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European Social Charter (Revised) 1996, para. 1c
- Paragraph text
- With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women workers with family responsibilities and between such workers and other workers, the Parties undertake: 1. to take appropriate measures: c. to develop or promote services, public or private, in particular child daycare services and other childcare arrangements;
- Organe
- Council of Europe
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1996
- Type de paragraphe
- Article
Paragraphe
European Social Charter (Revised) 1996, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women workers with family responsibilities and between such workers and other workers, the Parties undertake: 3. to ensure that family responsibilities shall not, as such, constitute a valid reason for termination of employment.
- Organe
- Council of Europe
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1996
- Type de paragraphe
- Article
Paragraphe
European Social Charter (Revised) 1996, para. 1b
- Paragraph text
- With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women workers with family responsibilities and between such workers and other workers, the Parties undertake: 1. to take appropriate measures: b. to take account of their needs in terms of conditions of employment and social security;
- Organe
- Council of Europe
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1996
- Type de paragraphe
- Article
Paragraphe
European Social Charter (Revised) 1996, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women workers with family responsibilities and between such workers and other workers, the Parties undertake: 2. to provide a possibility for either parent to obtain, during a period after maternity leave, parental leave to take care of a child, the duration and conditions of which should be determined by national legislation, collective agreements or practice;
- Organe
- Council of Europe
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1996
- Type de paragraphe
- Article
Paragraphe
European Social Charter (Revised) 1996, para. 1a
- Paragraph text
- With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women workers with family responsibilities and between such workers and other workers, the Parties undertake: 1. to take appropriate measures: a. to enable workers with family responsibilities to enter and remain in employment, as well as to reenter employment after an absence due to those responsibilities, including measures in the field of vocational guidance and training;
- Organe
- Council of Europe
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1996
- Type de paragraphe
- Article
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 42b (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [In order to ensure the enjoyment of the right to food, States should:] Ensure that market-led land reforms are compatible with human rights. If, despite the reservations expressed in the present report, States choose to seek to improve security of tenure through titling programmes and the creation of land rights markets, they should: Ensure that titling schemes benefit women and men equally, correcting existing imbalances if necessary;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Equal remuneration for work of equal value 1989, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends to the States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women that:] They should consider the study, development and adoption of job evaluation systems based on gender-neutral criteria that would facilitate the comparison of the value of those jobs of a different nature, in which women presently predominate, with those jobs in which men presently predominate, and they should include the results achieved in their reports to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1989
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Ensure gender mainstreaming in all adaptation and mitigation responses to climate change and encourage policy-makers to work with both women and men taking their views into consideration at all levels.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 93d
- Paragraph text
- [To address the structural impact of international trade on the human rights of migrants, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that gender-specific considerations are adequately integrated into the development of such human rights impact assessments so that the impact of trade agreements on the human rights of migrant women and men are identified and effectively mitigated;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Regardless of the vast range of economic arrangements within the family, women in both developing and developed countries generally share the experience of being worse off economically than men in family relationships and following the dissolution of those relationships. Social security systems, nominally designed to improve economic status, may also discriminate against women.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Disadvantages for women in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors undermine their right to food. Women's income possibilities are more constrained than men's; the women's participation in the labour force is lower than men on a global scale - 70 percent of working age men are in the labour force compared to only 40 percent of working age women and the labour force participation rates have stagnated around the world in the past two decades.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- While fostering sociocultural change is a medium- to long-term objective, ensuring the equal enjoyment of rights of men and women is an immediate obligation for States. Therefore they must take immediate actions to alleviate the intensity of women's unpaid care work and redistribute their disproportionate share, including through the "provision of the necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine family obligations with work responsibilities and participation in public life" (article 11 (2) (c)).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Child and dependant care, including sharing of work and family responsibilities 1996, para. 18a
- Paragraph text
- [Research could be conducted drawing on the capabilities of the various United Nations organizations, particularly in the following areas, when compatible with the system-wide medium-term plan for the advancement of women, 1996-2001;] (a) Changes in the situation and attitudes of men and women with regard to the reconciliation of family and professional life and the sharing of family responsibilities - in particular, a study should be conducted in the context of sub-Saharan Africa;
- Organe
- Commission de la condition de la femme
- Type de document
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1996
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men, including caregiving in the context of HIV/AIDS 2009, para. 15q
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges Governments, [...] to take the following actions [...]:] (q) Measure, in quantitative and qualitative terms, unremunerated work that is outside national accounts, in order to better reflect its value in such accounts, and recognize and take necessary measures to incorporate the value and cost of unpaid work within and between households and society at large in policies, strategies, plans and budgets across all relevant sectors;
- Organe
- Commission de la condition de la femme
- Type de document
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2009
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Women's empowerment and the link to sustainable development 2016, para. 23g
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission [...] urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions:] [Strengthening normative, legal and policy frameworks]: Undertake all appropriate measures to recognize, reduce and redistribute unpaid care work by prioritizing social protection policies, including accessible and affordable quality social services, and care services for children, persons with disabilities, older persons, persons living with HIV and AIDS and all others in need of care, and promote the equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men;
- Organe
- Commission de la condition de la femme
- Type de document
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights 2005, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) has taken particular note of factors negatively affecting the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights in many of its general comments, including those on the right to adequate housing, the right to adequate food, the right to education, the right to the highest attainable standard of health, and the right to water. The Committee also routinely requests information on the equal enjoyment by men and women of the rights guaranteed under the Covenant in its list of issues in relation to States parties' reports and during its dialogue with States parties.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2005
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Women’s right and the right to food 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Women also face discrimination in accessing extension services. First, women are underrepresented among extension services agents. Yet, in some contexts, social or cultural rules may prohibit contacts between a woman farmer and a male agricultural agent, especially when the woman is single, widowed or abandoned. Moreover, male agents may have less understanding for the specific constraints faced by women. Second, extension services tend to presume that any knowledge transmitted to the men will automatically trickle down to the women and so that they benefit equally, and meetings may be organized without taking into account the specific time and mobility constraints of women. This reinforces the pre-existing imbalances in decision-making within the household and neglects the fact that the needs of women may be different from those of men.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Occupational health 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In many respects, women are particularly vulnerable to negative health impacts resulting from conditions of work. The majority of women who work are employed in the informal sector, particularly in the lowest paid, lowest skilled jobs, where they are more likely to be exposed to hazardous working conditions. Women are on average paid less than men for the same work, and are more likely to experience violence and harassment in the workplace. Further, many occupational exposures are hazardous to reproductive organs, having serious implications for the sexual and reproductive health of female workers. For example, women of childbearing age, as well as pregnant women working in agriculture, are exposed to highly hazardous pesticides that risk not only their health but also the health of their children. Children born with congenital disorders due to in utero exposure to toxic chemicals endure disabilities for life. These problems are compounded by the fact that work-related diseases affecting women are often underdiagnosed and undercompensated as compared to men.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2012
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The role of men and boys in achieving gender equality 2004, para. 6u
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges Governments [...] to take the following actions:] Encourage men in leadership positions to ensure equal access for women to education, property rights and inheritance rights and to promote equal access to information technology and business and economic opportunities, including in international trade, in order to provide women with the tools to enable them to take part fully and equally in economic and political decision-making processes at all levels;
- Organe
- Commission de la condition de la femme
- Type de document
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2004
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights 2005, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- [The obligation to fulfil requires States parties to take steps to ensure that in practice, men and women enjoy their economic, social and cultural rights on a basis of equality. Such steps should include:] To conduct awareness-raising and training programmes on equality for workers involved in the realization of economic, social and cultural rights at the grass-roots level;
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2005
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Rights-based social protection systems can support progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by, inter alia, promoting women's participation in economic activities, increasing their participation in the workforce, providing them with income security in old age and improving nutritional levels and food security, as well as girls' access to education. If women cannot, on an equal basis with men, benefit from development, participate in the labour market and participate in public decision-making, the achievement of the Goals will be seriously compromised.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men, including caregiving in the context of HIV/AIDS 2009, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- The Commission recognizes that caregiving work at the household, family and community levels includes the support and care of children, older persons, the sick, persons with disabilities, and caring associated with family kinship and community responsibilities, which is affected by factors such as size of household and number and age of children, with significant differences between developed and developing countries in the availability of infrastructure and services supporting caregiving. The Commission also recognizes that gender inequality and discrimination contribute to the continuing imbalance in the division of labour between women and men and perpetuate stereotypical perceptions of men and women. The Commission further recognizes that changes in demographics in ageing and youthful societies, and in the context of HIV/AIDS, have increased the need for, and scope of, care.
- Organe
- Commission de la condition de la femme
- Type de document
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2009
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights 2005, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination against women is "any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field". Discrimination on the basis of sex may be based on the differential treatment of women because of their biology, such as refusal to hire women because they could become pregnant; or stereotypical assumptions, such as tracking women into low-level jobs on the assumption that they are unwilling to commit as much time to their work as men.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2005
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In the public sector, States parties should introduce objective standards for hiring, promotion and termination that are aimed at achieving equality, particularly between men and women. Public sector promotions should be subject to impartial review. For the private sector, States parties should adopt relevant legislation, such as comprehensive non discrimination legislation, to guarantee equal treatment in hiring, promotion and termination, and undertake surveys to monitor changes over time.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Good practice regarding the work-life balance for public and political participation includes both childcare support and institutional family-friendly scheduling. The highest performing countries in terms of proportion of women in public office have the most generous entitlements for maternal and parental leave. This reflects States' effectiveness in creating better options for women to reconcile the balance between work and family life, promoting a better balance of responsibilities between men and women in the home and encouraging a higher percentage of fathers to take parental leave. This demonstrates a significant cultural change in society's views of gender roles, which is itself a culmination of decades of responsive social policies. Good practices regarding gender-sensitive parliaments are found in some Western European and other States that have changed the scheduling of parliamentary session to allow a work-life balance for Members of Parliament who have parental responsibilities.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The effort to transplant the Western concept of property rights has created a number of problems, however. Unless it is transparent and carefully monitored, the titling process itself may be appropriated by local elites or foreign investors, with the complicity of corrupt officials. In addition, if it is based on the recognition of formal ownership, rather than on land users' rights, the titling process may confirm the unequal distribution of land, resulting in practice in a counter-agrarian reform. In particular, this will be the case in countries in which a small landed elite owns most of the available land, having benefited from the unequal agrarian structure of the colonial era. There is also a risk that titling will favour men. Any measures aimed at improving security of tenure should instead seek to correct existing imbalances, as the Land Management and Administration Project in Cambodia does.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Specific, targeted schemes should ensure that women are empowered and encouraged to participate in this construction of knowledge. Culturally-sensitive participatory initiatives with female project staff and all-female working groups, and an increase in locally-recruited female agricultural extension staff and village motivators facing fewer cultural and language barriers, should counterbalance the greater access that men have to formal sources of agricultural knowledge. It is a source of concern to the Special Rapporteur that, while women face a number of specific obstacles (poor access to capital and land, the double burden of work in their productive and family roles, and low participation in decision-making), gender issues are incorporated into less than 10 per cent of development assistance in agriculture, and women farmers receive only 5 per cent of agricultural extension services worldwide. In principle, agroecology can benefit women most, because it is they who encounter most difficulties in accessing external inputs or subsidies. But their ability to benefit should not be treated as automatic; it requires that affirmative action directed specifically towards women be taken.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Women’s right and the right to food 2013, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Due to prevalent societal norms and gender roles, their higher average levels of education, and the fact that they are less constrained, men are often better placed to seize opportunities arising from employment creation in the industry and services sectors. The result is that, with some exceptions (e.g. women migration for household work), men tend to migrate first from rural areas, for longer periods and to further destinations. Women stay behind in the village - especially relatively older women, beyond 35 years of age, who are poorly educated and less independent - to take care of the children and the elderly, and increasingly, also to tend the family plot of land. Data in this area are often imprecise and difficult to interpret, partly because of the lack of gender-disaggregated data, as much of women's contribution to "subsistence" agriculture goes unreported in official statistics, and because the share of women's employment in agriculture varies from crop to crop and from activity to activity - ploughing, for instance, remains predominantly a task performed by men. Nonetheless, overall, this feminization of agriculture is well documented.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In order to ensure that women enjoy all their rights on equal terms with men, States must take all appropriate measures to ensure that care responsibilities are equally shared by men and women. The Convention expressly refers to the sharing of responsibility among men and women and wider society in regard to the upbringing of children (preamble). It notes that States parties must ensure "the recognition of the common responsibility of men and women in the upbringing and development of their children" (article 5). This provision requires States to combat patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men within the family and society at large, and to address discrimination in education and employment and the compatibility of work requirements and family needs. States must, inter alia, prohibit discrimination or dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy or maternity and ensure that men and women have equal opportunities to choose their profession or occupation (see for example articles 11.2 and 16).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe
Access and participation of women and girls in education, training and science and technology, including for the promotion of women's equal access to full employment and decent work 2011, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The Commission recognizes that the upbringing of children requires the shared responsibility of parents, women and men and society as a whole, and that maternity, motherhood, parenting and the role of women in procreation must not be a basis for discrimination nor restrict the full participation of women in society.
- Organe
- Commission de la condition de la femme
- Type de document
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Other
Paragraphe