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Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- As noted above, much of the exploitative behaviour identified in the present report should be criminalized through adequate national legislation in order to combat impunity. While many countries have done so, it is also important that specialist police force units are created to investigate those offences and that they work closely with specialist agencies that are specifically trained to work with child victims of exploitation. Investigations of those offences involve dealing with particularly vulnerable children and therefore investigators need specialized training to deal with them in a child-sensitive manner. In addition, those investigations require highly technical techniques, such as forensic computer analysis, to gather the appropriate electronic evidence. Only by building up a framework of dedicated officers can those offences be properly tackled. INTERPOL and the Virtual Global Taskforce undertake specialist global training courses to ensure that national officers have the technical abilities to investigate those crimes and identify child victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- The transnational nature of the sale and sexual exploitation of children, owing to the development of information technologies, trafficking networks, tourism and migration, frequently involves children being transferred from one country to another and often implicates transnational criminal networks. This calls for coordinated preventive measures across countries, particularly neighbouring countries. Consequently, it is virtually impossible to address these crimes adequately without solid networks at the regional and international levels aimed at promoting coordination and cooperation. Compliance with international standards plays an important role in ensuring a common understanding of the nature of the crimes and fostering cooperation among countries. Cooperation ranges from border control and verification of travel documents to joint efforts from law enforcement authorities and joint preventive programmes, including harmonization of legislation, sharing of information and learning from good practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 98c
- Paragraph text
- [At the international level] [States parties to the 1993 Hague Convention should:] Encourage the Hague Conference to compile good practices and lessons learned regarding moratoriums on intercountry adoptions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 97a
- Paragraph text
- [At the international level] [The Special Rapporteur invites the international community and international bodies to:] Increase technical cooperation to establish and strengthen effective child protection systems in countries of origin;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 96f
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [At the national level] [Specifically in respect of intercountry adoptions:] The provision of development or humanitarian aid must not be linked to an authorization to carry out adoptions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 96a
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [At the national level] [Specifically in respect of intercountry adoptions:] Central authorities should ensure the effective monitoring of activities of adoption accredited bodies to guarantee their transparency and accountability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 95h
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Establish and implement standardized information systems to obtain and share accurate and reliable data on domestic and intercountry adoptions, on children subject to adoption and on their family and background;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 95e
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Establish and implement a single, well-recognized process for adoption that includes a holistic assessment of the child's full range of rights, and prohibit private and independent adoptions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 95c
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Review national laws and regulations to ensure that they do not contribute to the creation or maintenance of an enabling environment for illegal adoptions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Such systemic issues create an environment that enables illegal adoptions and that Governments, both in countries of origin and in receiving countries, are allowing or promoting through laws and policies, often taking advantage of them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 82j
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Establish and extend prevention programmes, both offline and online, targeting potential offenders and providing them with support and follow-up;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- There have been several initiatives to stem the demand for the sexual exploitation of children at both the national and international levels. Existing measures to investigate and prosecute online and offline offenders are gaining pace. The private sector has also gradually understood its potential role as a facilitator and has taken several countermeasures in response. Yet the scourge of child sexual exploitation has not disappeared. This is due to the absence of comprehensive strategies to face the three levels of demand. Firstly, the continuing absence of data prevents the comprehensive mapping of the demand. Secondly, there are still too many individuals and groups at the intermediary level who see child sexual exploitation as a profitable business, despite its illegal nature. Thirdly, the underpinning causes of the demand factor are not systematically addressed and thus foster the perpetuation of child sexual exploitation. Lastly, there is still room to harmonize criminal provisions and penalties to ensure that no offender enjoys impunity. Concurrently, significant gaps remain in the implementation of the legal standards and the sharing of information leading to an inadequate law enforcement response.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- International cooperation between law enforcement agencies and initiatives led by the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the European Police Office (Europol) have facilitated the pursuit of accountability in the context of transnational child sexual exploitation. With the help of the International Child Sexual Exploitation image database, around 3,800 offenders have been identified. The Virtual Global Taskforce, which consists of law enforcement partners including INTERPOL and Europol and a number of private sector partners, is also of particular interest. It focuses on online child sexual abuse and child sexual exploitation and has led to successful operations such as Operation Atlas, Operation Endeavour and Operation Rescue. The first led to the arrest across the globe of 303 individuals involved in the sharing and distribution of child sexual abuse material. The second concerned the live streaming of child sexual abuse on demand in the Philippines and led to 29 international arrests. The third led to the dismantling of a global paedophile ring and 184 arrests across the world. Regrettably, it is unclear how many of those arrests led to convictions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography explicitly call for the prevention of the sexual exploitation of children. It is thus the duty of States parties to those instruments to take all appropriate measures to fulfil that obligation. Proactive measures to address the demand factor should be an upmost priority. A prerequisite is to study and map the demand for the sexual exploitation of children in order to develop fitting and coherent policies. A broad strategy is then necessary to deal with all the levels of the demand and can be based on a three-pronged approach. Firstly, prevention is necessary to address the majority of underlying factors of the demand as well as to dissuade individuals from committing such heinous crimes. Secondly, it is essential to deal with existing offenders by ensuring accountability, which also addresses the underlying factor of impunity. Lastly, to be able to prevent reoffending, there should be evidence and results-based rehabilitation programmes. The involvement of the private sector is crucial in this broad strategy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 100b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites the international community to:] Promote multi-stakeholder initiatives fully involving the private sector, including at the level of each economic sector, to promote good practices and internal oversight;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 100a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites the international community to:] Develop and further transnational cooperation between law enforcement services to ensure the tracking of child victims of sale and trafficking for forced labour;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 99m
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Ensure that policies aimed at protecting children and reducing their vulnerability also respect their right to make decisions about their own lives, in accordance with their evolving capacities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 99i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Support the private sector in establishing mechanisms for monitoring and ensuring the accountability of subcontractors at all levels of the supply chain;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 99a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Adopt and implement clear and comprehensive legislation which criminalizes the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour and the conditions leading to it, such as debt bondage;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Following an analysis of relevant concepts, it can be inferred that the crime of the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour includes the following elements:
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 87i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Establish a reliable and standard information system on the phenomena;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Article 8 of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography requires the rights and interests of child victims to be secured throughout the legal process. The criminal prosecution of a perpetrator should not adversely affect the health and recovery of the child victim. The Optional Protocol requires special measures to be adopted to assist child victims in testifying and to protect their privacy. Article 14 of the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse provides additional procedural rights to victims, such as short and long-term physical and psychosocial recovery. Recovery and non-re-victimization of the child should be given due consideration when deciding whether and when to prosecute an offender. In the best interest of the child, that may entail allowing the victim a period of recovery to receive the necessary support, as well as assistance in cases where the child victims will interact with the justice system, which assistance should be child-sensitive and respect the rights of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Child pornography can be considered as the exploitative behaviour committed or facilitated through new technologies which captures most attention. Article 2 (c) of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography defines child pornography as "any representation, by whatever means, of a child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child for primarily sexual purposes". It is a wide definition which may include non-visual depictions, such as text and sound. Some regional instruments, such as the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (art. 20, para. 2) and the Draft African Union Convention on the Establishment of a Legal Framework Conducive to Cyber Security in Africa (art. III-1), apply only to visual depictions, usually photographs, but increasingly such instruments also refer to "virtual child pornography". Likewise, few domestic countries define child pornography as including expressly non-visual depictions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- In her report on child participation as a key element in preventing and combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children (A/67/291), the Special Rapporteur set forth a number of practical approaches that have yielded positive changes in ways of working with children as partners. These include: facilitating child-sensitive and appropriate information, taking into account the sensitive nature of the issues; involving children in creative arts, especially theatre; producing child-friendly media, including leaflets, booklets, posters, television and radio broadcasts; using child-friendly spaces and forums such as children's associations, youth forums, children's councils and parliaments, and blogs; fostering online participation, combined with online safety initiatives; and encouraging children's participation in public policy development and monitoring, including research and data collection at the national, regional and international levels. The Special Rapporteur has insisted on the need to scale up and disseminate these practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the Special Rapporteur will continue to work on advocacy priorities developed by her predecessors, namely the universal ratification of the optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the non-criminalization of child victims of sexual exploitation. She will continue to urge States that have not already done so to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, joining efforts with the United Nations Children's Fund, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children in Armed Conflict. Moreover, she will support common efforts to promote the ratification and implementation of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure, which entered into force on 14 April 2014. Regarding non-criminalization of child victims, the Special Rapporteur will continue to urge States to review all aspects of national legislation that may affect children and ensure that they are not criminalized, penalized or stigmatized for having been victims of sexual abuse or exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to take a holistic approach towards effectively combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children. This involves promoting the design and implementation of comprehensive strategies and programmes of action aimed at the establishment of rights-based national child protection systems, which encompass awareness-raising, prevention, sexual education, law enactment and enforcement, collection and analysis of reliable data, birth registration, detection, investigation, prosecution, punishment and treatment of perpetrators, child-sensitive counselling, complaint and reporting mechanisms, care, recovery and social integration of child victims and, in general, the promotion of children's rights. The Special Rapporteur will aim to propose specific and achievable recommendations, promote good practices and successful initiatives and facilitate transnational cooperation and increased corporate social responsibility. In this respect, the Special Rapporteur intends to support efforts by Member States to prevent and combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children and to increase visibility of their positive results and achievements with the aim of promoting their replication in other parts of the world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 100c
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and coordinated transnational cooperation should be established, though:] Developing and sharing reliable and standardized databases of cases at regional and international level;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 100b
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and coordinated transnational cooperation should be established, though:] Informing travellers of the legal sanctions linked to the sexual exploitation of children abroad;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 98e
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and effective preventive measures should be established:] Reporting by informing people of the issue and empowering them to act should be encouraged;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 98c
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and effective preventive measures should be established:] Community-based initiatives must be tailored to the specific local reality;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph