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Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- In keeping with their obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health, States should formulate and implement a national public health strategy and plan of action to address diet-related NCDs, which should be widely disseminated. Such a strategy should recognize the link between unhealthy foods and NCDs, while specifically addressing the structural flaws in food production, marketing and retail that promote the availability and accessibility of unhealthy foods over healthier options. Towards this end, States should necessarily develop multisectoral approaches that include all relevant ministries such as ministries of health, agriculture, finance, industry and trade. States should also ensure meaningful and effective participation of affected communities such as farmers and vulnerable groups like children, women and low-income groups in all levels of decision-making to discourage production and consumption of unhealthy foods and promote the availability and accessibility of healthier food options.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- As the food industry plays a key role in the global food environment and is recognized as the primary driver of diet-related NCDs, it has a distinct responsibility to take steps to realize the right to health. While many challenges facing the food system, like environmental pressures such as draughts and floods, are out of the control of the food industry, there are several areas where it can make a positive impact on health by investing in and influencing healthier food choices. To this end, the industry should consider adopting standards to improve the nutritional quality of foods through product reformulation and to improve labelling and information on their products to contribute to healthier diets. The food industry should also invest in research to improve the nutritional content of their products rather than investing in increasing the marketability of existing products. Furthermore, supermarkets and fast food restaurants should take steps to market and promote healthier options. For example, in addition to providing calorie content of meals on menu cards, fast food restaurants should adopt appropriate nutrient profiling models that indicate the nutritional composition of the foods available.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Studies have shown that the food industry uses various strategies to undermine public health nutrition efforts. For example, the food industry hires prominent academics for their advisory boards, which may result in findings being more favourable towards the food industry, with the danger that the food industry may use such biased findings to support its claims on nutrition. Other tactics include the funding of front groups (that appear independent, yet are controlled by other organizations), lobbying and instituting lawsuits and threats thereof. It has also been shown that, under the guise of corporate social responsibility to meet their ethical obligations towards society at large, big soft drink companies have attempted to shift the burden of the responsibility to make healthier choices onto consumers instead of addressing their role in creating an unhealthy food environment. Furthermore, corporate social responsibility has also been used by the big soft drink industry as a means to thwart attempts at government regulation and increase sales of their products, particularly to children. Such acts result in a negation of the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Nutrition, an underlying determinant of the right to health, is essential to children's health, survival and development. Adequate nutrition begins in utero, since the nutritional status of woman shortly before and during pregnancy can affect the health and healthy development of the child after birth.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 68b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to the international obligations of States, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States take the following steps:] Extend assistance and cooperation to other States, which, due to limited resources available to them, may be unable to attain required nutrition standards, leading to an increased burden of diet-related NCDs;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 66e
- Paragraph text
- [Recognizing the role of the food industry in the growing burden of NCDs, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the food industry take the following steps:] Abstain from undermining public health nutrition efforts, including through such means as funding and publicizing biased research, instituting front groups and conducting expensive and onerous litigation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 66d
- Paragraph text
- [Recognizing the role of the food industry in the growing burden of NCDs, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the food industry take the following steps:] Increase transparency of nutritional information on food products, while desisting from making false and misleading health claims;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Due to the increased prevalence of NCDs and their link to practices adopted by the food industry, access to remedies is necessary. Judicial remedies to hold TNCs accountable for the violations of the right to health are particularly hard to achieve. Investment treaties such as bilateral investment treaties and free trade agreements, which facilitate the foray and entrenchment of TNCs into domestic economies, contain international dispute settlement mechanisms that allow private companies to sue States. However, these treaties impose unilateral obligations on host States, so that it becomes difficult to bring TNCs into their domestic legal system, including the judicial system. Moreover, the principles of limited liability and separate legal personalities are often relied upon by parent companies to absolve themselves of any liability of their subsidiaries operating in various jurisdictions. Even where remedies against domestic companies exist, their enforcement is often absent or lax, and companies are not penalized for non-compliance. Consumers should be able to seek remedies against food companies, irrespective of the country of origin of the parent company. States should therefore clarify under domestic law the liability of the parent company and its subsidiaries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- States should encourage community health programmes on diet-related NCDs, such as peer education, community gardening and cooking initiatives, or healthy eating initiatives based at schools, workplaces, primary health-care centres or food vendors. Since addressing the risk factors of NCDs involves long-term behavioural change, ownership of health policies by local communities can ensure the success and sustainability of nutrition and preventive health programmes. The participation of local communities ensures that health policies and programmes are better targeted to their health needs. Including children's involvement and input in school lunch programmes can help identify options that are both healthy and appealing to children, and has often shown that the perception that children prefer unhealthy options is inaccurate. Local participation by residents of low-income areas may help provide an assessment of foods available in those areas that is more reflective of the day-to-day experiences of residents than expert-formulated surveys would be able to establish. Likewise, educating and involving consumers and informal sector food vendors in healthy food programmes can improve nutrition in a sector that is otherwise difficult to regulate, while also allowing such vendors to maintain their livelihoods.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Global food promotion, marketing and advertising are closely linked with globalization, leading to dietary transitions towards unhealthy foods. The aim of food marketing is to increase demand for products by making people develop the habit of consuming the product regularly. Aggressive expansionist strategies pursued by TNCs in emerging economies over the last few decades have increased the visibility and familiarity of global food brands, which are then leveraged to increase consumption of these products. Specific marketing tools are used to increase consumption by ensuring the presence of global food brands in as many places as possible at affordable prices, while expanding the variety of their products to suit local tastes and purchasing capacities. In order to cater to some rural areas and low-income populations, soft drink companies have invested in smaller bottles at lower prices to create acceptability of the product. In other places, portion sizes are increased to encourage greater consumption. At an individual level, increased purchasing power and the convenience of ready-to-eat products promote the consumption of unhealthy foods. At a population level, the aggressive and systematic marketing strategies used by TNCs fuel this demand.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective and full implementation of the right to health framework, including justiciability of ESCR and the right to health; the progressive realisation of the right to health; the accountability deficit of transnational corporations; and the current ... 2014, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Globalization and trade liberalization have allowed transnational corporations to gain greater and easier access to otherwise closed markets. Their increasing presence in the world economy has enabled them to influence international and domestic law-making and infringe upon States' policy space. They have influenced food consumption patterns and promoted the use of tobacco, especially in developing countries. They have also affected the rights of large communities with impunity, causing displacement, contamination of groundwater and loss of livelihood. They have directly perpetrated serious human rights violations, in particular in developing and least developed countries. They have thus seriously affected the laws, policies and social and economic environments of States and have violated the economic, social and cultural rights of individuals and communities, including the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Children are particularly vulnerable in conflict due to poor hygiene and food insecurity. Malnutrition, in particular, undermines children's immunity and resistance to preventable and communicable diseases, such as diarrhoea or malaria. The breakdown of disease surveillance and vaccination systems also contributes to the vulnerability of children to ill-health and hinders their right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to health and development 2011, para. 19c
- Paragraph text
- [As the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has clarified, States have a core minimum obligation to ensure the satisfaction of minimum essential levels of the right to health under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), including:] Access to the minimum essential food which is nutritionally adequate and safe;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 67b
- Paragraph text
- [With a view to making accountability and remedial mechanisms available and accessible to victims of violations, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States take the following steps:] Encourage and promote independent monitoring of activities of the State and the food industry. Urge participation of affected people and local communities in monitoring such activities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 65c
- Paragraph text
- [With a view to ensuring their obligation to realize the right to health of vulnerable groups such as children, women and low-income groups, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States take the following steps:] Ensure that social welfare schemes for low-income groups make relevant information available and provide access to healthier food options to eliminate "food deserts".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 64a
- Paragraph text
- [With a view to respecting, protecting and fulfilling the right to health, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States take the following steps:] Increase availability and accessibility of healthier food alternatives through fiscal and agricultural policies that discourage production of unhealthy foods. Also take measures to incentivize farmers to grow healthier products;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- In addition, States should extend their assistance to low- and middle-income countries, which, due to their limited resources, may be unable to attain required nutrition standards, leading to an increased burden of NCDs. In such cases, States should extend their assistance through technology transfer, capacity-building and, where necessary, by providing monetary support (A/RES/66/2). This will help ensure that States lacking sufficient expertise develop and sustain the requisite technology to take preventive actions against NCDs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- To prevent harm to people's health and fulfil their obligation under the right to health, States should put in place national policies to regulate advertising of unhealthy foods. States should formulate laws and a regulatory framework with the objective of reducing children's exposure to powerful food and drink marketing. Such regulations should ensure that the food industry provide accurate and reader-friendly nutrition information when advertising their products.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- States also have the obligation to protect people from violations of their right to health from activities of non-State actors, including private food corporations. For instance, States should make sure that advertisements and promotion by food corporations convey accurate and easily understandable information on possible ill effects of their food products. This is important, as withholding or misrepresenting such information is likely to affect people's diet choices, which impacts on the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Supermarkets and large food chains have largely replaced fresh food markets as a major source of food supply in most countries, and at a faster rate in developing than developed countries. Supermarkets based in North America and Europe have invested heavily in Africa, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America. Supermarkets are now the primary food retailers in Latin America. In one country, approximately three quarters of the FDI flows towards highly-processed foods like soft drinks, snacks and mayonnaise.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Industrial technology has contributed to the dominance of TNCs in the modern food system. The use of agrochemicals and hybrid seeds in farming and extraction technology in food processing have allowed for large-scale food production at substantially lower costs. The addition of high amounts of salts, saturated- and trans-fats to ultraprocessed foods have increased the shelf life of such foods and reduced transportation costs, making them more profitable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The responsibility to respect the right to health requires the food industry to refrain from engaging in activities that negatively impact the right of people to the highest attainable standard of health. Where States have enacted legislation as part of national health policies to discourage consumption of unhealthy foods and promote healthier options, the food industry has the responsibility to comply with such laws and desist from undertaking activities that would undermine these policies. They should take measures to prevent, mitigate and remedy adverse impacts of their actions. For example, in light of the negative impact of food marketing and promotion activities on children's diets, the food industry has the responsibility to refrain from advertising unhealthy products to children in accordance with national laws and regulations. Failure to exercise such restraint under domestic law may amount not only to a violation of the law, but also of the right to health. Similarly, the food industry should desist from promoting false or misleading health claims about their products, consistent with their responsibility to respect the right to health. Health claims about food products have often been shown to be unverifiable and deceptive about relative health benefits. Moreover, even where unhealthy ingredients like sugar and fat content are replaced with refined starch and promoted as "healthier" food options, they are still processed foods with minor improvement in nutritional quality.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 66c
- Paragraph text
- [Recognizing the role of the food industry in the growing burden of NCDs, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the food industry take the following steps:] Invest in improving the nutritional content of unhealthy foods;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 66b
- Paragraph text
- [Recognizing the role of the food industry in the growing burden of NCDs, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the food industry take the following steps:] Refrain from marketing, promoting and advertising of unhealthy foods to the population, especially to children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 66a
- Paragraph text
- [Recognizing the role of the food industry in the growing burden of NCDs, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the food industry take the following steps:] Adopt internationally acceptable nutritional labelling guidelines and comply with domestically-enacted guidelines in this respect;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Food policies that emphasize home cooking to improve diets must take into account these gender and labour-force dynamics. Healthy eating programmes should not focus solely on mothers, but must also promote the role of men in food preparation, as well as take into account a diverse range of family arrangements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The food industry spends billions of dollars on persistent and pervasive promotion and marketing of unhealthy foods. TNCs often enter into exclusive contracts with fast food outlets to sell their foods. Varied pricing strategies are used as a mechanism to elicit demand for unhealthy products. Supermarkets have also been found to provide more price discounts for unhealthy foods compared to healthy foods.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- After birth, adequate nutrition can be supported by the initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding through to the second year of life, nutritional supplementation and ensuring the availability of and access to healthy and culturally appropriate diets for infants and young children, including by improving food security. Infant and young child feeding is a key area in improving child survival and promoting healthy growth and development. The first two years of a child's life are particularly important, as optimal nutrition during this period lowers morbidity and mortality, reduces the risk of chronic disease and fosters better development overall.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Infants
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- An effective international framework is needed to hold the global food industry legally accountable for its actions. There is a need to create an international framework that binds States and casts responsibility on them to modify their domestic laws for reduction and prevention of diet-related NCDs. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control could be used as a foundation on which an international framework for accountability and monitoring of the food and beverage industry can be built. The international community also needs to ensure that food corporations driven by commercial interests do not undermine the efforts of States to realize the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Investment agreements may also contain provisions that allow States to be sued for taking measures to protect public health that may adversely impact investments of the contracting party and private corporations. The mere threat of onerous and expensive litigation may create a chilling effect where States would refrain from formulating such policies in the first place. In order to reduce the global and domestic burden of NCDs and ensure that health concerns override trade relations, States need to collaborate by supporting localized and suitable food systems and ensuring that domestic policy space on nutritional systems is protected. When entering into investment agreements, host States should take assertive steps and mention clear and explicit exceptions to investments that may harm public health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph