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Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- However, community-based health insurance programmes may be unable to achieve effective cross-subsidization owing to the size and constitution of community pools. In most cases, community-based pools are very small in size and comprise poor individuals at high risk for illness; financial and health risks therefore may not be effectively subsidized across pool members. Contributions to community-based health insurance have also been shown to be regressive in some instances, as contributions are made as flat amounts and income-rated contributions and exemptions for the poor have been difficult to implement owing to challenges in determining household incomes. Moreover, the costs associated with collecting contributions from populations in rural areas and informal urban areas are high relative to the revenue generated from contributions. Thus, while in some cases community-based insurance programmes may be used to increase access to health facilities, goods and services for vulnerable or marginalized groups and facilitate the participation of communities in health-related decision-making processes, they are not a substitute for larger, more centralized pooling mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- This departure from universal human rights principles and this selective approach, ignoring or not adequately addressing one or more rights of a group of the population, reinforces cycles of poverty, inequalities, social exclusion, discrimination and violence, and in the longer run has a negative impact on the health and development of society in general.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 103l
- Paragraph text
- [As a matter of priority, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] Member States consider expanding the focus of investment in physical health and reduction of mortality, traditionally based on the classical determinants of health such as poverty, education, housing and water and sanitation, to address other determinants, including the quality of physical and psychosocial environments;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The primary financial barrier to accessing health care in most States is out-of-pocket payments. Out-of-pocket payments are payments for health goods and services made by the user at the point of service delivery. In 2007, in 33 mostly low-income countries, out-of-pocket payments represented more than 50 per cent of total health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments may also lead to catastrophic health expenditures. Every year approximately 100 million people, in mostly low-income countries, are pushed into poverty owing to excessive or catastrophic spending on health care. At a minimum, the right to health requires States to reduce out-of-pocket payments for health and eliminate those payments that disproportionately impact on the poor. The pooling of prepayments for health goods and services reduces out-of-pocket payments for all users and may eliminate these payments for the poor. Pooling thus insulates users against catastrophic health expenditures through the cross-subsidization of financial risks associated with expenditures on health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
4 shown of 4 entities