layered public health phenomenon that affects mortality, mental health, sexual and reproductive health and infectious and non communicable disease outcomes across the globe. The reduction or elimination of violence within the home, medical and educational settings and broader society is a prerequisite for the realization of the right to health. Violence is one of the most compelling barriers to and determinants of the right to health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Effective and full implementation of the right to health framework, including justiciability of ESCR and the right to health; the progressive realisation of the right to health; the accountability deficit of transnational corporations; and the current ... 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights also requires the Committee to "consider the reasonableness of the steps taken by the State Party" (art. 8 (4)). The Committee has laid out several considerations to be taken into account when determining reasonableness, such as whether measures were deliberate, concrete and targeted; whether non discrimination and non-arbitrariness were ensured; whether allocation of resources was in accordance with international human rights standards; whether the policy utilized the least restrictive option; the time frame of the policy; and whether the situation of vulnerable groups was taken into account (E/C.12/2007/1, para. 8). Vulnerable groups should not be limited to those specific groups mentioned in general comment No. 14, but should include any group that is disproportionately affected by a particular ailment or otherwise marginalized on account of its members' political, social or economic exclusion; discrimination and stigmatization suffered by that group; restrictions in law or in practice on giving informed consent or exercising full autonomy by members of that group; or the group's inability to enforce rights, gain access to State benefits or enjoy regulatory protection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the right to of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health was originally established by the Commission on Human Rights in April 2002 in resolution 2002/31, and renewed in 2005 in resolution 2005/24. Subsequent to the replacement of the Commission with the Human Rights Council in June 2006, the mandate was endorsed and extended by the Council through resolutions 6/29, 15/22 and 24/6.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Sustainable Development Goals were born through a uniquely participatory process. They also include important commitments to participation, including target 16.7, Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels, as well as other Goals and targets that are crucial to free, informed and meaningful participation, such as public access to information and the protection of fundamental freedoms (target 16.10).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- Progressive realization has a number of implications. For example, States must have a national plan for the right to health and development in early childhood, the lead for which should be taken by the health authorities, especially for children under 3 years of age. In addition, coordinated governance across health, education and social protection policies, plans and programmes should be enhanced at both national and local levels.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- The role of private companies, such as pharmaceutical ones, should also be highlighted. The work of previous mandate holders has been crucial to underline their duties with regard to right to health, in particular the Human Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in relation to Access to Medicines (A/63/263, annex). The Special Rapporteur will be addressing those issues with a view to ending unacceptable practices and entrenched misconceptions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Further group-specific protections are found in other human rights treaties, but the Committee on the Rights of the Child has been at the forefront of efforts to apply the right to health in the context of adolescents, notably in its general comment No. 4 (2003) on adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and general comment No. 15 (2013) on the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The obligation to promote the right to health requires States to take actions to create, maintain and restore the health of the population. In order to fulfil this obligation, a State must: (a) foster recognition of factors favouring positive health results; (b) ensure that services are culturally appropriate; (c) disseminate appropriate information; and (d) support people in making informed choices about their health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- While the Government directed significant domestic and foreign funding towards the construction of new housing, primarily through the imidugudu (villagization) model, and achieved some positive results, these efforts were only very rarely based upon consultation with local people, and in some cases involved direct pressure, eviction and dispossession that would appear incompatible with international human rights law. The opportunity of moving to housing constructed as part of the imidugudu programme was popular among some residents living in inadequate shelter, but it was much less popular amongst households who already lived in good-quality homes. Villagers were seriously concerned that the new villages put people further away from their fields, making cultivation more difficult, especially for women. They were also concerned that those who had given up some of their land to make way for the villages seldom received compensation, which caused tension and potential conflict. In addition, houses provided in the imidugudu were often of poor quality and the authorities frequently placed unreasonable restrictions upon existing home-owners, requiring them to upgrade or replace their homes without due regard for questions of affordability and cultural adequacy and appropriateness. The indigenous Twa people suffered particularly severely as a result, through the imposition of requirements ignoring their traditional values and housing practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Questions remain as to the minimum conditions that these approaches should fulfil to ensure security of tenure, what type of institutional arrangements are required for implementation, and whether such approaches can be replicated in diverse contexts and at scale. This is particularly relevant to those forms of tenure that have received less attention and support in research, policy and practice, such as community land trusts, collective tenure models and cooperative ownership.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right to life and the right to adequate housing: the indivisibility and interdependence between these rights 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Lived experience illustrates that adequate housing, dignity, security and life are so closely intertwined as to be essentially inseparable. The same is true in international human rights law. The right to life cannot be separated from the right to a secure place to live, and the right to a secure place to live only has meaning in the context of a right to live in dignity and security, free of violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Constitution of WHO defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". Development in childhood consists of interconnected domains: physical, cognitive-linguistic and social-emotional. WHO states that the three critical elements of healthy child development are stable, responsive and nurturing caregiving; safe, supportive environments; and appropriate nutrition.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Without a well-established infrastructure of primary health care, all achievements of modern science and the practice of medicine might be compromised and could be misused. When health policy chooses to prioritize specialized services, the latter tend to function without the necessary ethical and human rights safeguards, leading to barriers in access to services for people and groups who have more health needs or to the ineffective use of those services, or to both.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that rights holders, including those from marginalized groups, are provided with the conditions to participate in the design, implementation and monitoring of laws, policies and strategies relevant to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. The effective recognition, enjoyment and protection of public freedoms, including freedom of opinion and expression and freedom of peaceful assembly and association, is crucial in this respect.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- International human rights standards require the free, active and meaningful participation of people in decisions that affect their lives. In particular, States' obligations under article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights require that the right of individuals and groups to participate in decision-making processes affecting their health and development must be an integral component of any relevant policy, programme or strategy.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the above-mentioned biomedical benefits, participation in organized sport may have significant benefits for older adults as regards increased social interaction and connectedness. Moreover, sport can be used as a tool to promote "active ageing" - elderly people being active and engaged in society - to combat negative and inaccurate images of the elderly that portray ageing as an inevitable and irreversible decline in function.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Older persons
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- In recent years market-based housing finance has rapidly spread throughout the world, mainly targeting the more affluent segments of society that have had the initial capital to take a mortgage, profiting lenders through the payment of interest. Traditionally, mortgage finance has been considered unattainable for the poor owing to issues such as lack of land titles, low and erratic income and employment in the informal sector.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Allocation of public land for the provision of housing. States should utilize available public land, including land obtained by municipalities through tax foreclosures and other means, to meet current and anticipated housing needs of the urban poor, using suitable secure tenure arrangements. States may choose to provide adequate housing or ensure that the conditions exist to enable recipients to construct or rehabilitate housing themselves.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The precariousness of informality and the prevalence of development-based evictions continue to be major structural causes of homelessness. Informal neighbourhoods are wiped out and replaced with high-end tourist attractions, shopping malls or entertainment districts. Land contamination and mismanagement compound these effects. Evictions without adequate resettlement, as is common, invariably lead to homelessness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- In "hedge cities", prime destinations for global capital seeking safe havens for investments, housing prices have increased to levels that most residents cannot afford, creating huge increases in wealth for property owners in prime locations while excluding moderate- and low-income households from access to homeownership or rentals due to unaffordability. Those households are pushed to peri-urban areas with scant employment and services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Since the adoption of the Convention in 1989, there has been increasing evidence of "new morbidities" in childhood related to the understanding that physical and mental health in early childhood are affected by the environment, including relationships within the family, the community and the broader society. This understanding has led to positioning developmental and behavioural issues becoming central components of modern paediatrics.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- All international and national actors should be mobilized to reaffirm and revitalize the decisions of the historic International Conference on Primary Health Care and International Conference on Health Promotion. The full enjoyment of the right to health can only be operationalized through human rights-friendly and culturally relevant health promotion policies that empower people to increase control over their lives and improve their health and well-being.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Prioritizing the most vulnerable requires acknowledging that many populations are invisible through traditional data collection methods either because they are excluded from civil registration or because they face other barriers, such as being homeless or criminalized, and never come into contact with official statistical processes. Qualitative data collection methods are a practical and powerful complement to traditional quantitative methods.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Models based on over-medicalization and institutionalization should be abandoned and replaced with early interventions and comprehensive community-based multisectoral responses. Adolescent health policies must be developed with the involvement of professionals in the health, education and social welfare sectors, who can provide a flexible network of services, including schools, community outpatient and day care mental health services rooted in the evidence-based biopsychosocial model.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Given the human rights violations occurring in the context of these events, and evidence that the interest generated by mega sporting events and professional sport does not appear to translate into mass participation in sport or physical activity, more should be done to ensure that the human rights of everybody who is connected with major sporting events are protected and that these events are not merely held as a spectacle.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- More recently, international institutions have become increasingly aware of the limitations of strategies based predominantly on the formalization of urban land markets and have recognized that there is a variety of tenure instruments that can be employed. However this trend has not permeated all spheres of practice and policy. A number of agencies and governments still adhere to a preponderant focus on private property ownership, with debatable results.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Multilateral and bilateral development agencies regularly provide financial and technical assistance to operations that affect tenure security, including infrastructure development; land management, administration and spatial planning; urban development and renewal; settlement upgrading; and policy reforms in, inter alia, the housing and financial sectors. They also provide financing to diverse private sector activities that impact tenure.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Other treaty monitoring bodies and human rights mechanisms have articulated legal standards with respect to remedies in the context of homelessness. In A.T. v. Hungary, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women addressed the link between violence against women and homelessness, recommending as part of an effective remedy to "ensure that A. T. is given a safe home in which to live with her children".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In circumstances where Governments should be relying on positive measures and resource allocation to provide housing to households affected by economic downturns and widespread unemployment, many have been held accountable to austerity measures imposed by creditors. They have agreed to dramatically reduce or eliminate housing programmes, privatize social housing and sell off massive amounts of housing and real estate assets to private equity funds.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- In Brazil, the National Programme for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, developed by the National Special Secretariat for Human Rights (which has a ministerial status), was officially launched on 26 October 2004. The Brazilian states are in charge of its execution, under the coordination of a national steering committee at the federal level. Protection measures include police protection and a database to register defenders at risk.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- There is an alarming lack of HIV-related harm reduction services designed for adolescents who inject drugs, as well as multiple barriers to accessing such services, including age restrictions in law, and absence of data on injecting drug use among children and young people in most countries. Technical guidelines on HIV prevention, treatment care and support for young people who inject drugs have been developed, and should form the basis of States' efforts in this regard.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The post-Hurricane Mitch period also saw development in the legal framework related to land and housing issues, though the judicial system remained weak and so the potential benefits of the new legislation remained inaccessible to the poor. Missing from the current strategy in Honduras is a comprehensive programme to increase the supply of urbanized land and improve tenure security for the poor and the marginalized.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Other forms of tenure are barely discussed. For instance, collective tenure-other than that held by indigenous peoples-warrants further examination. It is also unclear what State obligations are with respect to tenancy. Should States adopt a framework of tenant protection? How should tenants' rights be balanced with the rights of property owners? What are the limits within which tenants' rights or the rights of holders of other forms of tenure can be ensured?
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The urban poor should drive the process of strengthening their tenure security. Global experience shows that the realization of the right to adequate housing depends as much upon the mobilization and advocacy of social movements as the concerted efforts of States. Governmental and other relevant actors should support the empowerment of urban poor individuals and communities by being accountable for the implementation of these principles.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Some States have also been reluctant to collect and provide reliable data, perceiving it to be contrary to their interests, particularly if they are seeking to attract development or tourism or to host mega events. Data collected by governments need to be supplemented by information that may only be available to non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations working directly with homeless populations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- A number of human rights violations against human rights defenders are committed by private corporations, a category that should be understood as consisting of companies, whether national or transnational, not owned or operated by Governments. Private corporations have allegedly been impeding the activities of defenders working, inter alia, on labour rights, the exploitation of natural resources, the rights of indigenous peoples and minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- The South Caucasus Network of Human Rights Defenders, which unites 30 human rights NGOs in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, was set up in July 2009. The network seeks to facilitate the creation of a safer and enabling environment for human rights defenders in the South Caucasus, and strengthen their voices in the region and internationally. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the creation of the network and looks forward to engaging with it constructively.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Services, goods and facilities must be accessible to all adolescents without discrimination on any grounds. This includes access to information on their health, as well on the nature, availability, location, costs and timing of services. Services must be physically accessible, including to adolescents in remote or rural communities and adolescents with disabilities, and be located in spaces that provide adolescents with confidence that their specific health-care needs will be met.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- These examples reflect deep-seated bias towards men's sport, which diminishes the opportunities for women in sport at all levels. States and other actors must act to shift public consciousness away from a male-dominated sporting culture. States should review their laws, policies and programmes, and amend or repeal those that discriminate against women and girls and prevent them from participating in sport on an equal basis with men.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Following the sub-prime crisis, the supply of housing and household mobility have been significantly curtailed by a shortage of long-term credit for real estate development on the supply side (in both the rental and ownership sectors) as well as by increased rationing of mortgages on the demand side. In response to the crises, Governments have introduced regulations for responsible lending and financial institutions have tightened their mortgage conditions, again placing mortgage finance out of reach for low-income groups. Government responses to the crisis have concentrated on adjusting demand-side policies, tightening mortgage market conditions and adopting regulations in Norway, Sweden, Israel, Canada and the Netherlands; abolishing interest tax deductions in Poland, Spain and China; and introducing demand-side subsidies to assist mortgage lenders and prevent arrears in Spain and Chile. The crisis has not led to a shift to supply-side non-market housing policies, and social housing investment remains low in most countries. Recovery measures based on austerity (i.e., cuts in public spending) led in some instances to additional curtailment of social housing programmes, as was the case of OEK (Workers' Housing Organization) in Greece, while huge public resources were allocated to "bail-outs" of financial institutions. This has resulted in increased homelessness, indebtedness of families and worsening housing conditions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Other forms that had a demonstrated ability to ensure secure tenure in the past, such as tenancy, should also be given renewed attention. Tenancy rates have decreased in many countries, and so has the security associated with them, as seen in some European countries for instance. In other countries, tenancy remains well-established, and in some the role of rental housing is attracting renewed attention, or being used in innovative ways to prevent homelessness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 17b
- Paragraph text
- [In light of these considerations, the Special Rapporteur proposes the following three-dimensional approach anchored in human rights:] The second dimension considers homelessness as a form of systemic discrimination and social exclusion, recognizing that being deprived of a home gives rise to a social identity through which "the homeless" is constituted as a social group subject to discrimination and stigmatization;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Housing and real estate markets have been transformed by corporate finance, including banks, insurance and pension funds, hedge funds, private equity firms and other kinds of financial intermediaries with massive amounts of capital and excess liquidity. The global financial system has grown exponentially and now far outstrips the so-called real "productive" economy in terms of sheer volumes of wealth, with housing accounting for much of that growth.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Between 11 December 2008 and 10 December 2009, the Special Rapporteur sent 266 communications to States in relation to the situation of human rights defenders. The information received from various sources and the activities carried out during this year have confirmed the continuous insecurity faced by human rights defenders. The worrying trends identified below call for urgent and effective solutions by not only States, but also defenders themselves.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- National homelessness strategies have relied on legislation to clarify government obligations. Scotland enacted the Homelessness etc. (Scotland) Act in 2003, which includes the commitment to make housing a legal right by 2012. In keeping with this, an order was passed by the Scottish Parliament in 2012 that ensures that all individuals assessed to be "unintentionally homeless" have a right to settled accommodation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The right to an effective remedy also implies an effective access to justice, which should be understood as not only judicial but also administrative or quasi-judicial mechanisms. Investigation and prosecution should rest on an effective and independent judiciary. Unfortunately, in many instances, weaknesses in the judicial system and flaws in the legal framework have deprived defenders of adequate tools for seeking and obtaining justice.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders in Africa, set forth by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, includes seeking, receiving, examining and acting upon information on the situation of human rights defenders in Africa. The Special Rapporteur also submits reports to the African Commission at every ordinary session and develops and recommends effective strategies to better protect human rights defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, many excellent protection tools, such as the Front Line Protection Handbook for Human Rights Defenders, have been developed by NGOs and NGO coalitions. Many NGOs have also developed security training. The Special Rapporteur calls upon human rights defenders to liaise with these NGOs and attend and organize training sessions. She also encourages wider dissemination of these tools among the community of human rights defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- This attention to the situation of women human rights defenders was further mandated by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 7/8 in which, when renewing the mandate of the Special Rapporteur for a further three years, it requested that the Special Rapporteur "integrate a gender perspective throughout the work of his/her mandate, paying particular attention to the situation of women human rights defenders".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders 2012, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- Between December 2006 and 31 May 2011, the Special Rapporteur sent 60 communications related to violations against youth and student defenders. In 34 of the cases reported, the victims were male. In 12 instances, the victims were female. Nine cases concerned victims of both sexes, while in six cases the sex of the victim(s) was not mentioned.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- In the development of the law establishing the Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission, which was yet to be adopted at the time this report was finalized, it was emphasized that its independence would be strengthened if it was empowered to recruit its own staff and that there should be no civil service secondment at senior level to the body.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur refers to the joint statement of 15 March 2012 by the Rapporteurs on Human Rights Defenders from the United Nations, the African Commission on Human and People's Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on reprisals against individuals and groups seeking to cooperate with those three institutions. He welcomes the determined stance of the President of the Human Rights Council in calling on States to combat this phenomenon.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- Information provided indicates that, in a number of countries, working groups on the implementation of the European Union (EU) Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders have been established, with a view to developing a local implementation strategy. Women defenders and those working on women's rights or gender issues at risk could have recourse to various means of support provided by different stakeholders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that national institutions which operate in compliance with the Paris Principles and their members and staff, can be considered as human rights defenders. She is aware that they face important challenges and are exposed to attacks, threats, intimidation and harassment in connection to their human rights activities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- For that reason, he is starting his mandate with a series of regional consultations, during which he intends to meet defenders and analyze together with them the national and regional trends, the threats against certain specific groups, the reprisals taken against them and the methods of protection developed in recent years, in order to evaluate their relevance and perhaps have them developed further on a case-by-case basis or more systematically.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The right to protest is an essential element of the right to participation in a democratic society and restrictions imposed on this right must be closely examined regarding their necessity and reasonableness. Restrictions may be imposed on public demonstrations, providing their purpose is to protect national security or public safety, public order, the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In the Middle East and North African region, the 13 communications sent indicate that women's rights defenders in Iraq face risks such as killings, death threats, and armed attacks. By contrast, activists for women's rights in Bahrain, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates reported harassment of a more judicial nature, such as arrests, violations of freedom of assembly, and travel bans.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- With this report, the Special Rapporteur intends to highlight the vital role played by national institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and provide recommendations, in particular to States and national institutions, with a view to ensuring that these institutions operate in an environment that is conducive for them to carry out their activities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has argued on previous occasions (A/HRC/13/22, paras. 67 and 68) that one of the most important efforts to protect human rights defenders is measures taken by defenders themselves. This includes individual security measures related to their work and personal life, as well as organizing themselves in networks with other defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Article 13 of the Declaration also specifies that the funds must be used "for the express purpose of promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms through peaceful means". In addition, article 3 of the Declaration establishes that while domestic legislation is the proper legal framework to guarantee the enjoyment of the right to access funding, legislation must be consistent with international human rights norms and standards.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Journalists and media workers have also been attacked when their activities include investigations of abuses by powerful non-State actors, such as organized crime (Italy, Mexico) and oil interest groups (Nigeria). Others have also been targeted as a consequence of monitoring preparations for landmark events, such as the Olympic Games (China).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur and her predecessor have expressed concerns about the challenges faced by members and staff of national institutions on a number of occasions. In connection with the country visit to Guatemala in 2008, the issue of members and staff of national institutions often being the victims of threats or attacks was raised in the report.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- All stakeholders, to some degree or other, have a specific responsibility in the process of following-up on communications and files. This is above all a responsibility of governments, since they hold the primary responsibility for heading off human rights violations and threats and attacks against defenders. Further, they also have the responsibility of combating impunity and bringing to justice those responsible for rights infringements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Workplan and Future Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The database of communications sent to States and their replies shows to what extent a large number of governments do not reply adequately to communications, urgent appeals or letters of allegation, however well documented. Their replies do not always cover the situation or the case concerned but simply set out the situation, often in very general terms, without really addressing the seriousness of the cases in question.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur shares civil society observations that other common characteristics of the killings include the overall impunity with which the perpetrators of these crimes can act and the woefully lacking or ineffective protection measures available for environmental human rights defenders at risk. In almost every affected Latin American country, government and corporate actors are involved in the murders of environmental human rights defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is convinced that effective protection of defenders ultimately starts with their identification, and self-identification, as "human rights defenders". Without being perceived by others or perceiving themselves as such, they may not be aware of their rights as defenders, not seek support from peer or support networks and may not receive protection from the State, civil society and the international community.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- We recognize the power of communications technologies, including connection technologies and innovative applications, to promote knowledge exchange, technical cooperation and capacity-building for sustainable development. These technologies and applications can build capacity and enable the sharing of experiences and knowledge in the different areas of sustainable development in an open and transparent manner.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, the communications sent by the mandate during the 2004-2009 period concerning this group of defenders are analysed below. Figures provided in the different sections are the result of a multilayered analysis which has unfolded different elements of the communications sent, including the activities of the alleged victims, the reported violations suffered as well as the alleged perpetrators.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Large-scale development project and human rights defenders 2013, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is dismayed by the reports she has received during the preparation of the present report indicating that relevant information is seldom made available to human rights defenders and local communities who request it. The Special Rapporteur observes that defenders and those affected respond by approaching private companies directly, because they find the assistance of the State inadequate or non-existent.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Some national institutions have entrusted their focal points for human rights defenders to monitor the legal framework affecting their activities. The human rights defenders desk within the Uganda Human Rights Commission reviews draft legislation relevant to defenders on a regular basis, informing the Commission's inputs to the Government in this context.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Elements of a safe and enabling environment for human rights defenders 2014, para. 116
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur deeply regrets that defenders continue to face great risks when trying to engage with the United Nations, its mechanisms and representatives in the field of human rights, and international human rights bodies. As stated above, the Special Rapporteur has raised cases of reprisals against defenders who have collaborated with the United Nations, including the UPR, and has publicly condemned such acts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Workplan and Future Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- While acting in accordance with the working rules of special procedures mandate holders, the Special Rapporteur intends to make the visibility of his mandate and the work of human rights defenders a high priority, using all the means at his disposal. He intends to step up his communication activities with a view to raising awareness in the mass media, the social media and elsewhere of the importance of human rights defenders and their work.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Good practices among international financial institutions include requiring borrowers to communicate to those affected by projects how their feedback in the design and execution of projects has been followed up; denouncing reprisals against defenders and using their influence to protect environmental human rights defenders at risk; and creating independent oversight mechanisms for activities and situations where there is a high risk of human rights violations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- The vast majority of defenders have expressed the need for long-term, flexible funding arrangements that can sustain their programmatic work and accommodate local contexts, and dynamic changes in their environment. They have also expressed the hope that donors will pay particular attention to preparedness and prevention and strengthen their efforts to provide rest, respite and rehabilitation opportunities for defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- We stress the need to enhance sustainable livestock production systems, including by improving pasture land and irrigation schemes in line with national policies, legislation, rules and regulations, enhanced sustainable water management systems and efforts to eradicate and prevent the spread of animal diseases, recognizing that the livelihoods of farmers, including pastoralists, and the health of livestock are intertwined.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 254
- Paragraph text
- We recognize the need for significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources and the effective use of financing, in order to give strong support to developing countries in their efforts to promote sustainable development, including through actions undertaken in accordance with the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development and for achieving sustainable development goals.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Violence against indigenous women and girls; rights of indigenous peoples in relation to extractive industries 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- In this connection, the Special Rapporteur would like to mention three specific ways in which indigenous self-determination may be enhanced in the context of combating violence against women and girls. While the following points are, of course, not exhaustive, they provide some reflections on the measures needed by States and indigenous peoples themselves to address concerns in this regard.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Workplan and Future Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Seminars, round tables, forums and other forms of consultation have been organized on every continent to train human rights defenders, to teach them protection techniques and to protect their means of communication against surveillance risks. Such meetings provide an opportunity for exchanges of good practice and the Special Rapporteur will, where possible, respond positively to invitations made to him to participate in such meetings.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In order to build an environment conducive to the defence of rights, States need to review regularly the adequacy of laws, policies, regulations and enforcement measures to ensure that businesses respect human rights and that environmental human rights defenders are protected. In relation to the latter, civil society has developed a model law for the protection of defenders which provides useful guidance on the features of a comprehensive national protection regime.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Several organizations use protective accompaniment - combining the physical presence of volunteers with advocacy and other activities - to safeguard defenders at risk and to expand their operational space. Accompaniment by local or international actors has helped to deter attacks and to provide psychological support to defenders, given that it demonstrates solidarity between and among defenders locally and transnationally.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- We recognize that, three years from the 2015 target date of the Millennium Development Goals, while there has been progress in reducing poverty in some regions, this progress has been uneven and the number of people living in poverty in some countries continues to increase, with women and children constituting the majority of the most affected groups, especially in the least developed countries and particularly in Africa.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 191
- Paragraph text
- We underscore that the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible cooperation by all countries and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. We recall that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides that parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. We note with grave concern the significant gap between the aggregate effect of mitigation pledges by parties in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with having a likely chance of holding the increase in global average temperature below 2° C, or 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels. We recognize the importance of mobilizing funding from a variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including innovative sources of finance, to support nationally appropriate mitigation actions, adaptation measures, technology development and transfer and capacity-building in developing countries. In this regard, we welcome the launching of the Green Climate Fund, and call for its prompt operationalization so as to have an early and adequate replenishment process.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Extractive industries operating within or near indigenous territories 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- While an awareness and express commitment by States to the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples are evident in the many Government responses received to the Special Rapporteur's questionnaire, these responses, coupled with those received from other sources, also reflect a lack of operative consensus about the extent and means of realization of the State's duties with regard to resource extraction and development projects.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Workplan and Future Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has initiated extremely promising contacts with the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the European Union Special Representative for Human Rights, who both requested him to maintain coordination in Europe with their respective mandates. The same applies to OSCE, which, with the publication of its guidelines on human rights defenders, has provided its member States with a useful tool.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Workplan and Future Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recalls that, in their joint statement on the occasion of Human Rights Day 2013, the special procedures mandate holders expressed their profound concern regarding reprisals against persons who cooperated with them. Calling for a firm response to such reprisals, they said that they supported the designation of a United Nations focal point on the issue and looked forward to such a designation as soon as possible.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Networks of defenders and their allies facilitate the provision of support, heighten recognition and strengthen solidarity for defenders. The stronger and deeper the relationships among network members, the more swiftly they are able to react and to coordinate their actions to protect defenders. This also conveys a strong message to potential violators, warning them of the consequences of targeting defenders in future.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 58k
- Paragraph text
- [We affirm that green economy policies in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication should:] Enhance the welfare of women, children, youth, persons with disabilities, smallholder and subsistence farmers, fisherfolk and those working in small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the livelihoods and empowerment of the poor and vulnerable groups, in particular in developing countries;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 140
- Paragraph text
- We emphasize that HIV and AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, polio and other communicable diseases remain serious global concerns, and we commit to redouble efforts to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support and to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, as well as to renew and strengthen the fight against malaria, tuberculosis and neglected tropical diseases.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 280c
- Paragraph text
- [We invite all relevant agencies of the United Nations system and other relevant international organizations to support developing countries and, in particular, the least developed countries in capacity-building for developing resource-efficient and inclusive economies, including by:] Supporting North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation for the transition to a resource-efficient economy;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Elements of a safe and enabling environment for human rights defenders 2014, para. 123
- Paragraph text
- Defenders should continue supporting the work of national human rights institutions by cooperating with them, advocating for their strengthening and collaborating in the planning and implementation of their activities and programmes. They should also advocate for the establishment of a national human rights institution in full compliance with the Paris Principles in countries where these institutions do not exist.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Workplan and Future Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- At his meetings with human rights defenders, the Special Rapporteur has constantly heard reports of reprisals against those who have spoken to the United Nations, made statements, sent documents or messages, or cooperated with it. Reprisals or the threat of reprisals can take very sophisticated forms and States themselves have become aware of the power of reprisals to muzzle human rights defenders or prevent them from speaking out.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The present report is set against the above background and aims to follow up on the findings made by the Special Rapporteur at seven regional consultations with human rights defenders, as presented to the General Assembly in October 2015 (see para. 24 above). The report therefore explores good practices aimed at protecting human rights defenders and promoting their work, and identifies ways and means to make those practices more effective.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- The duty to consult is a procedural obligation that arises whenever indigenous peoples' substantive rights stand to be affected by a particular action. It should be noted that the duty to consult is not limited to circumstances in which a proposed measure will or may affect an already recognized right or legal entitlement at the national level, for example, rights over traditional lands and territories.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- We reaffirm that a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system will promote agricultural and rural development in developing countries and contribute to world food security. We urge national, regional and international strategies to promote the participation of farmers, especially smallholder farmers, including women, in community, domestic, regional and international markets.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 263
- Paragraph text
- We recognize that ongoing serious global financial and economic challenges carry the possibility of undoing years of hard work and gains made in relation to the debt of developing countries. We further recognize the need to assist developing countries in ensuring long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Violence against indigenous women and girls; rights of indigenous peoples in relation to extractive industries 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Consultation and consent and related safeguards are instrumental to securing indigenous peoples' rights in the face of extractive industries that operate or seek to operate on or near their territories, but understanding the reach of those underlying substantive rights and the potential impacts on those rights must be a starting point for solving the many questions that arise in this context.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 184
- Paragraph text
- We call upon the international community to enhance support and fulfil commitments to advance action in areas critical to Africa's sustainable development, and welcome the efforts by development partners to strengthen cooperation with the New Partnership for Africa's Development. We also welcome the progress made by African countries in deepening democracy, human rights, good governance and sound economic management, and encourage African countries to continue their efforts in this regard. We invite all Africa's development partners, in particular developed countries, to support African countries in strengthening human capacities and democratic institutions, consistent with their priorities and objectives, with a view to furthering Africa's development at all levels, including by facilitating the transfer of technology needed by African countries as mutually agreed. We recognize the continued efforts by African countries to create enabling environments for inclusive growth in support of sustainable development and the need for the international community to make continued efforts to increase the flow of new and additional resources for financing for development from all sources, public and private, domestic and foreign, to support these development efforts by African countries, and welcome the various important initiatives established between African countries and their development partners in this regard.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Extractive industries operating within or near indigenous territories 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Numerous questionnaire respondents highlighted the adverse effects that natural resource extraction projects operating in indigenous territories had on important aspects of indigenous culture, such as language and moral values. Additionally, respondents noted that projects had led to the destruction of places of culture and spiritual significance for indigenous peoples, including sacred sites and archaeological ruins.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Ongoing obstacles to the full realization of indigenous peoples’ rights; vision for the mandate 2014, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Certainly, a number of countries in which indigenous peoples live face enormous developmental challenges and indigenous peoples may be one group among many within a country that experiences difficulties in that regard. Nevertheless, indigenous peoples face distinct challenges, and measures to address social and economic disparities must be differentiated from measures targeting other disadvantaged groups.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Extractive industries and indigenous peoples 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Any decision by the State to proceed with or permit an extractive project without the consent of indigenous peoples affected by the project should be subject to review by an impartial judicial authority. Judicial review should ensure compliance with the applicable international standards regarding the rights of indigenous peoples and provide for an independent determination of whether or not the State has met its burden of justifying any limitations on rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Ongoing obstacles to the full realization of indigenous peoples’ rights; vision for the mandate 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur observes that much work remains to be done to ensure that States and indigenous peoples come together to find common ground and agreement on the most controversial issues. In that regard, States and indigenous peoples often settle into entrenched positions and take adversarial approaches, a tendency that is especially notable in the context of natural resource development.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Violence against indigenous women and girls; rights of indigenous peoples in relation to extractive industries 2012, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The commentary to principle 11 of the Guiding Principles also clarifies that the corporate responsibility to respect human rights "exists independently of States' abilities and/or willingness to fulfil their own human rights obligations, and does not diminish those obligations. And it exists over and above compliance with national laws and regulations protecting human rights."
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur expresses her willingness to collaborate with ratifying countries, indigenous organizations, in particular women's organizations, ILO and others to ensure that this instrument is better known and implemented in partnership with indigenous peoples, thereby hopefully making a concrete difference in the lives of the many indigenous domestic workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Indigenous women experience a broad, multifaceted and complex spectrum of mutually reinforcing human rights abuses. That spectrum is influenced by multiple and intersecting forms of vulnerability, including patriarchal power structures; multiple forms of discrimination and marginalization, based on gender, class, ethnic origin and socioeconomic circumstances; and historical and current violations of the right to self-determination and control of resources.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles define internally displaced person as "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- While the Brookings Process prompted a task force on peace, conflict and security under the auspices of the Development Cooperation Directorate of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to examine best practices pertaining to the gap between relief and development assistance and spurred greater cooperation between the World Bank and UNHCR, it was ultimately unable to secure major changes in the operational cultures of donors and humanitarian and development actors. Nonetheless, the Brookings Process was revived in 2003 to inform UNHCR initiatives under the Framework for Durable Solutions for Refugees and Persons of Concern, including with regard to development assistance for refugees; repatriation, reintegration, rehabilitation and reconstruction; and development through local integration. UNDP, UNHCR and the World Bank have noted that "these initiatives generated mixed results but in the process all contributed immensely to the debate".6 In 2004, in guidance on durable solutions, the United Nations Development Group recognized the predominantly ad hoc approach taken and called for an integrated approach to addressing the development challenges that displacement prevention and sustainable integration of internally displaced persons posed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- In adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, States accepted the solemn commitment to promote the universal respect for, and protection of, all human rights and fundamental freedoms. States also recognized that all human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated. The principle of non-discrimination enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (art. 2), in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (art. 2, para. 1; art. 26) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (art. 2, para. 2), recognizes that individuals are entitled to all human rights without distinction of any kind as to "race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status". Economic, social and cultural rights are guaranteed to "everyone including non-nationals, such as refugees, asylum-seekers, stateless persons, migrant workers and victims of international trafficking, regardless of legal status and documentation", and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights obliges States to take immediate, deliberate, concrete and targeted steps towards the realization of these rights. The non-discrimination principle vis-à-vis migrant workers is reinforced by the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Convention on Migrant Workers), which guarantees the human rights of all migrant workers and their families.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Following this reasoning, the Special Rapporteur emphasizes that there can be no doubt about the pertinence and necessity of adopting special measures to overcome discrimination against indigenous peoples, which is reflected in their marginalized situation of in all parts of the world, and to assist them in progressively achieving their economic, social and cultural rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The implications of this omission are simple but far-reaching: if indigenous peoples' needs and concerns are not reflected in these overall frameworks established by governments and supported by the United Nations system and other bilateral and multilateral donors, they may simply be excluded from development efforts and their rights may even be further undermined.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Conservation measures and their impact on indigenous peoples’ rights 2016, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The impact that conservation initiatives have on indigenous peoples has been a constant and recurring theme since the establishment of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples in 2001. The consequences indigenous peoples have faced in the wake of evermore expanding protected areas have been raised by respective special rapporteurs during numerous country visits and communications to governments.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Much of the attention to date in the area of protection from displacement has focused on protecting individuals or communities from "arbitrary" displacement (Guiding Principle 6), resulting from active violations of human rights by the State or other actors, such as when displacement is used as a form of collective punishment or to effect policies of ethnic cleansing, or when large-scale development projects fail to meet set requirements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur finds that such an inclusive understanding of the right to take part in cultural life is consonant with the holistic worldview of indigenous peoples. She reaffirms that the right to cultural life, in the context of indigenous peoples, is underpinned by the right to self-determination as an indispensable condition for the continued existence of their cultural life.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Rights of indigenous peoples on the impact of international investment and free trade on the human rights of indigenous peoples 2015, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- There is a lack of transparency, social dialogue and legislative oversight during the negotiation and drafting process of international investment agreements. Indigenous peoples and formal representatives are not commonly, if ever, included in negotiation and drafting processes despite the fact that the resulting agreements are legally binding upon their jurisdictions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The stereotypical image of internally displaced persons - reinforced by media reports - remains that of people who flee conflict areas and end up destitute in camps or collective shelters. The reality is far more complex. Every year more people are displaced by natural disasters and development projects than by conflict and violence. The majority of the displaced live with host families or communities, or merge with the urban poor.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- There has often been an implicit assumption that IDPs living outside of camps are less in need of protection and assistance because they are being cared for by family, neighbours or friends, or that they have somehow found a solution on their own. While some may indeed have elected to stay out of camps because they did not want or need assistance, and others managed to progress towards durable solutions on their own, many IDPs outside camps are not in these situations. In some cases, IDPs may need the assistance and protection of an organized camp, but may not have that option: they may be displaced in isolated or remote locations (where there is no camp or host community), not be able to physically make it to camp areas, fear detection by authorities, or camps may be simply be closed or discouraged due to government policies. Moreover, even when IDPs outside camps benefit from initial resources and the support and structures of a host community, these resources tend to degrade over time. In many cases IDPs with sufficient resources to cope in the initial months of displacement, often find these quickly dwindling as they struggle with the high costs of housing, lack of access to land and livelihoods, inability to access social services, the loss of most of their material possessions, and the absence of their usual support structures. As a result, some IDPs outside camps may become more vulnerable over time.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur wishes to refer especially to trafficked victims, as he has received information on persons being trafficked and charged with illegal entry or forging of documentation, disregarding their condition as victims of transnational organized crime. Victims are then re-victimized by the criminal justice system and are trapped in a vicious circle of multiple forms of discrimination and victimization.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Global migration governance 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The European Union makes a distinction between European Union nationals, who have freedom of movement inside the whole territory and are thus not considered migrants, and "third-country nationals". Several European Union directives concerning third-country nationals have been adopted on such issues as high-skilled labour migration and family reunification, and a draft directive on seasonal workers is being negotiated. The European Union migration policies also have an external dimension through the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Regional study: management of the European Union external border and the impact on the human rights of migrants 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to thank everyone who took the time to meet with him and for sharing information about their perspectives and experiences. In particular, the Special Rapporteur expresses his appreciation for the support and cooperation extended by the European Union, and the member States he visited, in assisting with his study. He would also like to sincerely thank the OHCHR Regional Office for Europe for their indispensable support and assistance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Article 5 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination provides the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, including in the enjoyment of civil rights and economic, social and cultural rights. Article 5(e)(i) provides the rights to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work, to protection against unemployment, to equal pay for equal work, and to just and favourable remuneration.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- In this context, it is particularly relevant to identify the rights of internally displaced persons and the corresponding duties of States. This section aims to outline the responsibility of States with regard to the provision of humanitarian assistance, examine the factors that most often impede humanitarian access, and provide recommendations on the way forward.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The urban dimensions of climate change-induced displacement should therefore factor as a key consideration in national medium- and long-term national development strategies, as well as adaptation measures to address potential displacement. Cities may need to become more "expandable" to absorb potential influxes of people. At the same time, in order to decrease unplanned urban migratory flows, potential displacement situations need to be better managed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur wishes to emphasize that all migrants, regardless of immigration status, are first and foremost human beings, entitled to be treated in a manner that complies with international law and human rights standards and therefore, he wishes to draw the attention of the General Assembly to the inadequacy of using the word "illegal" to refer to human beings in a situation of immigration irregularity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Global migration governance 2013, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- IOM is a large international organization with 151 member States, 12 observer States and more than 7,800 staff members in more than 470 locations. IOM is largely operational in its mandate, acting essentially as a service provider to States, with no legal protection mandate in its Constitution. Its purposes and functions, as set out in its Constitution, include the organized transfer of migrants and the provision of migration services related to recruitment, services for voluntary return and a forum for the exchange of views and practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Regional study: management of the European Union external border and the impact on the human rights of migrants 2013, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The findings and recommendations emerging from these visits are presented in the four addenda to this report. Using the country visits as real case examples at the national level, this thematic report seeks to highlight some of the ongoing challenges in the development and implementation of policies, and to provide recommendations to assist the European Union and its member States in overcoming such challenges individually, bilaterally and regionally.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Migrants in detention are sometimes confined in overcrowded locations without adequate health care, food, sanitation or safe drinking water. Some are also subjected to prolonged or indefinite administrative detention, in conditions which have been denounced by the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Global migration governance 2013, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- Most States recognize refugees and the principle of non-refoulement. However, many migrants also have protection needs and cannot simply be dismissed as mere "economic migrants": they may be forced to migrate to escape from poverty, widespread violence, armed conflict, or the effects of climate change (see A/67/299). Some will be at risk of torture and other serious human rights violations if returned to their countries of origin. Many migrants migrate out of a complex, and often changing, mix of voluntary and forced reasons for movement.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe