A/71/398 discriminatory against women and that an effective legal framework is in place to address all forms of gender-based violence. 77. The second level of responsibility is related to violence against women perpetrated by non-State actors or private persons in which States parties will be responsible under article 2 (e) of the Convention, which requires them to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women by any person, organization or enterprise. This level of responsibility requires the adoption and implementation of measures to protect women from gender-based violence committed by non-State actors and obliges States parties to have legal provisions and a system in place to address all forms of violence against women committed by private actors. This obligation of due diligence requires all State agents and bodies to adequately and diligently prevent, investigate, punish and provide remedies for acts of gender-based violence done by private persons. The failure of a State to act with due diligence to prevent acts of violence against women, when its authorities know or should know about the danger of violence, or to investigate and punish such acts constitutes a human rights violation. 78. The third level of responsibility is to empower women and girls by taking measures to ensure the full development and advancement of all women, in particular in the political, economic and cultural fields. 79. The importance of data collection is also broadly recognized in international human rights law, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the recommendations made by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which provides a legal basis and practical guidance for the promotion and development of statistics, disaggregated by sex. 29 The Committee explicitly recognized the importance of statistical data to understand the situation of women and recommended that States should ensure that their national statistical services formulated their questionnaires in such a way that data could be disaggregated according to gender. In paragraph 24 (c) of its general recommendation No. 19, the Committee recommended that States parties should encourage the compilation of statistics and research on the extent, causes and effects of violence and on the effectiveness of measures to prevent and deal with violence. 80. At the regional level, article 8 (h) of the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women established the agreement by States to take progressively specific measures, including programmes, to ensure research and the gathering of statistics and other relevant information relating to the causes, consequences and frequency of violence against women. Article 11 of the Istanbul Convention established that States parties should undertake to collect disaggregated relevant statistical data on cases of all forms of violence. 81. The Special Rapporteur also recalls General Assembly resolutions 68/191 and 70/176 on taking action against gender-related killing of women and girls. In the latter resolution, the Assembly encouraged Member States to collect, __________________ 29 22/24 See Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Human rights indicators: a guide to measurement and implementation” (2012), p. 75. 16-16456