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Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Over the years, classifications of different profiles have been made to facilitate the development of appropriate interventions. A distinction was therefore made between "situational" and "preferential" child sex tourists. The situational sex tourist was described as not travelling with the intention of being a sex tourist, who is tempted by an opportunity to have sex with children in a country, not usually having a preference for children, abusing children who are pre-pubescent or not, driven by the search for new experiences and justifying their acts on the basis of cultural or economic grounds. The preferential sex tourist travels specifically with the aim of abusing children, can experience sexual attraction for adults, but tends to search for pubescent or adolescent children. In addition, the paedophile, usually considered as someone suffering from a clinical disorder, with an exclusive inclination for pre-pubescent children, who may not show any preference for the gender of the child and may not view sexual contact with children as harmful. In contrast to the situational offender, they are notorious reoffenders, seeking out vulnerable children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 48c
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures should address critical socio-economic factors by:] Providing single mothers (particularly adolescent girls) with support through social welfare systems that offer a full range of alternative care services and assistance within child protection systems;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 43a
- Paragraph text
- [To ensure that child victims receive appropriate assistance for their full social reintegration and physical and psychological recovery, follow-up measures must:] Provide appropriate mental health services for children, adolescents and adults;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In some counties, legislation recognizes a broad general right of children to lodge complaints before public authorities. The effectiveness of such legislation is closely associated with children's access to information on their right to access justice and to complain before a judicial or non-judicial mechanism. The Costa Rican Children's and Adolescents' Code, for example, provides that: "Persons under the age of majority shall have the right to seek shelter, help and advice when a threat to their rights entails a serious risk to their physical or spiritual health; and to receive timely assistance and protection from the competent authorities." The Paraguayan Children's and Adolescents' Code recognizes the right of children to personally request any public body or official to take action that is within their mandate or competence, and to receive a timely reply. In Romania, Law No. 272/2004 on the protection and promotion of the rights of the child recognizes the child's right to personally make complaints regarding violations of his or her fundamental rights. In Spain, the law recognizes children's right to receive from the public authorities adequate assistance in guaranteeing respect for their rights, including the right to request protection or support from any public institution and to make complaints regarding violations of their rights to the public prosecutor or the Ombudsman.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, the expansion of the Internet and social networking has had an impact on children's social norms. The exposure of children to child pornography inspires and influences their sexual practices and affects their behaviour. Prevailing standards and peer pressure has led adolescents to share sexualized images of themselves, making them vulnerable to abuse and potentially redefining some of the social limits of acceptability of child pornography.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Some countries have established specialized administrative procedures for children in specific contexts. In Slovenia, there is a procedure to investigate complaints regarding treatment of children by the police. The Costa Rican Children's and Adolescents' Code recognizes the right of students to make complaints of physical, sexual or emotional abuse in schools. According to the UNICEF survey, complaints procedures are available for law enforcement agencies, and also for the child welfare and school systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- A major enabler of demand is the perception of youth, consent and virginity. Indeed, the attraction of preferential offenders who are not paedophiles to adolescents often stems from social and cultural constructs. The obsession with virginity owing to notions of purity and health is, for example, a source of demand for the sexual exploitation of children. There are thus in several regions of the world those who specifically seek to have intercourse with virgins. Concurrently, a child who has lost his or her virginity is considered in negative terms and devalued, thus being more vulnerable to sexual exploitation. Besides, the definition of a child, although set at any person under 18 in international law, varies from one culture to another and is strongly related to his or her sexual maturity. There is further confusion as a result of the varying ages of sexual consent across the world. Preferential and situational offenders will thus justify their actions by affirming, based on their personal belief or on the degree of social tolerance, that their victim was not a child or consented to his or her exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- As indicated above, certain preferential offenders cannot be described as paedophiles as they are interested solely in pubescent children. The specific sexual interest in teenagers is called hebephilia and derives from a range of factors linked to the underlying level of demand. A strong motivation for committing such sexual exploitation of children is, for instance, linked to the context of sexually transmitted diseases with offenders believing that virgins or young children pose less of a health risk. There are also other practices, such as adults becoming sexually involved with teenagers in exchange for money or goods. This phenomenon is present across the world and those adults are often referred to as "sugar daddies", and the practice is often referred to as "compensated dating". It is also at the heart of the exploitation of children in the context of tourism and travel.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Social norms within children's own communities - through their peers - can also constitute significant risk factors. In the context of exchanges with peers or of relationships, children, especially adolescents, may be tempted to put so-called "self generated indecent images" online, which may then be further disseminated through social media. Children may also make themselves vulnerable through online behaviours that are then exploited by criminals through grooming on the Internet and blackmailing online. Consumerism may draw children into exploitative situations so that they are able to buy specific goods. Early sexualization, conveyed through media and peers, may contribute to risky attitudes and distort perceptions by both children and adults of the criminal nature of child sexual abuse and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 112d
- Paragraph text
- [Where mechanisms exist, it is critical to secure their availability to and accessibility by all children, without discrimination, and to ensure that they act in an ethical, effective and child-sensitive manner and pursue the best interests of the child at all times. To this end:] Capacity-building and training initiatives should be developed to ensure that those working with and for children have the necessary knowledge and skills, and abide by child rights principles and ethical standards when providing children with counselling when interviewing or supporting them in reporting and complaint proceedings or in relevant recovery and reintegration programmes. These efforts should promote a collaborative and integrated approach among relevant professionals, including in the medical, legal, social and educational areas. Where not available, mental health systems for children and adolescents should be developed;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
10 shown of 10 entities