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The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Communication and engagement with stakeholders. Trafficking in persons is a critical issue for every country, affecting many different groups and cutting across multiple areas of legal and illegal activity. The range of current and potential stakeholders is accordingly very wide. The first mandate holder recognized this aspect of her work from the outset (E/CN.4/2005/71, paras. 41-47) and made consistent efforts to extend her engagement beyond Governments and international agencies to include the full range of civil society organizations working on the issue, as well as those engaged in related areas, such as the rights of migrants and violence against women. Her participatory and collaborative approach was continued and extended by the current mandate holder, who declared an intention to "reach out, listen, learn and share good practice around the world" (A/HRC/10/16, para 62). She has put this commitment into practice through regular, broad-based regional consultations aimed at securing expert input into her work while improving the understanding of the mandate amongst interlocutors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- United Nations agencies have also summarized the measures they perceived to be needed to discourage demand, noting that: Examples of measures to address the demand side are measures to broaden awareness; attention and gender-sensitive research into all forms of exploitation and forced labour and the factors that underpin its demand; to raise public awareness on products and services that are produced by exploitative and forced labour; to regulate, license and monitor private recruitment agencies; to sensitize employers not to engage victims of trafficking or forced labour in their supply chain, whether through subcontracting or directly in their production; to enforce labour standards through labour inspections and other relevant means; to support the organisation of workers; to increase the protection of the rights of migrant workers; and/or to criminalize the use of services of victims of trafficking or forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, States should establish or adapt existing mechanisms and procedures designed to ensure victim protection for the purpose of detecting trafficking cases or the risk of trafficking in all locations where there are large influxes of migrants and refugees, including hotspots, reception centres and administrative detention centres for migrants. While existing referral mechanisms are generally based within or related to police operations, detection and protection of trafficking victims or people exposed to a high risk of trafficking as a result of their attempts to flee conflict should rather be based on procedures established in close cooperation between social authorities and civil society organizations. States have an obligation to detect cases of trafficking and to ensure the full implementation of national legislation providing victims with assistance and support, and such support should not be made conditional on the initiation of criminal proceedings, the legal qualification of the crime or victims' cooperation with law enforcement authorities. Moreover, States should consider extending a number of measures, especially by providing assistance in securing employment, to people at risk of trafficking and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Procedural components of the right to a remedy. The procedural obligations may be conceived as the range of measures needed to guarantee access to an effective remedy, including access to information, legal assistance and regularization of residency status, which contribute to the realization by trafficked persons of the substantive components of the right to an effective remedy. The Special Rapporteur has come to appreciate that certain preconditions must be fulfilled if the right to a remedy for victims of trafficking is to be realized in practice. For example, failure to identify victims in the first place will inevitably operate to deny those persons access to remedies. In too many countries, trafficked persons, including those who have been identified as such, are detained or deported without being given any opportunity to claim compensation. Improvements in identification procedures; the institution of a "reflection and recovery period", during which victims can receive legal and other assistance; and a review of any legal obstacles to access are therefore critical to effective realization of the right to a remedy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The evaluation of the competence of the auditors is also a key concern. The level of understanding of the complexities of detecting trafficking in persons, forced labour and other types of labour exploitation varies among those in the industry. The skills required to, among other things, interview workers, and an auditor’s comprehensive understanding of the specific vulnerabilities of categories of workers, such as migrant or contract workers, are indispensable to ensuring adequate evaluations of a company’s performance on indicators related to trafficking in persons. Unfortunately, one single team of auditors is often charged with the evaluation of the complete set of indicators, including those on other issues, such as deforestation or corruption. It is unlikely that auditors with expertise in environmental concerns would have also the same level of experience in evaluating corporate practices that represent risk indicators of trafficking in persons or forced labour, especially considering the subtle ways in which such practices may be concealed and the fact that workers themselves may be unaware of the wrongfulness of corporate practices that are perceived as common businesses practices, such as compulsory overtime or the payment of recruitment fees.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 56e
- Paragraph text
- [Rights of victims of trafficking in armed conflict. Victims of trafficking are entitled to the same rights, due diligence protection and prevention against trafficking in persons by States whether in times of conflict or otherwise. These rights include:] Right to safe return/protection from retrafficking/protection from persecution. All victims of trafficking who are not residents of the country in which they find themselves are entitled to return to their country of origin. This right places an obligation on the part of the country of origin to receive its returning nationals without undue or unreasonable delay. The right to return also implies an obligation on the country of destination to permit those victims who wish to return to do so, again without undue or unreasonable delay. Detention of trafficked persons in shelters, prisons or immigration detention facilities is one way in which the right to return can be interfered with. International law supports a standard of safe and preferably voluntary return for trafficked persons, which implies, at a minimum, that steps are taken to ensure that victims are not at serious risk of retrafficking or persecution. The right to seek and claim asylum from persecution requires States to avoid returning victims to situations of persecution or risks of serious human rights violations. Issues around return are complicated by conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Internal displacement due to conflict and persecution affects almost 40 million people. Most of the world's internally displaced persons live outside camps, in urban areas and with host communities, and remain invisible because they have not registered as internally displaced persons or wish to remain anonymous. These persons face greater risk of trafficking and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- After fleeing conflict, children may be compelled to work to sustain themselves and/or to support their families. Unaccompanied children often have no choice but to work to meet their basic needs. Iraqi and Syrian refugee children in Lebanon, for example, work in textile factories, construction, the food service industry, agricultural labour or as street vendors in conditions amounting to forced labour. Moreover, there appear to be organized systems within refugee camps for making these work arrangements. In Iraq and Lebanon, Syrian refugee children are trafficked for purposes of exploitation, including begging and selling items on the street. In May 2015, at least 1,500 children, 75 per cent of whom were Syrian, were reported as begging or working as street vendors in and around Beirut, working excessive hours to earn income for their families. These worst forms of child labour, which often mask other forms of exploitation, such as trafficking for forced labour and sexual exploitation, have negative consequences on children's health and education. Unaccompanied children from Afghanistan and the Sudan in refugee camps in Calais and Dunkirk in France are trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced to commit crimes, including stealing or selling drugs, by traffickers who promise them passage to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The journey of female migrants and unaccompanied children is particularly hazardous. Thousands of such women and children have disappeared, presumably abducted for purposes of trafficking related exploitation. Sudanese and Somalian refugees and asylum seekers fleeing conflict, including numerous unaccompanied children, have been kidnapped or lured from refugee camps or while travelling, sold and subsequently held captive in Libya or in the Sinai desert for purposes of exploitation through extortion. People of the Rohingya Muslim minority fleeing persecution in Myanmar take maritime and overland journeys, often through Thailand, to reach Malaysia as irregular migrants. Initially smuggled across borders, some are subsequently trafficked to fishing boats and palm oil plantations, ending up in bonded labour to repay the debts incurred for their transport. Others are held captive and abused in Malaysia until ransom is paid by their relatives. Since 2011, an increased number of Syrian refugees have been trafficked for purposes of labour exploitation in the agricultural, industry, manufacturing, catering and informal sectors in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. Refugees living in such conditions are forced to accept exploitative practices such as longer working hours, lower salaries in exchange of meagre wages, inadequate shelter and other exploitative arrangements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Conflict-related violence, such as sexual violence, can itself be a driver of forced internal displacement, which in turn increases vulnerability to further exploitation, including through trafficking. For instance, in Colombia, sexual violence by armed groups has forced ethnic minority women and girls in remote rural areas away from their communities and placed them at greater risk of trafficking within the country as well as overseas. Additionally in Myanmar, worsening security situations and overcrowded camps with inadequate basic services cause some internally displaced persons along the border between Kachin State and China to risk crossing borders into China in an irregular manner in search of employment, putting themselves at high risk of exploitation because of their lack of legal status. Military attacks on camps further worsen displacement and cause undocumented internally displaced persons, including women and unaccompanied children, to flee their camps, exposing them to the risk of being exploited or trafficked. In contexts such as South Sudan, the Sudan and the Syrian Arab Republic, parties to conflict took advantage of the vulnerability of displaced and refugee populations to recruit children and commit crimes, including sexual violence and abduction. Security forces in the Democratic Republic of Congo have trafficked displaced persons as forced labourers in mines.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The preparation of the report also benefited from the continued collaboration between the Special Rapporteur and other institutions on this topic, including Caritas International, the International Centre for Migration Policy Development, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the Migrants in Countries of Crisis Initiative, the United Nations Organization on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations University, all of whom have worked to pave the way on this issue. Since the identification of the linkage between human trafficking and conflict as a focus of concern under her mandate in her report to the twenty-ninth session of the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/29/38), this issue has garnered increased interest, as evidenced by: (a) the statement by the President of the Security Council on 16 December 2015 (S/PRST/2015/25) requesting, inter alia, that the Secretary-General report back to the Council on progress made to improve the implementation of existing mechanisms countering trafficking in persons; (b) the interactive dialogue held by the Special Rapporteur with Member States during the thirty-second session of the Human Rights Council in June 2016; and the adoption by the Human Rights Council of resolution 32/3 on trafficking in persons, especially women and children: protecting victims of trafficking and people at risk of trafficking, especially women and children in conflict and post-conflict situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, increasingly restrictive and exclusionary immigration policies, including criminalization and detention of irregular migrants, insufficient channels for regular migration and family reunification, and lack of regular access to the labour market for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants, while rarely achieving their purpose, further contribute to an increase in the exploitation of migrants, including through trafficking (A/HRC/26/37/Add.2, para. 46).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- A human rights-based approach has been integral to the mandate since its inception in recognition of the fact that responses to trafficking have not always been grounded in the firm foundations provided by human rights. The Special Rapporteur has consistently maintained that prioritizing other concerns, such as crime prevention and migration control over human rights, distorts the nature of the problem and obscures the most important and effective solutions. The two fundamental principles of a human rights approach were set out by the first mandate holder in her first report and they continue to guide the work of the mandate. They are first, that the human rights of trafficked persons must be at the centre of all efforts to combat trafficking and to protect, assist and provide redress to those affected by trafficking; and second, that anti-trafficking measures should not adversely affect the human rights and dignity of the persons concerned (E/CN.4/2005/71, para. 11). The current mandate holder has actively sought to develop the concept further, for example by showing how consultation with those who will be or have been affected by potential anti-trafficking measures is essential to a human rights approach to trafficking (A/HRC/23/48, para. 76).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- A report by the Global Alliance against Traffic in Women states that "a human rights approach to trafficking is empty and meaningless if it does not place at the very core the voice and agency of trafficked and migrant women". Whilst measures to address demand must evidently also include consultation with men and children, a human rights-based approach to human trafficking must foreground the rights and wellbeing of those who have been trafficked, placing them and their views at the centre of discussions around measures to discourage demand. Genuine inclusion of the views and voices of those who have been trafficked assists in developing a proportionate response and reflecting the rights and desires of victims, as well as the inherent complexity of the issue. A consultative approach encourages the implementation of strategies focusing on the potential impact on such individuals, in keeping with international human rights principles around human trafficking. As the High Commissioner for Human Rights noted, a human rights-based approach "requires us to consider, at each and every stage, the impact that a law, policy, practice or measure may have on persons who have been trafficked and persons who are vulnerable to being trafficked".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Principle 3 of the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking highlights the potential for negative interaction between established rights and new measures to address trafficking. The commentary on the Recommended Principles and Guidelines stresses, in relation to the responses of States to human trafficking, that "human rights law also confirms that States cannot violate non-discrimination principles or norms protecting economic, social and cultural?rights when developing or implementing their response to trafficking". Principle 3 also mentions particularly the rights of those in potentially vulnerable situations due to immigration status, stating: "Anti-trafficking measures shall not adversely affect the human rights and dignity of persons, in particular the rights of those who have been trafficked, and of migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees and asylum-seekers." It makes explicit a responsibility to extend the principle of proportionality to all people, regardless of citizenship of immigration status.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Indicators, including those developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) are increasingly being used as a tool to identify trafficked persons. The Special Rapporteur encourages law enforcement agencies, including police and immigration, to draw on existing indicators in the identification processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- The ability of trafficked persons to claim remedies hinges upon possibilities to remain in countries where remedies are sought, as it would be difficult for them to obtain remedies if they were at risk of expulsion or had already been expelled from the countries. In many instances, however, trafficked persons are misidentified as irregular migrants and detained in immigration detention centres, or immediately deported without being given any opportunities to seek compensation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- While noting these positive developments, the Special Rapporteur underlines that a comprehensive and holistic response aimed at the realization of this right is critical. As discussed in the Human Rights Council report, the realization of the right to an effective remedy hinges upon a variety of interrelated factors. Accurate identification of trafficked persons is a prerequisite for trafficked persons to be able to exercise the right to an effective remedy, as it is almost impossible to do so if they are misidentified as irregular migrants or criminal offenders. They must be also provided with a reflection and recovery period as well as the support and assistance necessary for their recovery on a non-conditional basis, so that they can make an informed decision as to what course of action they would like to pursue. If trafficked persons wish to seek compensation for the harms suffered, they need to be equipped with information about their rights and the avenues available to exercise their rights, legal assistance, interpretation and other necessary services, and regular residence status. Trafficked persons must be recognized as holders of rights from the moment that they are identified as trafficked and States must implement responses underpinned by all of these elements necessary for trafficked persons to enjoy the right to an effective remedy. Ad hoc measures designed to address only some of these aspects would be hardly sufficient if the right to an effective remedy were to be fully realized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Over the past decade, private contractors have been employed by States and their military to support large-scale military operations. While not all cases of contracting and subcontracting involve trafficking for labour exploitation, there have been cases where large firms that hold the prime contract with States and their militaries hire migrant workers through smaller subcontractors or local employment agencies to perform tasks including cleaning, construction, cooking and serving, and haircutting.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur expects to focus on the prevention of labour exploitation, including of vulnerable or marginalized groups such as migrants, children, national, ethnic or racial minorities, asylum seekers and refugees, by engaging with businesses, trade unions and other relevant parties, and by further exploring ways to better regulate and monitor the activities of recruitment and employment agencies, with a view to preventing abusive practices leading to debt bondage, trafficking and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- With regard to safe migration, the creation of opportunities for legal, gainful and non-exploitative migration is crucial for preventing future trafficking and is a responsibility that falls on countries of origin, as well as on countries of destination. It is important to ensure that safe migration efforts are developed and implemented within a human rights framework, in order to ensure that basic rights, such as freedom of movement and the prohibition on discrimination, are not compromised.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 61a
- Paragraph text
- [Participants identified several other actions and interventions, listed below, which have also helped the Special Rapporteur define areas for further engagement and work under the mandate in strengthening the strategies implemented by multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to detect and tackle trafficking in persons:] Corporate codes and policies must be strengthened to address risks of trafficking and forced labour in recruitment and labour supply chains, and must set out specific protections for migrant and other vulnerable workers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In the light of such concerns, the report analyses various aspects of prevention measures, such as addressing the root causes of trafficking in persons, reducing demand for exploitative labour and services, promoting safe migration and raising awareness of risks associated with trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Regarding lessons learned and challenges in detecting cases of forced labour and trafficking in persons, representatives of the auditing community were asked to consider the strengths and weaknesses of current audit strategies, including how auditors addressed recruitment and migration practices, how they gathered information from workers, and challenges and constraints related to client expectations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The need to address the demand for exploitable labour and services translates into the need to create more opportunities for "safe" migration, that is, legal, gainful and non-exploitative migration. Strategies to address the demand and prevent trafficking should be guided by the recognition of the continuing demand for low- or semi-skilled labour and the promotion of opportunities for regular labour migration, as well as States' obligations to respect, protect and promote the labour rights of all workers, including migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, increasingly restrictive and exclusionary immigration policies, including criminalization and detention of irregular migrants, insufficient channels for regular migration and family reunification and lack of regular access to the labour market for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants further contribute to an increase in the exploitation of migrants, including through trafficking. During the past decade in particular, restrictions on entry to preferred countries of asylum have become more onerous and appear directed towards thwarting the arrival of those who might claim asylum and refugee status. This forces migrants, including asylum seekers and refugees fleeing conflict, into the arms of those able to help them circumvent controls. For such migrants, the clandestine nature of their journey, the often unscrupulous and corrupt conduct of their facilitators and collaborators and the extent to which some States will go to prevent their departure, transit or arrival all operate to create or exacerbate opportunities for traffickers who prey on their precarious situation. For instance, Rohingya from Myanmar typically embark on maritime and overland journeys, often via Thailand, to irregularly reach Malaysia. Initially smuggled across borders, some are subsequently trafficked to fishing boats and palm oil plantations for labour exploitation, ending up in bonded labour to repay the debts incurred from the transport. Others are held captive and abused in Malaysia until ransom is paid by their relatives (see A/HRC/29/38/Add.1, para. 19).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Refugees and asylum seekers are vulnerable to trafficking. Refugees fleeing the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic through Lebanon and Turkey often become subject to trafficking-related exploitation, including child labour, forced prostitution, forced and early marriage and exploitation and begging. Refugees and asylum seekers, including numerous unaccompanied children from the Sudan and Somalia, have been kidnapped or lured from refugee camps or while en route, sold on and subsequently held captive in Libya or the Sinai desert for purposes of exploitation through extortion.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Conflict is accompanied by a breakdown in public institutions, violation of human rights, erosion of essential services, heightened tensions within and between communities that previously coexisted in relative peace, inequalities and impoverishment. Conflicts and the resulting increase in displacement affect an already strained international asylum/refugee system. Lack of access to safe and legal migration options forces many persons fleeing conflict to use the services of illegal facilitators, increasing their exposure to exploitation, including trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Conflict severely affects individuals, families, communities and nations on a global scale. In 2014, 41 active conflicts were identified, with the most acute in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. In the same year, conflict and persecution forced a daily average of 42,500 individuals to leave their homes and seek protection, either within their own country or in other countries. The number of persons displaced because of conflict and persecution in 2014 stood at an unprecedented 59.5 million, a 40 per cent increase in just three years.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- An overview of the international legal framework around trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations, which draws on multiple branches of law, including transnational criminal law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, refugee law and human rights law, is provided by the Special Rapporteur in her report to the thirty-second session of the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/32/41, paras. 44-55). The report also covers the laws and instruments that address specific violations related to trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
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