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Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The breakdown of families, communities and social and institutional structures during conflict and in its aftermath puts children at great risk of being sold, trafficked and sexually exploited. The World Development Report 2011 of the World Bank estimates that approximately 1.5 billion people live in countries affected by repeated cycles of political and criminal violence. The current nature of conflicts, mostly civil wars fought by armed groups rather than the military, disproportionately affects civilians. Children pay a high toll. A child living in a conflict-affected or fragile developing country is nearly three times more likely to be out of school than a child living in a developing country that is unaffected by these factors. Sexual and gender-based violence is a major issue, during and in the aftermath of conflict. Women and children account for close to 80 per cent of refugees and internally displaced persons. As more countries fall into conflict and high levels of political and criminal violence, involving an increasingly complex range of protagonists and ever more violent schemes, children will continue to be exposed to heightened risks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Empower the authorities concerned to intervene in situations of emergency and remove children from such situations if necessary;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- According to estimates by UNICEF, slightly more than 1 billion children live in States or territories affected by armed conflict. Nearly 300 million of them are under 5 years of age. In 2006, there were an estimated 18.1 million child refugees and internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Intercountry adoptions in the context of emergency situations are specifically open to several abuses. For example, in Haiti adoption processes were not interrupted but rather expedited following the 2010 earthquake, under the pressure of receiving countries. In Rwanda, during the genocide, several children were evacuated abroad and some were subsequently adopted without the consent of surviving parents.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- During conflict, armed groups destroy the social and economic environment and interrupt the delivery of social services, dismantling a protective environment for children and driving the population into dire poverty. Families may entrust their children to intermediaries who then exploit them for various purposes. The long-lasting effects of institutional breakdown enable trafficking to flourish and lead to its persistence after a conflict has ended (see A/HRC/32/41).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In situations of armed conflict, children are particularly vulnerable to being sold for the purpose of forced labour. As armed conflicts increasingly focus on control over resources, parties have used children in various forms of child labour, including in mines, in addition to recruitment for military purposes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Care must be provided by trained professionals who understand the importance of mental and emotional health, in settings that are safe for children. Care homes providing temporary or long-term shelter for victims must ensure that staff members are carefully selected, adequately trained and closely supervised to ensure that they do not pose a risk to children. Both children and staff at shelters must feel safe from threats, dangers and harm from perpetrators.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Recent studies have highlighted numerous factors that have affected the ability of families to care for their children. With the economic crisis, parents have been forced to spend longer hours at work, leaving children unattended.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- After a disaster, extensive time is required to conduct impact studies, design programmes and projects, negotiate and secure reconstruction financing and initiate reconstruction activities. This consequently leaves the most vulnerable people, especially children and their families, without adequate support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Little is known about the availability or accessibility of child-sensitive complaints, reporting and counselling mechanisms. While a significant level of abuse and exploitation of children is occurring in emergency situations, it is chronically underreported.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- In addition to having their basic physical needs met, children in emergencies also require protection from physical harm, exploitation and gender-based violence, psycho-social distress, family separation, abuses related to forced displacement. They also need access to quality education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- UNICEF works to promote the establishment of specific protocols to prevent separation during medical evacuation or admittance. Similarly, Save the Children establishes systems in the immediate aftermath of a disaster and informs people of how to avoid separation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- It is easy for children, particularly young and disabled children, to become separated from their families in a natural disaster when all attention is focused on dealing with the immediate impact. Children may also become unaccompanied if their families lack the capacity or assistance to care for them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Children may have to go outside the camp or shelter to collect water, firewood or other sources of fuel. The combination of lack of supervision and the ever-increasing distance a child must travel from their shelter to find fuel or water places them at greater risk of abduction.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Following a natural disaster, surviving children are at greater risk for exploitation due to poor camp design and security. Emergency camps and temporary shelters are often established without attention to a design that would provide safe and secure rest, play and wash areas for children - particularly those who are separated or unaccompanied-, and minimize the chance of accidental separation of children from their families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Few first-response entities have the knowledge or capacity to follow protocols that can reduce the risks faced by children in the process of evacuation. Children may be moved out of immediate danger, but left in the care of individuals or institutions without any record of their evacuation, identity or location.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Many first responders have limited or no training in the procedural measures to follow when dealing with children in the acute stage of a natural disaster, such as reporting when and to where a child has been transferred or evacuated and any relevant details regarding the identity of the child.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- International organizations and aid agencies are also working to develop and implement cohesive inter-agency child protection responses at the field and global levels, both in policy and operational terms. The Child Protection Working Group (CPWG) brings together and coordinates the work of the organizations and aid agencies in the child protection cluster to ensure a more predictable, accountable and effective child protection response in complex emergencies, disasters and other such situations. The working group seeks to support cohesive, inter-agency child protection responses at the field-level through global-level advocacy, standard and policy setting, capacity building and tool-development initiatives, and considers itself primarily accountable to the beneficiaries. It is unique among the cluster approach because of its diverse membership and mission to promote a comprehensive and specialized protection response. UNICEF is the focal point agency for child protection. While maintaining strong field action in the areas of health and child protection, it has also developed Core commitments for children in humanitarian actions (May 2010) , providing a global framework for action by UNICEF and its partners.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Implementation of child protection can be promoted through various ways. The primary responsibility for disaster preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction lies with States. However, the capacity of a State may be compromised by the consequences of a disaster or due to limited financial, human and technical resources and capacities or sometimes due to an absence of political will.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Again, the full extent of this issue remains largely unknown. While numerous country-level task forces on monitoring and reporting are in place to report on grave violations against children in armed conflicts, no similar mechanism exists in relation to violations against children in natural disasters.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- While some basic statistics are available on the number of people who are refugees or internally displaced, the majority of these can be attributed to armed conflicts. The number of children who are internally displaced due to natural disasters is unknown.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- One of the fundamental stumbling blocks to ensuring child protection is the serious shortage of funding for child protection emergency response work. Child protection services are "consistently underfunded" and levels of funding are "significantly lower than for other humanitarian sectors." United Nations humanitarian agencies and NGOs are therefore severely limited in their capacity to provide vital child protection responses.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Every year, an estimated 231 million people worldwide are affected by natural disasters and climate-related catastrophes; the majority being children. According to UNICEF's 2011 Humanitarian Action report, "climate-related hazards are increasing, accounting for 70 per cent of all disasters today compared to 50 per cent two decades ago, and such climate-related crises are projected to affect hundreds of millions every year as early as 2015."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42d
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Equipped to provide special and prompt protection and assistance to child victims and witnesses; such assistance should be appropriate to the age, level of maturity and unique needs of the child in order to prevent further hardship and trauma;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- States parties to the Optional Protocol are specifically required to prohibit the sale of children for the purpose of engagement in forced labour. Pursuant to Convention No. 182 of the International Labour Organization, "the worst forms of child labour" include the "forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- [While a large number of action plans and strategies have been developed, they are very often only partially or incompletely implemented in some countries owing to:] Shortage or absence of centralized information systems and monitoring and assessment mechanisms through which to measure changes in the situation of children and the impact of actions undertaken.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Such migration, both internal and external, can occur in response to individual imperatives (such as the search for economic or professional opportunities), or to family and communal imperatives in connection with survival strategies or efforts to find suitable social or educational environments for children. Permanent and seasonal migrations, whether cross-border or within a country, are dictated by poverty, deteriorating living conditions, chronic drought, armed conflict and/or political instability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The Global Protection Cluster Task Force on Protection in Natural Disaster Situations, led by the International Development Law Organization (IDLO), aims to ensure that procedures are in place for an effective, predictable and accountable protection capacity in situations of natural disaster. Among its activities, the task force may include the identification of specific protection challenges in disaster response for certain groups, such as children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- External factors, such as humanitarian crises or conflicts, can also foster the demand factor. The ensuing chaos and lawlessness empowers offenders to target vulnerable children in order to sell and/or sexually exploit them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Additional challenges facing service providers, including non-governmental organizations, in establishing and managing assistance and care services include: (a) a lack of information and data from local research; (b) a lack of policies, procedures and legislation at the national level; (c) low levels of awareness; (d) challenges at the family and community level, such as extreme poverty and alcohol abuse; (e) threats to staff; (f) lack of time and the patience to engage children; (f) secondary trauma affecting staff; and (g) practical challenges in decision-making.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph