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Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- In 1989, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women explicitly linked gender-based violence and discrimination against women in its general recommendation No. 12 and called on States parties to include in their reports information on violence and on measures introduced to deal with it. Between 1989 and 1992, the Committee issued a series of general recommendations that addressed some rights violations experienced at the intersection of inter- and intra-gender sex discrimination and violence against women. In 1992 it issued general recommendation No. 19 both to define gender-based violence and to make it discrimination on the grounds of sex within the meaning of the Convention. Much of what is set forth in general recommendation No. 19 is reiterated and refined in the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. CEDAW has also addressed the impact of intersecting forms of discrimination against women and its nexus with gender-based violence. Most recently, in general recommendation No. 27, which deals with the rights of older women, it recognizes that age and sex make older women vulnerable to violence, and that age, sex and disability make older women with disabilities particularly vulnerable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Civil society organizations called for more support for women’s organizations on the ground, underlining that women human rights defenders faced daily threats and harassment, and needed greater protection. At the same time, more regulations addressing violence against particular groups of women, such as women belonging to minority groups; migrants; lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons; elderly women; women with disabilities; and widows, were also supported.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98k
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] United Nations agencies and programmes should be increasingly engaged in the issue of violence against women with disabilities, including in the production of specific reports on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should ensure that the justice sector is responsive to and supportive of women with disabilities who report cases of violence; should support innovative justice services, including one-stop shops, legal aid and specialized courts, in order to ensure substantive and procedural access to justice; and should involve women with disabilities in shaping and restructuring the legal system;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should improve and expand disaggregated data collection (gender, age, disability), including on the prevalence, manifestations, causes and consequences of violence against women with disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should revoke any remaining laws that discriminate on the basis of sex/gender against women with disabilities and address gender bias against women with disabilities in the administration of justice;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should ensure an empowerment perspective, as opposed to a vulnerability perspective, and must apply a social model of disability, as opposed to a medical or charity model, within prevention and response work on violence against women with disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- Very few States have established dedicated institutional mechanisms, programmes or strategies such as national committees or councils on women and disabilities, although some have developed strategies based on the research conducted on violence against women with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and other international law instruments is widespread. However, it has been difficult to assess effective implementation of those instruments with regard to preventing and responding to violence against women with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Violence against women may be permitted by law or carried out under the authority of the State. States may fail to fulfil their obligation to respond to and prevent violence against women with disabilities either through the adoption and implementation of laws and practices that directly violate rights, or by failing to adopt and implement laws and practices that uphold rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The present report aims to deepen the findings of the OHCHR study and further examine the manifestations, causes and consequences of violence against women with disabilities. In addition, the report briefly examines relevant international and regional legal frameworks and provides recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Lesbians and other sexual minorities who identify as female and who have disabilities confront social barriers, isolation, exclusion and violence due to both sexual minority status and disability. Lesbians with psychosocial disabilities have been largely excluded or overlooked in research and treatment, despite their usage of mental health-care and other psychosocial services. They sometimes experience a "cultural contradiction" imposed by society since lesbianism is viewed as a sexual identity, while women with disabilities are often stereotyped as asexual.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The "gender-mainstreaming, disability-inclusive" approach draws upon a feminist-disability discourse that seeks to challenge dominant assumptions about living with a disability, and it situates the disability experience in the context of rights and exclusions. It also questions the assumption that disability is a flaw or a deficiency. To do so, it defines disability broadly from a social rather than a medical perspective. Disability, it is argued, is a cultural interpretation of human variation rather than an inherent inferiority, pathology to cure, or an undesirable trait to eliminate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In 1993, the Vienna Conference on Human Rights adopted a declaration and a programme of action, which took into account both discrimination and violence against women. The Conference addressed specific human rights violations suffered by identifiable groups of individuals, including persons belonging to national, racial, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, indigenous peoples, women, children and persons with disabilities. It also recognized violence against women as a particular human rights violation which required the attention and resources of the United Nations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women: Twenty years of developments to combat violence against women 2014, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The holistic approach to women's rights, by situating violence against women on a continuum from the home to the transnational sphere, has been further developed by the Special Rapporteur in her reports to the General Assembly, such as her 2011 report (A/66/215). In that report, she recommended that States engage in transformative remedies to confront the root causes of violence against women, in order to achieve individual, institutional and structural change. In her 2012 and 2013 reports to the General Assembly, the Special Rapporteur dealt with two issues that had not been specifically addressed in previous thematic reports, namely, violence against women with disabilities and violence with respect to the incarceration of women. Both reports provide a clear illustration of how violence against women intersects with other factors, including different forms of inequality and identity status, such as poverty, health, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion and language.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women: Twenty years of developments to combat violence against women 2014, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The current Special Rapporteur assumed her functions in August 2009 and has continued to build on the work of her predecessors, especially with regard to the themes of intersectionality and State responsibility, while investigating less mainstream aspects of violence against women, such as, reparations for victims of violence; the continuum of violence from the home to the transnational sphere; gender-related killings of women; violence against women with disabilities; and the issue of violence and incarcerated women. In her reports, the Special Rapporteur generally further develops the principle of State responsibility to act with due diligence as a legal framework for the elimination of violence against women, and notes the gap between the normative acceptance of State responsibility for violence and the practical reality for women seeking redress.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities experience an intersecting confluence of violence which reflects both gender-based and disability-based violence (A/HRC/17/26, para. 28). Many studies note a substantially higher risk of violence among disabled women than among the non-disabled population. For example, disabled women are especially vulnerable to forced sterilization and other coercive birth control methods. In addition, the European Parliament recently published a report stating that almost 80 per cent of disabled women are victims of violence generally, and that disabled women are four times more likely than other women to experience sexual violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Violence against women is too often discussed in a theoretical vacuum that focuses only on interpersonal and structural inequalities between men and women, thereby excluding analysis on intra-gender inequalities. It is important to recognize the obstacles faced by women who experience multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, for example women with disabilities, women who belong to ethnic or cultural minorities, women who live in poverty, women who live in rural areas, women who lack citizenship status and older women, among others. This increases the risk that some women will experience targeted, compounded or structural discrimination, in addition to gender-based violence (A/HRC/17/26, para. 17).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] Women with disabilities should be allowed the opportunity and provided with the necessary accommodations to enable them to participate fully in forums discussing the empowerment of women and gender equality. Collaboration within women's rights groups and disabled peoples organizations and with other stakeholders involved in activities to combat violence against women should be enhanced with a view towards including women with disabilities in related dialogue, strategy and institution-building processes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Article 16 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse, specifically addresses the problem of gender-based offences. It provides for the protection of that freedom; educational support for persons with disabilities and their families; monitoring of facilities and programmes to serve persons with disabilities; prevention strategies; recovery programmes; and prosecution of crimes involving exploitation, violence and abuse against such persons. Additionally, it includes provisions regarding the establishment of gender and age-specific supports. Article 25 is also relevant to the issue of violence against women, in recognizing that persons with disabilities have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health, without discrimination on the basis of disability. This includes access to gender-sensitive health services and health-related rehabilitation, sexual and reproductive health and population-based public health programmes, all of which should be provided as close as possible to the individual's community.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The causes of violence against women with disabilities originate in social norms about the nature and type of disability and gender roles. Women with disabilities face many barriers to escaping, resisting, preventing or obtaining redress for violence. Such barriers include, but are not limited to, emotional and financial dependency on the abuser; unwillingness to be stigmatized; fears regarding child custody or single-parenthood; inaccessibility or unavailability of violence prevention programmes and facilities; fear or loss of assistive devices and other supports; concerns about being believed when disclosing the abuse; and reluctance to take any action that may escalate the violence. Also when they seek assistance from police or other members of the community, their complaints may not be taken seriously or may be disbelieved, due to stigma and stereotyping.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Law enforcement and legal agencies may dismiss complaints since they see women with disabilities who require assistive communication or accommodations, as well as women with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities, as lacking credibility. There may also be a tendency for judges to require more corroborating evidence of an assault in cases involving women with disabilities than in other cases, and evidence about prior mental health treatment may be used to discredit the testimony of such witnesses. Women with cognitive disabilities may have more difficulty with remembering the sequence of events, which may make them appear less credible on the stand. The failure to afford the testimony of women with disabilities due respect is problematic in gender-based violence and sexual assault cases, where the testimony of the parties and the credibility of the witnesses are exceptionally important. Women with disabilities face violence at least one and one-half times more often than other women. Thus, excluding them from the witness stand denies the reality that they face violence to a disproportionate degree.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Older women experience disability more frequently as they age, and older women with disabilities are at particularly high risk of violence. Older women face multiple forms of discrimination, with gender, disability and age compounded by other forms of discrimination. General recommendation No. 27 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, on older women and protection of their human rights, recognizes that, inter alia, gender stereotyping and traditional and customary practices can have harmful impacts on all areas of the lives of older women, in particular those with disabilities, and can result in physical violence as well as psychological, verbal and financial abuse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Rural women generally have less access to resources, training and skill development opportunities - due to high levels of illiteracy, the prevalence of negative stereotypes and their overall socioeconomic status. The final report of a workshop on women and disability conducted by the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok in 2003 indicates that more than 80 per cent of women with disabilities in rural areas in Asia and the Pacific have no independent means of livelihood and are thus dependent on others for their economic survival. Inaccessible environments and lack of services, and lack of information and awareness, education, income and contact further exacerbate the situation, resulting in further isolation and invisibility. In the general statement adopted at its fiftieth session on 19 October 2011, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women noted that violence against women, including trafficking in women, sexual exploitation and forced labour, is often linked to poverty and lack of opportunities in rural areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The 2011 report to the Human Rights Council of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences (A/HRC/17/26) focused on the multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination that contribute to and exacerbate violence against women, noting that factors such as ability, age, access to resources, race/ethnicity, language, religion, sexual orientation and gender identity and class can exacerbate the violence women experience. Although women with disabilities experience many of the same forms of violence that all women experience - when gender, disability and other factors intersect - the violence against them takes on unique forms, has unique causes and results in unique consequences.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities make up a significant part of the world's population. According to the 2011 World Report on Disability of the World Health Organization and World Bank, it is estimated that approximately 15 per cent of the world's population lives with some form of disability. The disability level threshold indicates that the male disability prevalence rate is 12 and the female 19.2. Based on such figures, it is clear that women with disabilities constitute a significant portion of the global population. Despite the evolution of normative frameworks concerning both the human rights of women and of persons with disabilities, the impact of the combined effects of both gender and disability have not gained sufficient attention, and violence against women with disabilities remains largely unaddressed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Societal beliefs that claim that one group of people is superior to another group can be a form of structural violence. Beliefs that perpetuate the notion that males are superior to females, that whites are superior to blacks, that persons without physical or mental impairment are superior to those with disabilities, that one language is superior to another, and that one class position is entitled to rights denied to another, are all factors contributing to structural violence that have become institutionalized forms of multiple and intersecting discrimination in many countries. For example, women with disabilities face an intersecting confluence of violence which reflects both gender-based and disability-based violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
27 shown of 27 entities