· Criminalize all forms of trafficking in women and girls for the purposes of sexual exploitation and penalize all traffickers; · Take steps to enable women who are victims of trafficking to make complaints to the police and to be available when required by the criminal justice system, and ensure that during this time women have access to social, medical, financial and legal assistance, and protection, as appropriate; · Develop and implement national legislation and policies prohibiting harmful customary or traditional practices that are violations of women’s and girls’ human rights and obstacles to the full enjoyment by women and girls of their human rights and fundamental freedoms; · Ensure that women are safe at work by supporting measures that promote the creation of a workplace environment free from sexual harassment or other violence and encourage all employers to put in place policies designed to eliminate and deal effectively with harassment of women whenever it occurs in the workplace; · Encourage the participation of women in law enforcement agencies so as to achieve gender balance. E. Research and gender-disaggregated data collection Actions to be taken by Governments: · Promote coordinated research on violence against women to ensure that it is multidisciplinary and addresses the root factors, including external factors, that encourage trafficking in women and girls for prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation; · Encourage research aimed at exploring the nature, extent violence and collect data and statistics on its economic costs, and its consequences, and conduct research on the laws relevant to combating all forms of violence against · Develop common definitions and guidelines and train relevant actors for the collection of data and statistics on violence against women and ensure that all cases of violence against women are recorded systematically and appropriately, whether they are first reported to the police or to health and social services; · Sponsor community-based research and national surveys, including the collection of disaggregated data, on violence against women, with regard to particular groups of women, such as women with disabilities, migrant women workers and trafficked women; · Support evaluations of the impact of measures and policies, particularly with regard to legislative, evidentiary and procedural law reform, to address violence against women with a view to identifying and exchanging good practices and lessons learned, and initiate intervention and prevention programmes; · Promote the sharing of research results, including information on best practices at national, regional and international levels; -13- and causes of and social impact of all women;