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Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- United Nations agencies have also summarized the measures they perceived to be needed to discourage demand, noting that: Examples of measures to address the demand side are measures to broaden awareness; attention and gender-sensitive research into all forms of exploitation and forced labour and the factors that underpin its demand; to raise public awareness on products and services that are produced by exploitative and forced labour; to regulate, license and monitor private recruitment agencies; to sensitize employers not to engage victims of trafficking or forced labour in their supply chain, whether through subcontracting or directly in their production; to enforce labour standards through labour inspections and other relevant means; to support the organisation of workers; to increase the protection of the rights of migrant workers; and/or to criminalize the use of services of victims of trafficking or forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that employment contracts are clear and transparent and are respected, and should require and ensure that written contracts of employment are provided to workers specifying the job to be performed and the terms and conditions of employment, including those derived from collective agreements. The contract, or an authoritative copy, should be in the language of the worker or in a language the worker can understand, and the necessary information should be provided in a clear and comprehensive way in order to allow the worker to express his or her free and informed consent. Contracts for migrant workers should be provided sufficiently in advance of their departure from their country of origin. The contracts should not be substituted and should be enforceable in the destination country. While respecting confidentiality and the protection of personal data, Governments may consider the use of information technology to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. In the absence of a written contract, States should ensure that all rights of recruited workers are respected in accordance with existing legislation and regulations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The evaluation of the competence of the auditors is also a key concern. The level of understanding of the complexities of detecting trafficking in persons, forced labour and other types of labour exploitation varies among those in the industry. The skills required to, among other things, interview workers, and an auditor’s comprehensive understanding of the specific vulnerabilities of categories of workers, such as migrant or contract workers, are indispensable to ensuring adequate evaluations of a company’s performance on indicators related to trafficking in persons. Unfortunately, one single team of auditors is often charged with the evaluation of the complete set of indicators, including those on other issues, such as deforestation or corruption. It is unlikely that auditors with expertise in environmental concerns would have also the same level of experience in evaluating corporate practices that represent risk indicators of trafficking in persons or forced labour, especially considering the subtle ways in which such practices may be concealed and the fact that workers themselves may be unaware of the wrongfulness of corporate practices that are perceived as common businesses practices, such as compulsory overtime or the payment of recruitment fees.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 85d
- Paragraph text
- [Taking in account States' obligations under international human rights law, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer a set of recommendations which may serve as a basis for human rights-based measures to discourage the demand that fosters or leads to trafficking in persons:] It is necessary to put regulatory and supervisory mechanisms in place whenever they encourage or facilitate any forms of labour migration, as the absence of such mechanisms has had the effect of facilitating trafficking in persons. Legislation is required to protect anyone who, in the absence of appropriate protection, can be exploited with relative ease (such as migrant workers in general, child workers,particularly those below the minimum age for admission to employment) and anyone working outside a formal or regulated workplace (such as migrant domestic workers and other migrants, particularly women, who work in unregulated or informal workplaces). Legislation may also be required to ensure that any places where trafficked persons may be deployed to work or earn money, including informal workplaces or settings, are subject to the rule of law and can be checked by law enforcement officials, if necessary;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur expects to focus on the prevention of labour exploitation, including of vulnerable or marginalized groups such as migrants, children, national, ethnic or racial minorities, asylum seekers and refugees, by engaging with businesses, trade unions and other relevant parties, and by further exploring ways to better regulate and monitor the activities of recruitment and employment agencies, with a view to preventing abusive practices leading to debt bondage, trafficking and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 71b
- Paragraph text
- [The United Nations should:] Address labour exploitation by making all necessary efforts to ensure that, in conflict and post-conflict areas and including in the context of peacekeeping operations, all workers, including migrant workers, employed by State and non-State military actors, their contractors and subcontractors are employed in decent conditions of work, and establish a zero-tolerance policy towards violations of those workers' fundamental rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 76b
- Paragraph text
- [The United Nations should:] Address labour exploitation by making all necessary efforts to ensure that, in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, all workers, including migrant workers, employed by State and non-State military actors, their contractors and subcontractors are employed under decent conditions of work, and establish a zero-tolerance policy towards violations of their fundamental rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Due diligence to prevent trafficking requires action to address the wider, more systemic processes or root causes that contribute to trafficking in persons, such as inequality, restrictive immigration policies, and unfair labour conditions, particularly for migrant workers. Due diligence requires that in developing, implementing and assessing prevention approaches, initiatives be based on accurate data and targeted to those most at risk of trafficking in persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Regarding lessons learned and challenges in detecting cases of forced labour and trafficking in persons, representatives of the auditing community were asked to consider the strengths and weaknesses of current audit strategies, including how auditors addressed recruitment and migration practices, how they gathered information from workers, and challenges and constraints related to client expectations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Demand for exploitative labour and services, particularly demand by employers and third parties involved in trafficking, should be addressed as a root cause of trafficking. To that end, States should develop or strengthen immigration policies informed by the evidence-based recognition of the demand for migrant labour, including low- and semi-skilled labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The need to address the demand for exploitable labour and services translates into the need to create more opportunities for "safe" migration, that is, legal, gainful and non-exploitative migration. Strategies to address the demand and prevent trafficking should be guided by the recognition of the continuing demand for low- or semi-skilled labour and the promotion of opportunities for regular labour migration, as well as States' obligations to respect, protect and promote the labour rights of all workers, including migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, migrant workers can also be trafficked into conflict zones by private contractors employed by States and their military forces to support large-scale military operations. While not all situations of contracting and subcontracting involve trafficking for labour exploitation, there have been cases where large firms that hold the prime contract with States and their militaries hire migrant workers through smaller subcontractors or local employment agencies to perform certain tasks, including cleaning, construction, cooking and serving and haircutting.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that bilateral and multilateral agreements on labour migration include mechanisms for oversight of recruitment of migrant workers, are concluded between countries of origin, transit and destination, as relevant, and are implemented effectively. States should also ensure that such agreements are consistent with internationally recognized human rights, including fundamental principles and rights at work, and other relevant international human rights instruments and labour standards. Agreements should also contain specific mechanisms to ensure international coordination and cooperation, including on consular protection, and to close regulatory and enforcement gaps related to recruitment across common labour migration corridors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should define indicators to assess the risk level of clients and determine the intensity and frequency of audits. Such indicators should take into account elements such as State ratification and enforcement of relevant international conventions on human rights and labour standards; the existence of regulatory regimes that regulate recruitment activities in accordance with international standards and guidelines; the level of informality within the economic sector in which the client operates; the percentage of vulnerable groups in the client’s workforce, including the number of migrant, temporary, seasonal, contractual or home-based workers; the level of complexity of the client’s labour supply chains; and client’s previous record on these issues.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The consultations also fostered robust dialogue on strategies and engagement aimed at promoting workers’ voices and empowerment within sustainability initiatives, especially within compliance monitoring schemes, including complaints hotlines, the use of worker surveys, good practices in engaging workers during audits, training and capacity-building for workers on their rights and responsibilities in the workplace, and training on worker-management dialogue in the workplace. However, ensuring that potentially vulnerable workers, such as migrants, young people and women, were not inadvertently excluded from these new strategies was identified as a challenge.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Budget constraints imposed by client companies and limitations in audit protocols with respect to worker interviews, including the practical challenges of interviewing migrant workers from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, are also key concerns. Given the low levels of awareness among clients about trafficking and forced labour risks and a lack of systems for assessing recruitment and migration practices, the level of detection of trafficking in persons and forced labour cases remains low. An underlying problem identified through the dialogue with the auditing industry is the absence of representatives of that industry at standard-setting negotiations within multi-stakeholder initiatives. As a result, such negotiations can produce auditing protocols that are not effective or practical.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In addition to national legislative frameworks on the accountability of businesses and the effective transposition of international standards to national labour codes, the existence of national policy and legislative frameworks in other areas also plays an important role in tackling and reducing trafficking in persons and forced labour. While not directly addressing the issue of trafficking in persons, measures such as those to regulate recruitment are crucial in reducing risk factors. Indeed, in 2014 the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants dedicated part of his report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/26/35) to the issue of recruitment in the context of labour exploitation of migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- A pattern of deceptive recruitment, excessive recruitment fees, confiscation of workers' passports, dangerous working conditions and poor living conditions, debt bondage, underpayment or non-payment of wages and other types of abuse and exploitation are, in some cases, indicative of trafficking in persons for labour exploitation within the scope of the international legal definition. Examples include the exploitative recruitment of South Asian migrant workers to provide service at military worksites of conflict areas in the Middle East. The subcontractor deceives the workers about the country of work, which is more dangerous than the promised country, and the type of work to be done, and withholds workers' passports to prevent them from fleeing the conflict zone where they were deceptively hired to work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- A pattern of deceptive recruitment, excessive recruitment fees, confiscation of workers' passports, dangerous working conditions and poor living conditions, debt bondage, underpayment or non-payment of wages and other types of abuse and exploitation are, in some cases, indicative of trafficking in persons for labour exploitation within the scope of the international legal definition. Examples include the exploitative recruitment of South Asian migrant workers to provide service at military worksites in conflict areas in the Middle East. Subcontractors deceive workers about the identity of the country where they will be working, which is more dangerous than the promised country of destination, as well as about the type of work they will be doing, and also withhold workers' passports to prevent them from fleeing the conflict zone where they were deceived into working.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Instead, a meaningful due diligence approach broadens the scope of identification to address a wider class of potential or presumed victims, as part of a comprehensive approach to prevention rather than a solely reactive or post-hoc due diligence measure. A wider and more pre-emptive approach necessarily involves a broader range of actors beyond law enforcement or border officials in identification. Good practices in this regard include involving actors such as labour and health and safety officials in identification of trafficking victims. Another good practice is for States to assign labour attachés to the staff of diplomatic missions, particularly in those countries that receive the largest number of a State's migrant workers. In order to facilitate victims' trust and identification - and subsequent protection and assistance - firewalls between certain areas (e.g., between enforcement of immigration laws and enforcement of labour laws) will often be necessary.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Good practices in prevention should also address all types of trafficking. For example, good practices to combat trafficking in persons for the purpose of domestic servitude in diplomatic households include that undertaken in Austria, where authorities request that foreigners who seek to work for a diplomatic household have a written contract that complies with Austrian labour law. Workers must also apply in person for a diplomatic legitimation card, giving Austrian authorities, "an opportunity to interview the applicants, examine their work contracts, and inform them of their rights and obligations while in Austria and of the contact details of NGOs which could be of assistance." Good practices to prevent labour trafficking include States regulating the supply of workers to sectors by controlling the licensing of employment agencies working in these fields. For example, in the United Kingdom, the Gangmasters Licensing Authority regulates the supply of workers in certain labour-intensive industries (e.g., agriculture, horticulture, forestry, fishing, food processing).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The mandate holders have ascertained that the failure to protect the rights of workers, and in particular migrant workers, is a major contribution to exploitation related to trafficking. By way of prevention, the Special Rapporteur has repeatedly called on States to strengthen enforcement of labour laws and build the capacities of labour inspectorates to supervise workplaces, including common sites of exploitation for trafficked persons such as brothels, private homes, farms and small factories, and take steps to regulate the recruitment agencies, which along with the legitimate businesses that use their services, are profiting handsomely from the exploitation of migrant workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Following its second meeting in 2010, the Chair of the Working Group on Trafficking in Persons of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime noted the range of measures for States parties to take: States parties should adopt and strengthen practices aimed at discouraging demand for exploitative services, including considering measures to regulate, register and license private recruitment agencies; raising the awareness of employers to ensure their supply chains are free of trafficking in persons; enforcing labour standards through labour inspections and other relevant means; enforcing labour regulations; increasing the protection of the rights of migrant workers; and/or adopting measures to discourage the use of the services of victims of trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Creative campaigns enable consumers to make informed decisions about the products that they buy and to ensure that they are free of trafficked labour. For example, the "Buy Responsibly" campaign, launched by the International Organization for Migration, uses various media to raise public awareness of the fact that products purchased regularly may be made using trafficked or exploited labour and provides practical information about how consumers may make informed choices in purchasing products. Not for Sale, a non-governmental organization, also strategically uses various media to educate consumers about how their products are made. For example, it has launched an interactive online survey about consumer lifestyles to find out the number of slaves who probably would have been involved in sourcing and producing the products that the respondent owns and uses every day. It also runs the "Free2Work" campaign, which provides consumers with ratings on the basis of a brand's trafficking-related policies, transparency, monitoring and worker rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, businesses may be indirectly associated with the crime of trafficking when their suppliers, subcontractors or business partners supply goods or services produced or provided by trafficked persons. This type of situation creates significant challenges for businesses, given that supply chains in today's global economy are often complex and may involve multiple layers of suppliers and subcontractors in various countries and regions, which hampers monitoring of the entire production process. In recent years, a growing number of companies, in particular those with complex global supply chains, have been increasingly faced with allegations of trafficking within their supply chains made by the media and civil society organizations. For example, global clothing companies have been accused of human trafficking and slavery through the use of subcontractors who exploited migrant workers in Asia, while chocolate and confectionary companies have been accused of benefiting from trafficked children who were forced to work under harsh conditions in cocoa farms in West Africa. An international tobacco company has also been linked to allegations of trafficking and forced labour through the conduct of tobacco farm owners who supply tobacco to the company's subsidiary in Kazakhstan. In the tobacco farms, children of migrant workers were reportedly employed under harsh conditions considered to be the worst forms of child labour and some employers allegedly confiscated migrant workers' passports, did not pay regular wages, cheated them of earnings and forced them to work excessively long hours. While the international company had no direct contractual relationship with the tobacco farm owners, it has nevertheless found it difficult to disassociate itself from the allegations in the light of the significant economic benefits that it ultimately derives from such conduct.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Businesses may be linked to human trafficking in various ways. They may be directly implicated in the crime of trafficking when they recruit, transport, harbour or receive persons for the purpose of exploitation during the course of their business. This may occur with or without the knowledge of the management or if the company has recruited the persons itself or through a third party, such as a private recruitment agency. For example, the construction industry has been linked to trafficking in this manner, exploiting internal or international migrants supplied through informal and clandestine recruitment systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- States should recognize that creating opportunities for regular labour migration that respond realistically to the economic and societal demand for such migration rather than artificially restricting legal migration channels is the key to preventing trafficking in persons. Among other measures, States should actively seek to adopt bilateral and multilateral agreements providing for legal labour migration, particularly for low- and semi-skilled labour. This should be designed, implemented and monitored with the active participation of migrant workers themselves to ensure their effectiveness in promoting safe migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The protection of the human rights of migrants is of paramount importance in preventing exploitation that leads to trafficking. Thus, States should respect, protect and promote the human rights of migrants, particularly labour rights in sectors where such protection has traditionally been weak or absent, such as domestic work. To that end, States should sign, ratify and enforce all relevant human rights instruments, in particular the Palermo Protocol and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- From this perspective, the Special Rapporteur believes that it is important to address the lack of regulations and labour rights as one of the key structural factors fostering trafficking in persons, whether for sexual exploitation or labour exploitation. In destination countries, the exploitation of migrant workers often takes place in the context of economic activity that is illegal or informal, or poorly regulated or unregulated, or in sectors in which it is difficult to enforce regulatory controls and profit margins are extremely low (CTOC/COP/WG.4/2010/3/para. 15). Indeed, studies show that the demand for exploitative labour or services is almost completely absent where workers are well unionized and labour standards are routinely monitored and enforced. Therefore, it is imperative to address the demand for cheap and exploitable labour and services through the framework of labour rights protection and migration management. A good example of regulation in sectors where trafficked persons are found is the introduction by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of the Gangmasters (Licensing) Act in 2004, which created a compulsory licensing system for all employment agents supplying workers for agricultural activities, gathering shellfish and related processing and packaging activities, supervised by a special licensing authority. Thus, reforming employment laws to check abuses in sectors that have formerly gone unpoliced, such as domestic work in private houses or training and deploying labour inspectors or other officials to check the contracts and working conditions of migrant workers is imperative for preventing trafficking for exploitative labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In this process, the dynamic force of globalization and trade liberalization exacerbates the feminization of poverty and migration. A number of reports indicate that structural adjustment measures imposed by global financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund increased poverty, unemployment, inequality and the degree of insecurity in many countries. In many cases, such adverse effects fall on women, as structural adjustment often involves the privatization of the public sector, which reduces access to social services that women may rely on. Trade liberalization may also result in cheap imports so that certain industries dominated by women, such as agriculture and textiles, are not able to survive, causing a loss of employment of the women. These effects all contribute to creating powerful "push" factors for women to migrate to seek employment outside their countries of origin, even at the risk of abuse, exploitation and trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
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